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1
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Bulgarian verbal forms and their modal and temporal meaning

100%
Koseska-Toszewa V.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2004
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vol. 39
229-250
EN
Any Bulgarian philologist will be surprised by so numerous verbal forms with temporal and modal meanings in the Bulgarian language. Those forms' meanings are not redundant. Net representation of temporal and modal meanings of Bulgarian verbal forms fully reflects the temporal and modal system of the Bulgarian language. It proves that even such a complicated verbal system as Bulgarian can be described with the help of a simple model of Petri nets concepts, i.e. the concepts of state, event and their combination, the speech state and conditionality law.
2

NA OBRANU VÁGNOSTI

80%
Démuth A., Števček M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2021
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vol. 76
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issue 4
237 – 251
EN
Philosophers often consider vagueness (a linguistic expressions admits of unclear or borderline cases of application) to be an undesirable phenomenon. The authors of the text reject the existence of ontological vagueness, and, in cooperation with T. Williamson, they find the roots of vagueness in insufficient understanding. Apart from epistemological vagueness, though, they advocate for the existence of semantic vagueness, stemming from the ambiguity and inconsistency of boundaries and ranges of linguistic expressions. While agreeing with the impossibility of complete elimination of semantic vagueness, the authors point to its possible advantage in daily communication and its possible progressiveness in the search for newer, better understanding.
3

PERSPEKTÍVY INFERENCIALIZMU V SÉMANTIKE MORÁLNEHO DISKURZU

80%
Spodniak S., Kováčová D.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2022
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vol. 77
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issue 3
205 – 221
EN
The aim of the paper is to point out that semantic inferentialism is a suitable semantic theory of moral discourse. This aim is pursued by comparison of semantic inferentialism with another two popular semantic approaches to moral discourse, namely representational and expressivist approaches. While the representionalism claims that statements gain their meanings by representing certain states of affairs, the expressivist semantics claims that the meanings of moral statements consist in the emotions or desires we express by them. Thesis of this paper is that semantic inferentialism is a promising semantic theory of moral discourse because it allows us to take the position that moral statements are meaningful without assuming the existence of controversial entities in the form of objective ethical facts, and at the same time, it does not require us to interpret moral discourse merely as a means for expressing our emotions and desires.
4

VERBAL FLUENCY AND ITS DETERMINANTS (Fluencja slowna i jej uwarunkowania)

80%
Gawda B., Szepietowska E. M.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
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2011
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vol. 23
63-90
EN
The research which use the tasks of verbal fluency show the essential diagnostic value of them in reference to clinical analyses. The psychological models explaining mechanisms of fluency were not created. The different factors which modify verbal fluency are presented in the literature. The aim of the study is to discuss the types of verbal fluency, the indicators of its realization as well as the variables modifying its realization, supported by results of own research on 200 people group in the age of 18-70. The participants have done five tasks: associative verbal fluency, semantic fluency (animals, fruits) and affective fluency (positive, negative). Each task took one minute. Results of verbal fluency tasks have been modifying by set of variables such as age, sex, education, anxiety trait, tendency to positive mood as well as tendency to negative mood. The interactions between many variables were observed. The model of determinants of verbal fluency was proposed.
5
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On the Assumptions of the Syntactical-Semantical Description of Natural Languages

80%
Karolak S.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2004
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vol. 39
219-228
EN
The article presents a list of assumptions, on which the concept of the syntax with the logical-semantical basics is grounded. In particular, it is stressed that the structure of syntax consists of two components. One component, which is higher in the hierarchy, constitutes a collection of concepts and a collection of the rules for their competitiveness; the second component, which is subordinate to the first one, consists of the collection of expressions/phrases and the rules for their competitiveness. The first component is of a general linguistic nature and the second component is of a specific linguistic nature. The logical-semantical assumptions of the syntax model are presented in detail on the basis of the Polish materials borrowed from the book entitled 'Podstawowe struktury skladniowe jezyka polskiego' (The Basic Syntactical Structures of the Polish Language). They constitute the basis for the project entitled 'Gramatyka konfrontatywna bulgarsko-polska' (The Confrontational Bulgarian-Polish Grammar) and for the international Slavic project entitled 'Skladnia porównawcza jezyków slowianskich drugiej polowy XX wieku' (The Comparative Syntax of the Slavic Languages of the Second Half of the XX Century) carried out at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In accordance with the described syntax model, we have provided the descriptions of specific internal categories of proposal. The said descriptions constitute the semantical category of definiteness/indefiniteness and the semantical category of aspect which constitutes the categorical component of the above-mentioned The Confrontational Bulgarian-Polish Grammar.
6
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Świat malowany słowem. Analiza pola semantycznego nazw barw w Máju Karla Hynka Máchy

70%
Balowska G.
Bohemistyka
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2011
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vol. 11
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issue 4
277-288
EN
Authoress, in her article, presents semantic field of colours in the most important work of Czech romanticism entitled Máj written by Karel Hynek Mácha. She classifies names of colours expressed with use of nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs according to the following bands of the rainbow. Besides that, she also lists lexemes, which are expressing intensity of light’s saturation and effect of glitter. Authoress comes to the conclusion, that important place in the description of May’s adventure is taken by play of lights as well as capture of transitory light contrasts by Karel Hynek Mácha.
7
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Maszyny i symbole (I) – semantyczne aspekty cybernetyki i automatyzacji

70%
Boruszewski J.
Filo-Sofija
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2011
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vol. 11
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issue 1(12)
397-425
EN
This article is the first part of the cycle titled “Machines and symbols”. The main issue of this cycle may be formulated as a question: can machines and technical devices operate with symbols? A very important problem raised in this essay is the difference between symbols and signals. The concept of signal is also broadly discussed in the paper, because there are many different definitions of this concept. The present text contains semantic and philosophical considerations concerning cybernetics, mathematical theory of communication, industrial semiotics and semio-technics. In these theories, terms “symbol” and “signal” are often used interchangeably which leads to misconceptions. One of the most frequent misconceptions is confusing discrete signals with symbols. The author focused on communication systems where machines are senders and humans are receivers, because descriptions of these systems tend towards anthropomorphization of a machine-sender. This tendency makes signals sent out by machines treated as symbols comprehensible by a human-receiver. Another interesting aspect of machine-human communication systems is the treatment of a human-receiver as some kind of machine. Such an idea is called “mechanomorphism”.
8
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VNÚTORNÉ OBRAZY U KRESŤANSKÝCH MYSTIKOV. LITERÁRNO-SÉMANTICKÁ CHARAKTERISTIKA

61%
Kučerková M., Režná M.
World Literature Studies
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2014
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vol. 6 (23)
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issue 1
3 – 20
EN
The study offers a literary-semantic characteristic of the interior image in the writings of Christian or Roman Catholic mystics. The start point are several poetics which, from the point of view of literary-historical and cultural development, hold a relevant position their national literatures, but at the same time take part in the formation of a supra-national, universal, artistic mystical language, demonstrating – as seen in religionist approaches (e.g., M. Eliade) – several parallel and interior relations with mystical experiences in other religions. We understand the interior image as an image created in the consciousness of the mystic during a contemplative state and which the author later seeks to express in his work through language in a way that would preserve the semantic-value identity of the “seen”. It is the result of a so-called imaginative vision, and therefore has an analogic character: it is impossible to decode it literally, straightforwardly or without the knowledge of symbolic-connotative paradigm of Christianity and its imagination of the world.
9

CONTRASTIVE STUDIES AND SEMANTIC INTERLANGUAGE

61%
Koseska-Toszewa V., Korytkowska M., Roszko R.
Cognitive Studies
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2009
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issue 9
33-52
EN
The analysis of the language confrontation issues presented in the paper shows the imperfection of the results of research where two or more languages are compared based on a formal inventory, i.e. the so-called morpho-syntactical features and values. The use of interlanguage as a language of consistent and simple notions helps overcome the formal barrier, and ensures that the individual confronted languages are always referred to the same meaning plane, known traditionally as tertium comparationis. The results of research on natural languages obtained based on a confrontation with a semantic interlanguage are comparable and have an equal status. The approach presented in the Part 2 motivates syntactical phenomena by semantic features of predicative units, as well as by the specific structure of the argument places opened by those units. The objects contained within those places are carriers of states in the sense of net theory, but describing that sphere solely by its relations to states and events does not exhaust the whole problem area. The paper presents an outline of an apparatus of analysis starting with the semantic plane, in which the elements of the interlanguage are classes of semantic predicates and the set of 'predicate- argument positions' defined by positions at possibly simple predicates. The paper also shows problems connected with the condensation phenomena. As an effect of such phenomena, some elements of the semantic structure are only realized superficially, and functions of argument phrases might be sometimes neutralized.
10
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Obraz převráceného světa. K úvahám Petra Chelčického o společnosti

51%
Boubín J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2010
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vol. 108
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issue 4
593-614
EN
The article is devoted to social concepts of the Hussite thinker Peter Chelcicky (b. around 1380 – d. before 1460). The main attention is focused on his image of a world turned upside down, in which falsehood dominates the truth and nearly everything is the reverse of what it seems to be. Although the fundamental features of this concept were commonly present in medieval thinking, Chelcicky did expand them greatly and they became the starting point of his revolutionary sociological thoughts and his devastating critique of society. This study also deals with the issue of how his notion of a world turned upside down influenced the language and vocabulary of Chelcicky’s writings.
11
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Diátesis y Tipología Lingüística: El Caso de Los Diatetizadores Románicos

36%
Bauca i Sastre A.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 1
1-21
EN
The diathesizer (DIAT) is a morpheme whose main function is the insertion of the verbal category of the diathesis. It represents a valid, and up to now almost unexplored, criterion for the typological classification of languages. The present article is a particular instance of application to the Romance case: On the basis of the language 'convergence' among the different varieties, it proposes an alternative typology; apart from improving our knowledge about the concept of diathesis, it sets the path for more general conclusions regarding the nature of languages, their evolution and change.
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