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1

The Catholic Concepts of the Faith and Tolerance: Inspirations of Paweł Włodkowic

100%

Zyzak W.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2016

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vol. 6

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issue 1

PL

Paweł Włodkowic – Latin Paulus Vladimiri (1370-1435): Catholic priest, scholar, jurist, religious and political writer, rector of the Jagiellonian University, defender of Polish interests in disputes with Knights of the Teutonic Order. Paweł Włodkowic was an early teacher of the idea of tolerance, who during the Council of Constance stated that pagan nations have the right to maintain their religious beliefs. Based on the major theological authority of that time, i.e. Saint Thomas Aquinas, Włodkowic could, in the very concept of faith in the Catholic Church, see the most important elements requiring tolerance. The point is, above all, that faith must be an act of human freedom, that it is God’s grace and that it is closely related to reason. These elements have been commented on by authorities such as Edith Stein and Joseph Ratzinger.

2

Mendelssohn’s Jerusalem (1783) and the Jewish Vision of Tolerance

88%

Feiner S.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2021

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issue 2

89-106

EN

Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786) wrote Jerusalem with his back to the wall. His Jewish identity and liberal outlook were challenged in the public sphere of the German Enlightenment, and this was his last opportunity to write a book that would perpetuate the essence of his faith and his values as the first modern Jewish humanist. The work, which moves between apologetics for his faith and political and religious philosophy was primarily a daring essay that categorically denied the rule of religion and advocated tolerance and freedom of thought. Neither the state nor the church had the right to govern a person’s conscience; and, no less far-reaching and pioneering: these values are consistent with Judaism. In the summer of 1783, seven years after the resounding voice of protest against tyranny and in favor of liberty and equality was heard in the American Declaration of Independence, less than six years before the French Revolution, but only two years and two months before his death, the man who was called the “German Socrates,” a highly prominent figure in the Enlightenment, published one of the fundamental documents in Jewish modernity. Jerusalem did not propose a compromise, a middle-ground solution to the tension between religion and the state and to the world suspended between the old and the new, where the Jews were caught in the modern age. His positions were decisive, and, in the context of his time, even radical. Regarding war and religious fanaticism, the power of the church, excommunication, and religious coercion. Mendelssohn was uncompromising and showed himself as a daring Jewish revolutionary. In his view, the collision between religion and the state was catastrophic for all of humanity. His vehement critique of all forms of oppression makes Jerusalem—beyond being a defense of the Jewish religion—a model of Enlightened European culture. This was a great call for reform of the world by abolishing the coercive power of religion and, at the same time, for “true Judaism,” enabling modern Jews to preserve their cultural and religious identity as the vanguard of tolerance and enlightenment. In the twenty-first century, when the values of the Enlightenment are under attack, Mendelssohn remains more than ever a relevant philosopher.

3

Écrire contre l’intolérance : l’Historia de Morte Serveti de Sébastien Castellion

88%

Wierciochin G.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2015

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vol. 42

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issue 3

97-113

EN

The lutheran Reformation causes a explosion of different sects in the 16th century. In view of the many heresies that arise, religious tolerance becomes an urgent issue. The French reformer Sébastien Castellion, living in exile in Basel, refers to scriptural knowledge in order to face the widespread excessive violence in the name of orthodoxy. He takes Jean Calvin’s case against Michael Servetus in 1553 in Geneva as an occasion to write his Historia de Morte Serveti, a short pamphlet, in which he criticizes emphatically the death sentence in one of the first reformed trials of reformed heterodoxy.

4

The Paradoxes of Tolerance: A Deconstructive View

88%

Tskhadaia G.

Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

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2021

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vol. 53

25-41

EN

The neo-Kantian, deontological liberal theory seeks to overcome the paradoxes of tolerance. It claims to accomplish this task by grounding tolerance in purportedly universal higher-order moral reasoning. I argue that in reality, such an approach cannot separate tolerance from particular ethical norms or empirical realities. For this reason, it cannot resolve the paradoxes of tolerance. However, I contend there is another path to account for the value of tolerating “others”. Jacques Derrida’s deconstruction provides us the way to retain the necessarily particularistic character of tolerance, without forfeiting its context-transcending, “universalistic” potential. In this article, I show that the paradoxes of tolerance need to be maintained as quasi-transcendental structures, instead of being discarded in the name of higher-order moral reasoning.

5

Edukacja wobec wartości życia politycznego. Problemy wybrane

75%

Kolarzowski J. J.

Prakseologia

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2005

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issue 145

95-109

EN

Tzvetan Todorov in conclusion of his book “A New World Disorder. An European’s Reflections” indicates six values, which should determine the future of our continent. These are: rationality and justice, democracy and individual freedom, tolerance and secularity. These values function in the social – political life as mutually dependent things. There exists a need for an enormous effort to think and act in a rational way in the unjust environment. At present the freedom of an individual cannot be realized without guarantee from democracy. Tolerance has the guarantee of its realization when secularity, along with religious attitudes, becomes a rightful outlook on life, binding mainly in public life. The relationships between these notions are neither simple nor parallel. This also concerns relationships between unequal ideas being subject to evolution.

6

Political correctness, czyli o etycznej wrażliwości języka

63%

Leśniak A.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2017

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vol. 313

147-160

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja zjawiska politycznej poprawności i jej wpływu na językową komunikację. Wyrastając ze słusznego skądinąd programu sprawiedliwości i otwartości na drugiego człowieka, ma w swym podstawowym zamierzeniu polegać na unikaniu w dyskursie publicznym stosowania obraźliwych słów i zwrotów oraz zastępować je wyrażeniami bardziej neutralnymi. Opiera się na założeniu, że stosowanie obraźliwego, atakującego języka przyczynia się do zwiększenia poziomu uprzedzeń oraz wyrządza krzywdę przedstawicielom dyskryminowanych grup. Co jednak zrobić, jeśli tego typu działania mogą służyć wprowadzaniu językowej autocenzury lub być początkiem manipulacji, tym bardziej, że nieuchronne stają się nawiązania i porównania do orwellowskiej nowomowy, a to znane nam z historii doświadczenia.

EN

The purpose of this article is to present the phenomenon of political correctness and its impact on the linguistic communication. Growing up with the right program of justice and openness to the other person has in their primary intention to rely on avoiding the public discourse the use of offensive words and phrases and replace them with more neutral expressions. It is based on the assumption that the use of offensive, attacking language helps to increase the level of prejudices and harms representatives of discriminated groups. But what if this type of activity can help to implement the linguistic self-censorship or to be the beginning of manipulation, perhaps more sophisticated and at a higher level, but still, all the more reason, that references and comparisons to Orwellian newspeak are becoming inevitable, and these are the experiences we know from history.

7

Kapitał kreatywny i jego pomiar

63%

Podogrodzka M.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2016

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vol. 276

72-82

PL

Artykuł przedstawia propozycje pomiaru kapitału kreatywnego zaprezentowane przez różne ośrodki badawcze, w tym również dla Polski. Dokonano także oceny przestrzennej korelacji różnych komponentów tego kapitału i stwierdzono, że nie zawsze uzyskane wyniki prowadzą do podobnych wniosków.

EN

The article is presenting various proposals of the measurement of creative capital, including for Poland. They also made an appraisal of spatial correlation of different components of this capital and they stated that not always achieved results caused similar conclusions.

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2 Studia Ekonomiczne

1 Analiza i Egzystencja. Czasopismo Filozoficzne

1 Dialogue and Universalism

1 Prakseologia

1 Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

1 The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

1 Feiner S.

1 Kolarzowski J. J.

1 Leśniak A.

1 Podogrodzka M.

1 Tskhadaia G.

1 Wierciochin G.

1 Zyzak W.

2 2021

1 2017

2 2016

1 2015