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PL
This paper deals with the dramatization of Virgil’s Aeneid created in Frankfurt am Meinz in the second half of the 16th century by Ioannes Lucienbergius. It discusses the text as a scenic adaptation of Roman epic and as typographic work.
EN
Leonhartus Albertus, a poet of the age of Rudolph II, describes in a poem addressed to Heinrich Bohrmann his seal displaying an hourglass, a skull and (cross-?)bones as a sign of human ephemerality. Albertus’ explanation of the three elements is traditional. It is impossible to determine whether Heinrich Bohrmann, whose origin is paraphrased by Dalensis Belga, is identical to Henricus Borman Kessel Dalensis Iuliacus, whom we find in the register of the Faculty of Law in Padua on 9 July 1603. Albertus’ motto Lucem amo, which refers to Jesus Christ and was versified two times by the poet, is in contrast to the seal. The Latin text of all three poems is edited, accompanied by a German translation and commentary.
EN
The article describes Humanist Bohemica in two significant collections of manuscripts – in the Universitätsbibliothek in Leipzig and the Sächsische Landesbibliothek, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek in Dresden. The two manuscript collections contain similar types of Bohemica. One can clearly distinguish two groups of manuscript material: translations of legal and historical writings from Czech into German, made for practical use, and manuscripts related to exiles from the Czech lands after the Battle of White Mountain, their lives in exile and literary activities. Concerning individual items outside these groups, it is worth mentioning the medical treatise by Laurentius Span of Spanov, previously unknown copies of poems by Bohuslaus of Lobkowicz and Hassenstein, and especially the poems by Ioannes Dubravius on the pictures in the collection of the bishop of Wrocław Stanislaw Thurzó.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the image of the city in the sixth eclogue from Adolescentia, a collection of eclogues by the Renaissance poet Baptista Mantuanus. This image is set in the context of the earlier bucolic tradition and the traditions of other genres. The violent depreciation of urban space in Mantunan’s idyll could be interpreted as a manifestation of the famous bucolic city-countryside opposition. Thus, the first part of the article focuses on bucolic poetry created before Mantuan: ancient, medieval and Renaissance idyll. The analysis shows no explicit rejection of urban space in the aforementioned texts, so Mantuan’s depiction of the city cannot be understood as a result of the natural development of the bucolic genre in the Renaissance. The second part of the article focuses on searching for extra-bucolic sources that inspired the Italian poet to include the invective against the city in the idyll. The relationship of the sixth eclogue to the rhetorical and satirical traditions is analysed. Satire three from the collection by the Roman satirist Juvenalis is recognized as the direct source of the attack on the city. The way in which the Italian poet received this satire may have been mediated by the medieval tradition.
PL
The main aim of this paper is to analyze several early-modern Neo-Latin poems written by Polish authors; the poems deal (in different ways) with old age. The poets undertake a kind of intertextual game with the reader, applying various stereotypes and clichés. On can speak about a “semiotic landscape” of old age. The authors taken into consideration are Jan Kochanowski, Grzegorz of Sambor, Thomas Treter (16th century) and Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, Albert Ines (17th century).
EN
Paraklausithyron - a lover’s lament at the closed door of the beloved, desiring entry, is a very old literary and musical motif, deriving from the archaic genre of komos, characteristic for Greek comedy. Paraklausithyron was successfully adopted by Roman literature to become one of the basic motifs of love elegy in the Roman Empire of Augustan times. The present study explores the history of the motif and outlines the main features of its Roman variety. Then, its reception in Italian elegiac poetry of the Renaissance period is presented, and, within this context, the use of the motif in elegies written in Latin and Polish by Jan Kochanowski is discussed. Vigils at the beloved one’s door are presented here as an essential element of an elegiac confession of love containing a characteristic line of arguments and distinguishable key words which, in the course of time, came to substitute the motif and the confession of love itself. The motif also pervaded other forms of modern lyric love poetry, in particular the serenade; just as the elegiac sense of love initiated the sentimental trend in European poetry.
EN
The article presents an elegiac motif of paraclausithyron (a song sung behind the closed door) in the poetical output of a Dutch Latinist, Johannes Secundus (1511−1536). The night vigil behind the closed door experienced by a rejected poet-lover who tries in vain to gain his beloved’s favour and access to her alcove is compared by the Roman elegiacs(Prop. II 17, Tib. I3) to the infernal torments of the mythical heroes: Tantalus, Ixion, Sisyphus and Tytios. Being very close to their goal, yet unable to get the object of their desire, they suffer a great anxiety. This kind of metaphor, taken probably from Lucretius, finds its continuation evenlater (Paulus Silentiarius), and is developed in the Renaissance poetry. Two scandalous paraclausithyra (el.II 5andIII 1) by Secundus –not yet analysed in the light of this convention − seem to be the settlement with ancient masters, who were proudly announcing that each girl could be conquered with their poems (Prop. III 2; Ovid.Am. II 1). At the same time, it is an ironic reinterpretation of Secundus’s own triumphalism, and of his previous belief in the power of his own poetry − the poetry which is actually more important than its subject matter − love. However, behind the closed door and in confrontation with the rival’s money, the song loses its supernatural power and the hurt feeling brings hellish torments to the poet. In the elegiac paraclausithyra the threshold of an inaccessible house defines the lover’s locus horribilis. Stayingin such an inferno brings the desire of revenge and the will to expose the guilty ones to eternal torment. This initiates an eschatological perspective (inscribed in the represented elegiac world), where true lovers receive the Elysian award, while their traitors and rivals − eternal punishment (Tib. I 3; Prop. IV 7, and others Renaissance elegiacs).
EN
The paper is concerned with the transformation of laudatory motives in the epithalamia, from the earliest extant Greek texts, through the nuptial poetic pieces by Catullus, Statius and Claudianus, down to the wedding poetry from the 16th century. Both, the ancient Greek poets, and Catullus as well, used to introduce the motive of praise with a dose of restraint. In other words, the early Greek and Roman poets were focused on the newly married couple. On the contrary, since the Roman Imperial period, it was intended to make the poetic praise more universal and so the poets used to extend the passages with laudatory motives. Therefore, other topics were added, such as the origin of the spouse and the bridegroom. Henry Moller as a poet was quite excessive in the matter of praise. Frankly speaking, his poetry praises everyone and everything: for instance, family members, both those who died not long ago, and those who are alive (epithalamium for Casper Nefelius and Sophia, Nicolaus Richavius’s daughter); the duchy of Baden and the city of Gdańsk (Gratulatio Musarum Gedanensium for Swedish princess Cecilia Vasa and prince Christopher II of Baden); even Jagiellonian king Sigismund II Augustus once became the object of praise, because he was a brother of the female addressee of the poem entitled Auleum Gratiarum (besides, Moller interlaced some political suggestions to the Jagiellonian ruler with the verses). It seems typical to Neo-Latin poets to insert the words of praise in the mouth of fictional characters. However, it is evident that the poetic self-esteem was not an unimportant factor. Over time, the authors of Neo-Latin poetry got used to speaking directly to the reader. Some of them were evident and eager flatterers. In general, we can observe that the epithalamic laudatory motives are in constant transformation. Every epoch, or even culture, has its own inventory of laudatory topics and objects.
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