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Problematyka demograficzna tzw. ściany wschodniej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

100%
Eberhardt P.
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
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2011
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vol. 3(39)
271-291
EN
The article presents demographic changes occurring in the borderland area situated in the immediate neighborhood of the Polish-Lithuanian, Polish-Byelorussian and Polish-Ukrainian borders. In the Polish specialist literature the area is called “the Eastern Wall”. The author draws the reader’s attention to the lack of precision of this term and to the freedom with which it is used, as well as to the fact that with time it has been assuming a negative meaning. In order to check the research hypothesis saying that there are de-population areas near the eastern border of Poland an empirical analysis has been made. On the basis of statistical documents demographic changes have been presented and commented on, according to the three levels of local government administration (województwo, powiat, gmina). The most interesting facts have been revealed by an analysis of the lowest level units (gmina). Information has been compared about their population, according to five time points (1970, 1978, 1988, 1996, 2008). This has made it possible to define the demographic dynamics. The results are unambiguous, and they show that nearly all the studied gminas are characterized by demographic regress. The rate of decrease in their population has been accelerating with time. Depopulation processes are result of a negative migration balance and of the natural drop. The decreasing number of births is connected with an increase in death rate. The opinion about the existence of the so-called “Eastern Wall”, in which negative demographic-social processes are cumulated has been confirmed by facts. Empirical analysis based on the data from three first level units (województwo), 16 second level units (powiat) and 51 third level units (gmina) has showed that the discussed eastern part of the borderland is not homogeneous and it is spatially differentiated. It has been revealed that each of the borderland segments has its own, clearly distinguished, demographic specificity. The most unfavorable demographic situation, which is connected with the increasing depopulation processes, obtains in the central part of the Polish eastern border. The area is situated along the Polish-Byelorussian border, and partly at the northern part of the Polish-Ukrainian border. At this borderland segment, more than 600 km long, we see several negative phenomena and demographic processes overlapping, which in the future may lead to a complete depopulation of the borderland areas. This will give significant economic consequences. In the conclusion attempts are made to show that studies of the borderland areas not only have a great cognitive significance, but a planning significance as well, since they may be a premise for creating programs activating the area.
2
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Dzieci w migracjach. Doświadczenia z badań w Polsce

100%
Nowicka E.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2015
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vol. 41
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issue 2 (156)
123–143
EN
Regardless of when and where migration takes place, the situation of a child-migrant is similar. In the context of migration a child of school (or even preschool) age commonly encounters problems associated with relationships with people in specifi roles. Children are in contact with their peers belonging to the “indigenous” national community, and (possibly) also with peers of other nationalities, including other emigrants, the teaching staff, and the school system as a whole. A study of the situation and problems of immigrant children in one country can therefore provide valuable information on the possible directions of research, research methods and techniques, and the range of problems that such a study should take into account. Researchers of Polish emigration to Western Europe (especially of post-accession emigration) have already stressed the need to pay attention to the situation of the child-migrant. In this article I present some of the problems faced by child migrants and their families using case studies researched in Poland.
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TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION - NEW PHENOMENON OF GLOBAL WORLD? (SLOVAK CITIZENS AS TRANSNATIONAL MIGRANTS IN BRUSSELS)

100%
Bitusikova A.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 4
401-421
EN
The paper deals with the new phase of the migration processes in contemporary global world - transnational migration. It brings an overview of the transnational theories as discussed in a social anthropological literature. The transnational migrants are citizens who live within the borders of two or more states and maintain the close social, cultural, economic and political ties to their home country. One of the growing groups of the transnational migrants are the highly skilled and qualified professionals who work for international and transnational institutions and organizations. The study focuses on a group of the Slovak citizens working at European institutions in Brussels. It is based on qualitative research and analyses responses from the questionnaires and interviews with the Slovak professionals in Brussels divided into several categories (motivations of migration; home; identity constructions and transformations; life styles; contacts and relations with the home country). The main objective is to investigate whether the characteristics of the transnational migrants can be applied to this group of the migrants.
4
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PRAKTYKOWANIE BIAŁORUSKOŚCI W STRATEGIACH RODZICIELSKICH MIGRANTÓW

75%
Dolińska A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2014
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vol. 40
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issue 2(152)
203-218
EN
The article explores the strategies of practicing “Belarusianness” in the context of migration - by Belarusians who settled in Poland with their children. It is based on empirical research concerning the biographical context of their life situation, conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews and casual conversations. As “Belarusianness” I define a range of criteria which influence the identity of the interviewees and which imply a sense of national distinctiveness. Another analysed aspect is the parenting strategies of the interviewees in view of their emigration to Poland, and how they influence the identity formation of second generation migrants, i.e. their children.
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MIGRANCI CZYNIĄ ZIEMIĘ PODDANĄ

75%
Kula M.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2013
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vol. 39
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issue 1(147)
49-58
EN
The history of humankind may be seen as a process of domination of a territory. Nowadays, there are practically no places on Earth, which would be untouched by man. The migration waves of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries played an important role in the process of taking possession of the earth's surface. The migrants settled in many previously inhabited areas, took advantage of them, by different means marked them as theirs, built roads and railways, measured and described them, gave names to different landmarks of the occupied territory, introduced their symbols, designed frontiers, and, last but not least, organised cemeteries.
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EXPLORING LABOUR INTEGRATION CHALLENGES FOR UKRAINIANS IN SLOVAKIA

75%
Papcunová J., Ďurbisová S., Mukhina A.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2023
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vol. 26
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issue 2
-
EN
Employment plays a crucial role in the integration of individuals who have fled the war in Ukraine. From both a financial and psychological standpoint, the opportunity to work is essential in preventing dependence on welfare and fostering a sense of self-realization. Following the conflict in Ukraine, over a million people have crossed the border, with many heading to the region around the capital Bratislava. A large number have also chosen to stay closer to the border, making their way to the second largest city in Slovakia, Košice. The aim of this research was to use qualitative methods to explore the needs and barriers in the labour market of those who came to Košice after the outbreak of war (involuntary migrants) and those who have been working in Košice for a longer period (voluntary migrants). Language and age barriers, limited job opportunities, discrimination and health difficulties emerged as key themes from the discussions with the involuntary migrants. In general, language proficiency posed a significant challenge, hindering stable employment for the participants. Discrimination and hatred were also reported, along with experiences of exploitation and dismissal. Discussions with the voluntary migrants revealed intense labour market competition, bureaucratic hurdles, discrimination and a lack of information as being the key areas of concern. The arrival of Ukrainian migrants has shed light on pre-existing employment challenges in Košice which not only affect migrants but the local population as well.
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SEKURITIZÁCIA MIGRANTOV NA SLOVENSKU – ANALÝZA DISKURZU

75%
Androvičová J.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2015
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vol. 47
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issue 4
319 – 339
EN
Security discourse has been identified as one of the leading perspectives in the field of migration in many countries. Slovakia is not an exception. On contrary, security discourse has been dominant and institutionalized here in practice. The article analyses specific features and rationality of the security discourse in Slovakia through qualitative discourse analysis of key policy documents, laws, parliamentary debates and comments of politicians in the media. Also it focuses on current changes of migration discourse in a broader European and global context. These changes are connected with the growing relevance of so called “migration management” in the migration field.
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MIGRANCI A SPOŁECZNOŚĆ PRZYJMUJĄCA. UWARUNKOWANIA STRATEGII AKULTURACYJNYCH A KONTAKTY ZE SPOŁECZNOŚCIĄ PRZYJMUJĄCĄ

75%
Janeta M.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2011
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vol. 37
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issue 2(140)
251-265
EN
The article describes issues relating to determinants of acculturation strategies in the context of contacts between migrants and the host society. The starting point of the discussion is the presentation of selected models of adjustment strategies. The occurrence of a particular type of adaptation is determined by different factors, which can be divided into two basic groups. On one hand there are external factors, on the other, there are the migrant’s own predispositions and attitudes. Individual determinants constituting each of those groups are subjected to a detailed analysis. At the same time, a particular attention is paid to the changeable character of the interactions between the migrants and the receiving community. The coexistence of all of the above factors leads to their mutual interrelations affecting the complexity and the dynamics of the adjustment process.
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CHANGES IN THE ETHNIC MAP OF WARSAW IN LIGHT OF POLAND'S MIGRATION POLICY (Zmiany na mapie etnicznej Warszawy w swietle polityki migracyjnej panstwa polskiego)

75%
Majewski P.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
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2009
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issue 34
153-171
EN
Nowadays, almost in the blink of the eye, multiculturalism in Warsaw is gaining a new character, but this new character has older, pre-war roots. Today we witness a process in which the 'old' minorities, especially Jews, are replaced by other migrants, mostly Vietnamese. Warsaw attracts, with its economic and social growth, not only people from other parts of Poland but also ethnically varied groups of migrants. Unfortunately, the Polish public sphere is ruled by diversionary issues and policies. One may have an impression then that we have entered an era of political correctness but this has been done without the proper debate concerning its postulates or even attempts to define fuzzy borders between what we can consider as only 'our' (or 'theirs') and what is truly universal. If we do not engage in this debate, it is possible that one day the multiculturalists dream of 'difference' and ethno-nationalists will become the reality. This means that we will wake up in a state in which alienated individuals (both 'true Poles' and migrants) will be individually described only in the frames of fundamentalism with universal aspirations or ethnic ghettos, which are also artificially created with the help of national pop culture.
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SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF THE USER COMMENTS WITH THE THEME OF MIGRATION POSTED AS AN INTERACTIVE CONTENT ON THE HOSPODÁRSKE NOVINY WEBSITE

75%
Balážiová I.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2019
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vol. 22
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issue 3
43 – 61
EN
This paper reflects on the current discourse on migration in the Slovak digital environment. Given the need to examine the perception of migrants, and using the analysis of comments and posts, it captures social events. It views migration from the perspective of online readers of the Hospodárske noviny daily who send their feedback through interactive tools and actively respond to the media news and stories labelled with the "migrants” tag. The new authentic digital content is thereby considered a specific type of content –the so-called "user-generated content” (UGC). The aim of our research is to find out how the active online readers of Hospodárske noviny view migrants in their non-anonymous comments. Using the content analysis method, and implementing the analysis of sentiment in the non-anonymous user comments (linked with their profiles on Facebook), we analyse (A) the specifics of online readers of the Hospodárske noviny daily and (B) the polarity of user comments posted by the online readers as a specific type of UGC. The present paper suggests that society is facing a difficult task to shape a more favourable attitude of the majority population to migrants for their easier integration into society. The changes in the current state of perception of migrants by the readers will be all the more demanding because of the great impact of active media readers and contributors on the development and shaping of attitudes.
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CAPABILITY OF CONTEXT: ACTIVISM AND RESIGNATION AMONG FILIPINO DOMESTIC WORKERS IN LONDON

75%
Wallman S., Hayakawa T.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 2
123 – 133
EN
Labour migrants with uncertain permissions to remain in a new country are especially vulnerable to exploitation. Based on interviews with Filipino domestic workers, this paper explores the variation in migrants’ reaction to their present circumstance. Their response to injustice or neglect may fall anywhere along a continuum from abject resignation to aggressive activism. Our discussion concerns the capability of the context in which the migrant’s response unfolds. We ask: what could happen here? In this context, what kind of response makes better sense? But the answer changes according to the migrant’s focus. In the narrow context of this place at this time activism may not be feasible and what looks like resignation the only option. But if the context of response is expanded to include remittances which will send children to school or parents to hospital; and to visions of a better future back in the home country, then its capability changes. Resignation in the present maybe a strategy actively directed toward future goals. In this light resignation and activism are not fixed and opposite responses. The individual migrant combines them to match the capability of the context in which she defines herself.
12
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MUSLIM MIGRANTS IN BRATISLAVA

63%
Cenker M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2010
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vol. 42
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issue 3
213-236
EN
This paper draws from the ethnographic research of Muslim migrants in Bratislava in Slovakia, which author conducted in the spring and summer of 2009. The author wishes to explain internal dynamics of what is often called the 'Muslim community' in Slovakia and he pays notice to the most important functions of a place these migrants call 'the mosque'. He will question these terms and shows why they are disputable. Even though Islam and migration are heavily debated issues in Europe, there has been very little research on them in Slovakia. This paper wishes to give a better perspective on these themes by approaching them from the 'inside'; from the particular life stories of men and women he met on the site during his fieldwork.
13
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Namysł nad kulturą w kontekście transnarodowości

63%
Gąsior M.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2019
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vol. 45
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issue 2 (172)
305–318
PL
Wychodząc od ogólnej definicji transnarodowości Stevena Vertoveca, w artykule posłużono się czterema z sześciu wyszczególnionych przez niego ujęć wskazanego pojęcia. Transnarodowość jako morfologia społeczna, rodzaj świadomości, forma reprodukcji kulturowej oraz (re)konstrukcja „miejsca” lub lokalności – każde z tych znaczeń stało się przyczynkiem do rozważań związanych z zagadnieniami oscylującymi wokół szeroko i różnorodnie pojmowanej kultury
EN
Starting from the general Steven Vertovec’s definition of transnationalism, this paper uses four out of six of his takes on the mentioned term. Transnationalism as the social morphology, type of consciousness, mode of cultural reproduction and (re)construction of ‘place’ or locality – each of these meanings became a contribution to considerations related to issues oscillating around a broadly and variously understood culture.
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Społeczne zakotwiczenie w klasowo-etnicznych formach tożsamości a integracja polskich i ukraińskich migrantów

51%
Brzozowska A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2018
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vol. 44
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issue 1 (167)
69–99
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badania, którym objęte zostały opublikowane w mediach społecznościowych wypowiedzi migrantów z Polski w Wielkiej Brytanii i z Ukrainy w Polsce. Do analizy wykorzystano koncepcję społecznego zakotwiczania, która odnosi się do procesu poszukiwania życiowych punktów oparcia – kotwic, pozwalających jednostkom na osiągnięcie psychospołecznej stabilizacji i efektywne funkcjonowanie w nowych warunkach. Przeprowadzone badanie wskazało nie tylko na rolę kotwic obiektywnych, takich jak praca zarobkowa, zasoby materialne i warunki instytucjonalne kraju przyjmującego, lecz także na znaczącą rolę kotwic osadzonych w relacjach społecznych. Zarówno migranci z Polski, jak i z Ukrainy zakotwiczają się mentalnie w wyobrażonych wspólnotach, konstruując klasowo-etniczne formy tożsamości, które stanowią ich punkty odniesienia w nowych warunkach społeczno-kulturowych. Polscy migranci budują wspólnoty wyobrażone, wykorzystując jako grupy odniesienia białych Brytyjczyków oraz przedstawicieli mniejszości etnicznych i grup migranckich o pozaeuropejskich korzeniach. Jednocześnie w ich narracjach podkreślane są różnice klasowe i edukacyjne w obrębie społeczności polskich migrantów. Migranci z Ukrainy konstruują tożsamość w odniesieniu do wartości europejskich oraz przedstawicieli społeczeństwa przyjmującego w warunkach znoszenia wszelkich różnic związanych z ich pozycją społeczno-ekonomiczną. W analizowanych narracjach w obu badanych grupach preferowane są postawy prointegracyjne.
EN
The article presents the analysis of posts published in social media by Polish migrants settled in the United Kingdom and Ukrainian migrants in Poland. The paper uses the concept of social anchoring defi ned as the process of searching for points of reference (anchors) which allow individuals to acquire socio-psychological stability and security and function eff ectively in a new life environment. The research showed the role of objective anchors such as employment, economic resources and institutional environment of the destination country as well as the crucial role of anchors embedded in social relations. Migrants from both analysed groups anchored themselves in strategically-imagined communities while constructing their ethnic and class identities that became their points of references in the new socio-cultural environment. In the narratives of Polish migrants in the UK the main reference groups are white, British citizens on one side and members of non-European minorities on the other. At the same time Polish migrants emphasize class and educational diff erences among the Polish community in the UK. In the case of the Ukrainian migrants in Poland the main reference group consists of members of the Polish, homogenous society. They also construct their identities with reference to European values. The research showed that in narratives of both analysed groups a pro-integration attitude is preferred.
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