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SI
Leta 2011 je pri nemški založbi Wallstein izšel roman koroške Slovenke Maje Haderlap, ki je vzbudil veliko pozornost. Roman je prvič nekaj posebnega zato, ker pripoveduje doslej manj znano in tudi pogosto zamolčano zgodbo o trpljenju koroških Slovencev v času druge svetovne vo‑ jne. To zgodbo oživlja pisateljica na osnovi pripovedi svoje babice in drugih sorodnikov, ki so bili med vojno deportirani v nacistična taborišča, ker so jih osumili sodelovanja s partizani. Drugič je roman poseben, ker izpostavlja žensko vojno zgodbo, ki je navadno v zgodovinskih priročnikih marginalizirana. Tretja posebnost romana pa se izraža v dejstvu, da ga je napisala Slovenka v nemškem jeziku. Pisateljica je to utemeljevala s pojasnilom, da ji je nemščina ponujala emo‑ cionalno distanco ter da je snov, ki je bila v nemško govorečem prostoru premalo poznana, želela čim bolj približati avstrijskim oz. nemškim bralcem. V romanu je na osnovi avtobiografskih prvin spregovorila o diskriminaciji Slovencev, pa tudi o zaničevanju in zanikovanju slovenskega jezika. Kljub temu je pisatelj Florjan Lipuš v svojem delu Poizvedovanje za imenom (2013) njen roman v nemščini označil kot jezikovno in nacionalno odpadništvo. Menil je, da bi morali slovenščino na umetniški ravni negovati zlasti tisti, ki so nadarjeni in sposobni, ter da pomeni pisanje litera‑ ture v slovenščini ohranjanje tega jezika pred izginotjem. Njegova kritika jezikovnega prestopa Maje Haderlap v nemščino je zelo ostra tudi zato, ker to ni edini primer pri pisateljih mlajše oz. srednje generacije koroških Slovencev. Roman Maje Haderlap pa je v slovenščino prevedel Štefan Vevar, tudi sam doma s Koroškega. To je še posebno pomembno zato, ker je prevajalec s svojim inovativnim prevodom pokazal ne le na vlogo slovenskega jezika v tem nemško pisanem romanu, temveč je v svoj prevod dodajal še elemente koroškega narečja, ki je bilo prva materinščina tako avtorice romana same kakor tudi njenih literarnih likov. S temi prevajalskimi rešitvami je Vevar ohranjal jezikovno dvoravninskost izvirnika, pokazal pa je tudi na to, da je ta nemško pisani roman tudi slovenski. Avtorica romana pa sodi med pisatelje z dvojno, medkulturno zaznamovano identiteto.
EN
In 2011, the publication house Wallstein published the novel by the Carinthian Slovene Au‑ thor, Maja Haderlap, which attracted a lot of attention. Firstly, the novel is special because it tells a somewhat unknown and oftentimes concealed tale about the agony of the Carinthian Slovenes during the Second World War. This narrative is being revived by the author on the basis of her grandmother’s narration and other relatives, who were deported to Nazi concentration camps during the war because they were suspected of collaboration with the partisans. Secondly, this novel is special because of its emphasis on a woman’s war story which is usually marginalized in historical accounts. The third peculiarity of this novel is demonstrated by the fact that the novel was written by a female Slovene author in the German language. The author substantiated her writing on the rationale that the German language offered her the emotional distance and that she wanted to draw from the subject, which was not well ‑recognized in the German ‑speaking environ‑ ment, being nearer to Austrian rather than German readers. On the basis of the autobiographical elements, she has spoken about the discrimination of the Slovenes and also about the disdain and disavowal of the Slovene language. Nevertheless, the writer, Florjan Lipuš, has labeled her novel as linguistic and national heresy in his work Enquiry for the Name (Poizvedovanje za imenom, 2013). He thought that the Slovene language on the artistic level should be taken care of by those that are gifted and creative and that writing literature in the Slovene language means its preserva‑ tion. His critique of Maja Haderlap’s linguistic crossing into German is also very harsh because this is not the only such case of writers of the younger or middle ‑aged generation of Carinthian Slovenians writing in German. Maja Haderlap’s novel was translated into Slovene by Štefan Vevar, who is himself of Carinthian origin. This is especially important because the translator has demonstrated not only the role of the Slovene language in this novel but also has included in his innovative translation some elements of the Carinthian dialect, which is the mother tongue of the author and her literary characters. With these translation solutions, Vevar preserved the original’s linguistic duality and also demonstrated that this novel, which was written in German, is also Slovene. However, the author of this novel belongs to the group of writers with a double, interculturally designated identity.
EN
This article examines the issue of crossing cultural and linguistic boundaries in the novels of the two Austrian writers who come from the borderland. On the example of fate of a woman, the autobiographical novel Engel des Vergessens by Maja Haderlap presents historical and social conditions determining the memory of the Slovenian minority in Austria, confronted with the official cultural memory of German-speaking Austrians. On the other hand, the case of Emma in Sabine Gruber’s Stillbach oder die Sehnsucht is a close-up of the complex south-ern Tyrolean situation after the annexation of this region by Fascist Italy. The problem of transgression involves both the heroines of the novels and the authors to the same extent.
DE
Das Anliegen dieses Beitrags besteht darin, die Problematik der Überquerung kultureller und sprachlicher Grenzen in den Romanen zweier österreichischer Autorinnen, die aus Grenzgebieten stammen, zu untersuchen. Am Beispiel des Schicksals der weiblichen Figur in Maja Haderlaps autobiographischem Roman Engel des Vergessens werden die das Gedächtnis der slowenischen Minderheit in Österreich determinierenden historisch-gesellschaftli- chen Verhältnisse gezeigt, die dem offiziellen kulturellen Gedächtnis der deutschsprachigen Österreicher gegenübergestellt werden. Im Fall von Emma aus dem Roman Stillbach oder die Sehnsucht von Sabine Gruber wird hingegen die komplizierte Lage der Südtiroler nach der Annexion der Region durch das faschistische Italien näher betrachtet. Hieraus ist ersichtlich, dass das Problem der Transgression die Figuren wie auch die Autorinnen selbst in gleichem Maße betrifft.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie problematyki przekraczania granic kulturo-wych i językowych w powieściach dwóch pisarek austriackich pochodzących w terenów pogranicza. Na przykładzie losów postaci kobiecej w autobiograficznej powieści Engel des Vergessens Mai Haderlap przedstawione zostały uwarunkowania historyczno-społeczne determinujące pamięć mniejszości słoweńskiej w Austrii, skonfrontowaną z oficjalną pamięcią kulturową niemieckojęzycznych Austriaków. W powieści Sabine Gruber Stillbach oder die Sehnsucht przypadek Emmy prezentuje złożoność sytuacji południowych Tyrolczyków po aneksji regionu przez faszystowskie Włochy. Tekst udowadnia, że problem transgresji dotyczy w takim samym stopniu bohaterek utworów, jak i autorek tekstów.
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