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Tłumacz: między rzemieślnikiem a agentem

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EN
The task of the literary translator is commonly understood as comprising of two major elements. One is that of a translation proper - that is, a “conversion” of an original text into a new linguistic version, and the other being that of an agent or promoter who wants to attract attention of publishers, readers and critics. The question is whether the latter of the two remains justifiable in the changing book market. The article, based on a questionnaire conducted among a group of active translators, argues that the role of a translator as a promoter remains important only in very particular cases.
EN
This interview has been done at the occasion of The Grant Prize delivered by The Lewis Carroll Society of North America to the Slovak edition of Lewis Carroll’s books Alica v krajine zázrakov and Za zrkadlom a s čím sa tam Alica stretla, in English Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There, which were published by Slovart, illustrated by Dušan Kállay, and co-translated by Viera Vojtková a Juraj Vojtek. It presents two main events organised by the Society at the 150th anniversary of publication of the book in England – the introduction of a three volume set (LINDSETH, J. A. (ed.): Alice In a World of Wonderlands. The Translations of Lewis Carroll´s Masterpiece. New Castle, Delaware : Oak Knoll Press and The Lewis Carroll Society of North America, 2015. 2656 p.), and the exhibition of Lewis Carroll’s masterpieces translated into more than 200 languages of the world. It serves to one of the awarded creators of the book, to Full Prof. Juraj Vojtek, as a starting point to give a thought on such questions as what is a translation, what are its limits and what is its place in communication, from the viewpoint of a practical translator.
EN
The article presents the results of a questionnaire in which I asked theatrical translators about e.g. their education, number of plays translated, opinion about the specific nature of translating for theatre, attitude to adaptations, the biggest satisfactions and disappointments related to working on translations of theatre plays. The comparison and interpretation of answers sent by 25 translators, mostly living in France and translating into French, are complemented by the points of view of two Polish respondents as well as by information about the profile of theatrical translators in the United Kingdom and Italy, information from the latest scholarly publications devoted to this field of translation.
EN
The article presents the results of a questionnaire in which I asked theatrical translators about e.g. their education, number of plays translated, opinion about the specific nature of translating for theatre, attitude to adaptations, the biggest satisfactions and disappointments related to working on translations of theatre plays. The comparison and interpretation of answers sent by 25 translators, mostly living in France and translating into French, are complemented by the points of view of two Polish respondents as well as by information about the profile of theatrical translators in the United Kingdom and Italy, information from the latest scholarly publications devoted to this field of translation.
EN
The article is an attempt to answer the question of how the writer sees the work and role of the translator. The research tool was a survey comprising eight open questions which the present author presented to five Polish literary writers: Marek Krajewski, Olga Tokarczuk, Przemysław Wojcieszek, Małgorzata Sikorska-Miszczuk and Zyta Rudzka. The article contains a synthesis of their replies to questions concerning the emotions generated by the fact they are translated, their vision of the translator’s work, its creative/reproductive nature, copyright on the translated text, responsibility for the success/failure of the translated work, the role of the author and the translator as intercultural mediators.
EN
The main subject of Brice Matthieussent’s novel Vengeance du traducteur [The Translator’s Revenge] is the relations between the translator and the author of the original. These relations are hierarchical and are illustrated with valuating elements depending on the place within a vertical structure, where the bottom — symbolic translator’s area — is perceived negatively, while the top, “belonging” to the author, is perceived positively. The present article contains an analysis of those aspects of the novel (typographic, stylistic and plot-related) that are involved in the construction of the picture of “spatial,” axiologically-marked relations between the translator and the author. Through this we want to demonstrate that the stereotypical approach to the translator as a figure subordinated to the author is just a starting point for showing a dynamic figure, full of contradictions, under constant tension between depression and elation, re-creator and at the same time creator (of the translation).
EN
This article analyses the past figure of the translator through metaphorical representations of translation. Indeed, from Ciceron onwards, translation, but also its various manifestations, has beenmore metaphorised than defined or explained. The first part of the analysis deals with positive as well as negative metaphors on translation and the translator, while the second part is more concerned with the metaphors that have been used to characterise, advocate or reject different types of translation.
EN
In the analytical models proposed by the Translation Studies after the Cultural Turn of the 1990s, the figure of a translator as a key actor in the process of intercultural communication and a subject of culture creation, while becoming a central category, has undergone various re-definitions and re-conceptualizations. Placing the translator in the very centre of the analysis of translation and acknowledging his visibility both in the history of translations and the structure of texts, calls for rethinking of other categories in the discourse and for a new delimitation of the field of research for Translation Studies. In the present paper I compare two models of understanding of the figure and position of a translator as emerging from the works of Polish and English-language researchers, published in the 1990s and later, during the period of Cultural Turn in Translation Studies. One of these models, clearly visible in Polish research, is based on the binary opposition between the original and the translation, where the position of the translator is perceived as inferior to the one of the author. This results in an axiological and critical character of the description of the role he plays. What gains prominence are the differences between the two texts. They are inevitably treated as mistakes or imperfections the translator is blamed for. The other model I infer mainly from the work of Anglophone scholars leaves the area of purely textual analysis and looks at the figure of a translator in historical and biographical contexts, against the backdrop of his times and circumstances. Within this model translation is perceived descriptively as a creative process and not as a product to be assessed for some kind of idealized quality, so the translator is not charged with “infidelity” but seen as a decision making subject. The differences between the two models shed light on the paradigms they stem from as well as on the characteristics of the language of Translations Studies. But most of all they point to the opening or closing of further perspectives for research in translation. The aim of the present paper is to describe how the discourse of Translation Studies reveals its underlying assumptions and how the description of the figure and role of a translator informs the general analysis of translation as a cultural phenomenon.
EN
The article focuses on agents facilitating translation and interpreting and provides a sociological probe into the particulars of inter-lingual intercultural transfer in Slovakia on the background of political and economic specifics of the region. The observed tendencies seem to point to the fact that in the past half century, despite the changes brought about by the Velvet Revolution, the social standing of translators and interpreters has been less determined by officially proclaimed ideologies than economic forces. From the legislative point of view, language policies have had a significant impact on the phenomena in question.
EN
Although born in the United States, Andrej Vrbacky (1908-1974) came from the Slovak Lowland. His parents returned to Vojvodina shortly after his birth. From his early years, Vrbacky worked on two-way Yugoslavian-Czechoslovak route in two parallel professions - as a journalist and as a translator. He had wide contacts, broad thematic coverage in journalist and translational activities. Vrbacky lived in Yugoslavia, but it was not in the way of his cooperation with Bratislava and Kosice theaters. From 1933 to 1945, he was the main supplier of translations for Slovak professional stages - he prepared translations for 13 productions. The bibliography for the years 1938-1945 contains 54 entries of book translations and professional stage productions, and there are eighteen entries for the name of Andrej Vrbacky, representing 33% of the total production - no other translator was involved in the total production of translations from Croatian and Serbian on such a scale. On the other hand, he translated Ivan Stodola's plays Jozko Pucikk and His Career, Tea at Mr. Senator's, Bankinghouse Kuwich and Comp. into Serbo-Croat. Vrbacky's productivity and basic features of his translation program, or rather translation strategy, are evident throughout the all fields of dramatic arts - the author does not mean only translation of dramas that came out in the press and staged in amateur theatre, but also Vrbacky's pioneering collaboration with the Slovak Radio, which he supplied with many translations and his own adaptations of dramas written by South Slavic authors. After the period presented in this article, Vrbacky still worked as a journalist and a translator and until his late years he was a productive and inventive translator. Ample translational and popularizational work of Andrej Vrbacky is an important pillar of Slovak - Yugoslavian relations of the 20th century and the extraordinary contribution to Slovak culture and the culture of South Slavic nations.
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