Search results - CEJSH

1

How are education and minority status connected: The case of Romanian Roma in Wrocław

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Marczak M.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

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2016

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vol. 7

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issue 2

388-397

EN

This paper aims to discuss the connection between compulsory schooling and minority status, and how they are related to differential performance of minorities in national education systems. After describing the theoretical framework based on the works of John Ogbu, I will attempt to present how his Cultural-Ecological Theory of School Performance refers to Romanian Roma community in Wrocław, Poland, which is a group systematically excluded from the dominant society. The analysis suggests that systemic forces act against Roma. This is marked by discrimination towards them in schools and in the labour market. On the side of Roma, mistrust in public institutions, fear of loosing cultural identity and seeing escaping the pariah status as unobtainable leads to lack of investment in formal education.

2

Cikáni v Bulharsku

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Marinov V.

Studia Ethnologica Pragensia

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2018

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issue 1

47-71

EN

Material for this contribution was gathered during research trips carried out since May 17th to June 17th, 1955. In this period the author, who was at that time working at the Institute of Ethnography with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, visited together with Emília Čajánková, by that time an employee of the Institute of Ethnology, Slovakian Academy of Sciences, Gypsies living in the towns and cities of Sofia, Plovdiv, Pleven, Ruse, Varna, Sliven, Kotel, Karnobat, and Beloslav. Data was also gathered by means of the interviews with informants about Gypsies living in the villages of Gradec (Kotel region), Tchalakkioi (Dimotika region), Manolich and Rupcha (Karnobat region), Velko Chivachevo, Binkos, Dragodanovo and Zhelyu-voyvoda (Sliven region), Zaychar, Karageorgievo and Jabalchevo (Aytos region), Belica (Grudov region), Capitain Petko (Kolarovgrad region) and Jagodovo (Asenovgrad region). Pictures used were made by the author; plans of houses were made by the architect Bagra Georgieva. In the text, the author deals successively with the division of Gypsy population in Bulgaria and its 1) occupations and types of subsistence; 2) dwellings, diet, and tools; 3) clothing and adornments. The final section describes the role of the Bulgarian Communist Party in enhancing of the cultural level of the Gypsies in the country.

3

Identifying of European Roma-Gypsy groups with the term „Roma”. Towards consensus?

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Klípa O.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2016

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issue 10

203-217

4

Polityka integracyjna mniejszości romskiej w Szwecji – model i dobre praktyki

100%

Kościółek J.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2014

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issue 5(31/1)

363-377

EN

Sweden is inhabited by the biggest Roma people population among Nordic countries. The community is however very diverse in reference regarding the language spoken, the belief, and origin. For years this particular minority had been marginalized and even persecuted by the Swedish administration. Only since 1999 it gained the national minority status, which resulted in legal protection from the government and farther integration possibilities for the community that suffered social, political and cultural exclusion in the past. Sweden is perceived presently as country with one of the best Roma integration policy, reaching far beyond the EU minimal standards. Malmö is that Swedish city that may play as a pattern for the effective, successful inclusive approach towards Roma community. The discussed solutions implemented by the city council can play as example of conditions to be followed in order to successfully integrate Roma people.

5

Ustawodawstwo Unii Europejskiej wobec mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych - casus romski

100%

Stankiewicz W. M.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2014

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issue 44

82-101

EN

The European Union is still in the stage of creating the system of protection of national and ethnic minorities. Attempts of the European Parliament to improve the situation in the European Union need research and reflection. Social integration is the most important plane guaranteeing European integration, which is the basis for the future functioning of the European Union. The European community, which will be characterized by a common identity, will not be made up of individual countries but nations retaining their own diversity. Despite many efforts of the European Union the situation of the Roma minority has not dramatically improved. The main reasons are insufficient actions by the European Union, corruption of officials, and lack of interest for the Roma community among the Member States. So far, the measures taken have not produced desired results, so it’s necessary to devote more attention to this issue. The European Union needs strong support from other EU institutions and civil society. The main problem that affects the Roma community is long and difficult road to integration and acceptance by the other citizens of the European Union. A common phenomenon is the reluctance to strangers who are victims of discrimination. Strongly rooted stereotypes, lack of tolerance for other cultures proves that even the best-designed programs, as well as initiatives from the European Union are not sufficient. First of all, there is a need for commitment and unforced intercultural education from both the Roma and the rest of society, which will lead to mutual respect for differences. The phenomenon of social exclusion of the Roma minority is often related to their lifestyle, habits and patterns different from the rest of the society. Help which is offered by the European Union and the Member States is generally perceived as an attempt to breach the culture of the Roma minority and replace it with another. That is why the European Union should develop a range of mechanisms and measures that may be accepted by the Roma.

PL

Unia Europejska znajduje się dopiero na etapie tworzenia systemu ochrony mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych, jednak niezbędne będzie podjęcie wielu starań, debat oraz działań, w które koniecznie zaangażowane muszą być wszystkie państwa członkowskie. Próby podejmowane przez Parlament Europejski w celu poprawy sytuacji mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w Unii Europejskiej mogą być odpowiednim impulsem do wstępnych refleksji. Pomimo wielu starań Unii Europejskiej oraz wykorzystania funduszy unijnych sytuacja mniejszości romskiej nie uległa dużej poprawie. Głównymi przyczynami są niedostateczne działania ze strony Unii Europejskiej, korupcja urzędników, a także brak zainteresowania społecznością romską państw członkowskich. Dotychczas podjęte działania nie przyniosły zamierzonych rezultatów, dlatego konieczne jest poświęcenie większej uwagi tej kwestii. Unia Europejska potrzebuje mocnego wsparcia innych instytucji unijnych oraz społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.

6

“There is nothing to fear:” Pitfalls in the analysis of the risk of extremism in relation to socially excluded areas

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Šotola J.

Human Affairs

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2012

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vol. 22

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issue 4

569-578

EN

The goal of this paper is to present action research on the collapsed relations between the Roma minority and the majority population in a single location. The topic of this research emerged as the result of a request from organizations operating in socially deprived areas where the inhabitants anticipated that they might become the target of retaliatory attacks by extremists. Local organizations, along with the police and other institutions, were unable to prevent the resulting spread of panic; the goal of the qualitative research was, therefore, to uncover the mechanism through which panic emerges and spreads, and offer suggestions on how to prevent similar events in the future. The paper presents a reflexive methodology and the initial convictions of the researcher.

7

Meziskupinové kontakty a postoje k Romům v ČR - analýza s využitím smíšených metod výzkumu

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Šmídová M.

Naše společnost (Our Society)

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2018

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vol. 16

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issue 2

53-72

EN

The paper presents an application of a mixed-methods design in the study of interethnic attitudes (prejudice). Its goal is to analyze the relationship between attitudes towards the Roma and contacts with members of this group. Both quantitative and qualitative empirical material is used here and methodologically, the analysis presented seeks to verify the applicability, limits and usefulness of mixed methods for prejudice research. Theoretically, the text is based on the contact hypothesis, which mainly holds that contacts with members of a group that is targeted by prejudice lower the level of prejudice towards the group as a whole. It was formulated by Gordon Allport in the 1950s and developed later by authors like Thomas Pettigrew or Linda Tropp. The premises of the contact hypothesis are applied in the case of attitudes towards the Roma in the Czech Republic. Mixed-methods design provides the methodological framework for this study. A secondary analysis of quantitative surveys (by the Public Opinion Research Centre) is followed (enriched and deepened) by a primary analysis of qualitative semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of members of the Czech majority. This mixed design is intended to achieve more comprehensive and convincing results compared to a single-method (either qualitative or quantitative) approach. Results of the quantitative surveys show that intergroup contact is related to reduced prejudice and that the effect of contact is stronger than that of sociodemographic variables like education or age. At the same time, even among people who have positive contacts with the Roma (as their friends or good acquaintances), the attitudes to this group as a whole (i.e. the Roma as a social category) are only relatively less prejudiced, and the absolute average level of prejudice towards the Roma is quite high even among them. The qualitative part of the research shows mechanisms that can explain both the process of mitigating prejudices and, maybe even more strongly, persistence of prejudices among the people who have contacts. Interview participants argued about “normality of prejudiced attitudes” and “exceptionality” of their Roma friends, which enabled them to have good relations with concrete individuals and at the same time keep negative attitudes to the group as a whole. The data analyzed have several limitations. The quantitative data are cross-sectional, not longitudinal, so causality can be targeted only indirectly. Contact with the Roma is described only by one simple indicator of whether the respondent has a friend or good acquaintance among the Roma. The qualitative data have some limits, too – the sample is highly variable but fails to include people with pronounced prejudices against the Roma or people from the lowest social strata of the society.

CS

V článku je prezentována aplikace smíšeného výzkumu na příkladu mezietnických postojů (předsudků). Cílem bylo zanalyzovat postoje majoritní společnosti k Romům ve vztahu k meziskupinovému kontaktu, tedy zjistit, zda osoby z majoritní společnosti mající nějaký bližší kontakt s romskou minoritou vykazují odlišnou míru předsudečnosti oproti těm, kteří kontakty s Romy jako přáteli nebo dobrými známými nemají. Pro analýzu byla využita kvantitativní data z reprezentativního výzkumu CVVM a kvalitativní data získaná z polostrukturovaných rozhovorů. Na tomto základě je zvažována vhodnost využití smíšeného designu, jeho limity i přínosy pro oblast výzkumu předsudků. Záměrem smíšeného designu je získat komplexnější a přesvědčivější výsledky ve srovnání s použitím jedné metody (buď jen kvantitativní, nebo jen kvalitativní) výzkumu. Teoretické východisko textu představuje kontaktní hypotéza, podle které (specifické) meziskupinové kontakty s jednotlivými členy skupiny vedou ke snížení předsudků vůči celé skupině. Tzv. kontaktní hypotéza byla formulována Gordonem Allportem v 50. letech 20. století a dále byla rozvíjena např. autory, jako jsou Thomas Pettigrew nebo Linda Tropp. Předpoklad kontaktní hypotézy, tj. snížení předsudků díky kontaktům, je ověřován na případě postojů Čechů vůči Romům. Smíšený design užitý ve výzkumu byl založen na sekvenci sekundární analýzy kvantitativních dat (data CVVM) následované sběrem a analýzou kvalitativních dat získaných prostřednictvím polostrukturovaných rozhovorů se vzorkem (purposive sample) členů české majority. Výsledky analýzy kvantitativních dat ukazují, že meziskupinový kontakt souvisí se sníženými předsudky a že statistický vliv kontaktu je silnější než vliv sociodemografických proměnných jako je vzdělání či věk. Současně ovšem platí, že dokonce i mezi lidmi, kteří mají pozitivní přátelské kontakty s jednotlivými Romy, jsou jejich postoje k této sociální kategorii jako celku pouze relativně méně předsudečné a i mezi nimi jsou v průměru předsudky vůči Romům poměrně vysoké. Kvalitativní část výzkumu ukazuje mechanismy, které právě mohou vysvětlit jak proces relativního zmírnění předsudků skrze kontakty, tak také přetrvávání předsudků i mezi lidmi, kteří mají přátelské kontakty s Romy. Účastníci rozhovorů argumentovali například „normálností předsudků“ a „výjimečností“ svých romských přátel, což jim umožnilo mít dobré vztahy s konkrétními jednotlivci a zároveň udržet negativní postoje ke skupině jako celku.

8

Edukacja mniejszości romskiej w Polsce

100%

Przybyszewska D.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 2

153-173

EN

The Roma people make one of the ethnic minorities recognized in Poland. In comparison in education which is based on continuation of their tradition, the Roma education aims at making the transmission of Polish culture more easy. In Poland in the years 2004-2013 the "Programme for the Roma communities". Its most important element was education which makes a sort of challenge. The teacher has to organize the learning process in order to overcome many obstacles. It is necessary to motivate the pupils to work, to integrate the class despite the existing cultural differences, including the initiating cooperation with parents. Gaining trust of the Roma milieu is one of the most important elements having influence on the success of the enterprise of education of children coming from those minorities. It is also important to diminish the social distance of Poles towards them and to getting rid of prejudice and fighting existing stereotypes.

9

Edukacja dzieci romskich – analiza tezy o rzekomej nadreprezentacji dzieci romskich w szkołach specjalnych

100%

Osiecka-Chojnacka J.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2022

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issue 4(76)

234-249

EN

The thesis on overrepresentation was formulated in 2011, based on observations and experiences of support teachers and Roma education assistants, as well as the results of a study showing the problem of the use of inappropriate diagnostic tests. The article indicates the measures, including legal actions, taken in recent years to foster the elimination of the signalled phenomenon. It is acknowledged that these have had positive effects and there has been a reduction in the representation of Roma pupils in special schools. However, the educational situation of Roma children is still not further explored.

10

Ustawodawstwo Unii Europejskiej wobec mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych - casus romski

100%

Stankiewicz W. M.

Sprawy Narodowościowe

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2014

|

issue 44

EN

The legislation of the European Union towards national and ethnic minorities - the case of RomaThe European Union is still in the stage of creating the system of protection of national and ethnic minorities. Attempts of the European Parliament to improve the situation in the European Union need research and reflection. Social integration is the most important plane guaranteeing European integration, which is the basis for the future functioning of the European Union. The European community, which will be characterized by a common identity, will not be made up of individual countries but nations retaining their own diversity. Despite many efforts of the European Union the situation of the Roma minority has not dramatically improved. The main reasons are insufficient actions by the European Union, corruption of officials, and lack of interest for the Roma community among the Member States. So far, the measures taken have not produced desired results, so it’s necessary to devote more attention to this issue. The European Union needs strong support from other EU institutions and civil society. The main problem that affects the Roma community is long and difficult road to integration and acceptance by the other citizens of the European Union. A common phenomenon is the reluctance to strangers who are victims of discrimination. Strongly rooted stereotypes, lack of tolerance for other cultures proves that even the best-designed programs, as well as initiatives from the European Union are not sufficient. First of all, there is a need for commitment and unforced intercultural education from both the Roma and the rest of society, which will lead to mutual respect for differences. The phenomenon of social exclusion of the Roma minority is often related to their lifestyle, habits and patterns different from the rest of the society. Help which is offered by the European Union and the Member States is generally perceived as an attempt to breach the culture of the Roma minority and replace it with another. That is why the European Union should develop a range of mechanisms and measures that may be accepted by the Roma. Ustawodawstwo Unii Europejskiej wobec mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych - casus romskiUnia Europejska znajduje się dopiero na etapie tworzenia systemu ochrony mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych, jednak niezbędne będzie podjęcie wielu starań, debat oraz działań, w które koniecznie zaangażowane muszą być wszystkie państwa członkowskie. Próby podejmowane przez Parlament Europejski w celu poprawy sytuacji mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych w Unii Europejskiej mogą być odpowiednim impulsem do wstępnych refleksji. Pomimo wielu starań Unii Europejskiej oraz wykorzystania funduszy unijnych sytuacja mniejszości romskiej nie uległa dużej poprawie. Głównymi przyczynami są niedostateczne działania ze strony Unii Europejskiej, korupcja urzędników, a także brak zainteresowania społecznością romską państw członkowskich. Dotychczas podjęte działania nie przyniosły zamierzonych rezultatów, dlatego konieczne jest poświęcenie większej uwagi tej kwestii. Unia Europejska potrzebuje mocnego wsparcia innych instytucji unijnych oraz społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.

11

Roma community in Poland as beneficiaries of welfare activities

100%

Słania B.

Praca Socjalna

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2018

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vol. 33(6)

71-90

EN

The topic of the article is the situation of the Roma ethnic group in Poland as beneficiaries of assistance activities in the broad sense of the term – both of the social welfare system, as well as education and labour market institutions. In the first part, a short description of the Roma community in Poland will be presented on the background of other countries of the region, with particular emphasis on their social and living situation and moral changes. The situation of Roma living in Poland as clients of the social welfare sector will be described further along with challenges and dilemmas for social work and designing sectoral policies, including labour market and education, resulting from working in a culturally different environment from the majority society. In the context of multiculturalism policy implementation, the issue of potential possibilities of adapting national social policy to the specific needs and cultural requirements of the Roma ethnic minority will be discussed, as well as examples of good practices will be presented. The text is based on existing data sources, as well as partly on the author's own research conducted due to being prepared PhD dissertation and her personal experience in working with Roma in Małopolska and Upper Silesia.

12

Poskytovanie komplexných služieb v rámci komunitnej a terénnej sociálnej práce ako prevencia pred záškoláctvom a delikvenciou u rómskych detí a mládeže v osade Plavecky Štvrtok

100%

Ordódy D., Florián T.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2016

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issue 3(22)

151-171

EN

Roma are an ethnic group whose ancestors came from India. They left their original homeland in several waves during 9-10. century. Characterized Roma as an ethnic group has tried several ethnographers. Horváthová characterizes Gypsies Roma read: „Gypsies are exterritorial, an ethnic group living in inoetnickom environment as an internally differentiated diaspora.” (1964, In: Koteková, Šimová, Gecková 1998, p. 46.) Dubayová this definition adds: „They are incomplete predtriednou ethnic formation. „(2001, p. 50.) in 1971, in London met Roma representatives from each country and founded the World Romani Union. They agreed on a uniform labeling of his ethnic group the Roma. They agreed on a unified grammar of the Roma language and approved the use of its own flag and anthem. Roma have become a nation, nationality. (Cangár, 2002) According to experts, lives in a world about 12 million Roma. Of the eight million living in Europe. In absolute terms, most of the Roma live in Romania (1.8 to 2.8 mil.). Calculated to the population of the country, however, have the largest Roma community in the world, along with Bulgaria, Slovakia and Macedonia (8-9%). (M. Vašečka, 2000).

13

On Behalf of the People – against Citizens. Criminal Law Jurisdiction of National Committees in Terms of "Punishment" of Romanies in the Former Czechoslovakia

100%

Gecelovský V.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2012

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issue 1

141-148

XX

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14

On the history of Roma schooling in the USA

100%

Hancock I.

Edukacja Międzykulturowa

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2021

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vol. 14

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issue 1

109-122

EN

The paper comprises a retrospective overview of the educational situation of the Roma in the USA. In contrast to the European situation, efforts to establish schools for Romanies in the United States have been both few in number and - with only a couple of limited exceptions - unsuccessful. There are approximately one million Romanies in the USA, a number which is slowly growing and till now there are any schools established for Romanies to learn their mother tongue or to get integrated in the mainstream educational system of the USA.

15

Vzdělání a výchova (u) Romů aneb education vs. schooling

88%

Budilová L. J., Jakoubek M.

Studia Ethnologica Pragensia

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2018

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issue 1

86-94

EN

The text focuses on the issue of Roma education in the Czech Republic. Starting from the general view, held by the majority society, that Roma are deficient in the sphere of education, the authors offer another perspective in the understanding of Roma education. Their analysis, based on the conceptual framework suggested by Judith Okely (1984), and distinguishing education and schooling shows that the transmission of knowledge and competences between generations in Roma families (education) is accomplished in different ways and by different means than in the majority society (schooling). The transmission of knowledge typical of Roma families is often judged through ethnocentric perspective of the majority society, it is not, however, worse, but different.

16

Roma immigrants in Western Europe – the example of France and Italy

88%

Talewicz-Kwiatkowska J.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2015

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issue 1(31/2)

111-121

EN

The expansion of the European Union and the accession of ten new EU member states in 2004, as well as the accession of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, meant that the new borders of the EU came to encompass most of the Roma minorities living on the Old Continent. The Roma, as well as being the largest ethnic group in modern Europe, are also its most marginalised group. They have been and continue to be ostracised, excluded from society, and discriminated against on all possible social levels. I will focus on the mass exodus of the Roma to Western Europe, which was triggered by the accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union. Thousands of new Roma emigrants moved to the West in search of a better life, without possessing jobs, health care or social insurance, living en masse in camps on the edge of towns and cities. The beginning of the global economic crisis in 2008 and this massive influx of Roma immigrants living in extreme poverty was an explosive mix which led to a deepening and intensification of Anti‑Roma feeling in Western Europe creating a radicalisation of policy concerning Roma.

17

National Minorities in Brno. The Cultural Heritage of Roma in Excluded Locations

88%

Pospíšilová J., Poláková J., Brožovičová K.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2015

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vol. 25

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issue 5

18 - 34

EN

During the last century, the multi-ethnic character of Brno changed in reaction to political and economic changes in the Czech Republic. The article is based on qualitative research on the national minorities in Brno and participating observation between 2007 and 2014. It offers a brief and informative overview of ethnological research in Brno since the late 1950s and changes in the methodological access to research on the town from the perspective of ethnology. A separate sub-chapter is devoted to the most important national minorities and ethnic groups. It draws attention to the census in the Czech Republic when its official data are in contrast to the qualified estimations (especially in terms of the number of the Roma). The contribution pays attention to the ethic, social and cultural development of the Roma and offers an informative and analytical view of the process of modernization and gentrification in the socially excluded location of Cejl in the district of Brno-North where a high percentage of the Roma live. In this town district are the most important cultural and educational and social facilities for the Roma (Museum of Romani Culture, various non-profit organizations) which attend to the preservation of cultural heritage of this Czech ethnic minority, among other things. The process of gentrification which is running here now influences the ethnic and social composition of the residents and thus the social culture of this town district. Development is heading towards the displacement of socially weak residents – mainly the Roma – which is in contrast to the intention of the subsidy principles of the European Union and the Integrated Development Plan for the City.

18

From neoliberal restriction to control of the Roma-towards post-neoliberal ethnic welfare

88%

Trlifajová L., Pospíšil F.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2023

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vol. 59

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issue 6

665-692

EN

The article examines how neoliberal reforms can pave the way for welfare racialisation, turning a delegitimised minimum-income scheme into a tool for racial-hierarchy enforcement. We follow the development of Czech minimum-income scheme legislation from 2014 to 2021, after a series of neoliberal (workfarist) reforms reinforced the restrictive and controlling aspects of the system. The analysed period is characterised by the greater involvement of politicians representing the poorest regions of the Czech Republic and by calls for further restrictions. Analysing parliamentary debates from this period, we show that the delegitimised social system is no longer understood as a tool of social protection or even labour market inclusion; rather, it has become a tool of ethnic hierarchisation, which particularly resonates in the context of perceived socioeconomic insecurity. We propose the term ‘post-neoliberal ethnic welfare’ to describe this emerging system, which derives its legitimacy from neoliberal categories of deservingness and reduces social-protection systems into a performative tool of control over the Roma population.

19

Role učitele při ovlivňování a zmírňování interetnického napětí ve společnosti

88%

Balvín J.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

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2015

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issue 8

77-91

EN

The article deals with pedeutology and intercultural problems, and that is teachers’ attitudes towards Roma children and their parents. It is the reaction on discrimination acts on Roma in Czech Republic in the years 2012–2013.

20

Případy koexistence dvou variant romštiny na stejném území na Slovensku

88%

Lípa J.

Studia Ethnologica Pragensia

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2018

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issue 1

95-101

EN

In this article I want to present some observations on the parallel existence of two varieties of Romani in the same territory, even in the same village. I worked with Gypsies in Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1970. There is an almost general impression in Western Europe and in other continents that all Gypsies lead basically a nomadic way of life. In reality, in Eastern Europe where the majority of Gypsies are living, a substantial number of them had settled many generations ago and as a result have developed some features different from the Gypsies who have continued the nomadic way of life. Often, sedentary and nomadic Gypsies speak different varieties of Romani.

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