Search results - CEJSH

1

Dyrektywy prezydenckie Donalda Trumpa

100%

Lewicki Z.

Sprawy Międzynarodowe

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2017

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issue 4

27-48

EN

When Donald Trump became president, many voiced concern that rather than working with Congress, he would use the power of presidential actions, as he himself seemed to indicate. Yet in the first eleven months of his presidency, Trump’s use of presidential directives remained quite restricted. He used them sparingly and within numerical limits set by his predecessors. Analyses presented in the article clearly confirm this, both in general terms and in Trump’s use of specific categories of presidential actions, from the most significant executive orders to relatively unimportant presidential sequestration orders. From this perspective, Donald Trump is simply another U. S. chief executive, working through Congress whenever possible and resorting to unilateral decisions only when absolutely necessary.

2

Kongres i Biały Dom w polityce zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych w pierwszym roku prezydentury Donalda Trumpa

100%

Kozłowski G.

Sprawy Międzynarodowe

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2017

|

issue 4

49-64

EN

Relations between Congress and the White House in the first year of Donald Trump’s presidency are not easy to define. President Trump has set the tone with his “America First” rhetoric, but his foreign policy cannot be described as isolationist. There is a tendency to withdraw support for multilateral instruments (UNESCO, Paris Agreement or free trade agreements), but the White House has been standing firm on his obligations vis-à-vis NATO allies. The role of Congress in these policies is vital but limited. It preserves a say in the most important issues, including the policy towards the Kremlin, North Korea or Iran, but it cannot prevent U.S. withdrawal from certain multilateral commitments.

3

Możliwe kierunki polityki handlowej Stanów Zjednoczonych za prezydentury Donalda Trumpa

100%

Słomińska B., Wąsiński M.

Sprawy Międzynarodowe

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2017

|

issue 1

25-41

EN

A reform of U.S. trade policy was among the priorities of Donald Trump’s campaign. Guidelines of the new policy developed by Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross and Peter Navarro, head of the National Trade Council, were then included in the Presidential Trade Agenda for 2017. A lower trade deficit is a key target seen by the new administration as a prerequisite for boosting economic growth. Duties and taxes are to be introduced to countervail unfair practices, which are among the sources of the deficit. The new administration’s preference for bilateral rather than multilateral agreements is reiterated. Keeping with his campaign promises, Trump has signed executive orders to withdraw the U.S. from Trans-Pacific Partnership and to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement

4

Uwarunkowania wewnętrzne polityki energetyczno-klimatycznej Stanów Zjednoczonych i jej implikacje dla partnerów zagranicznych

100%

Wąsiński M.

Sprawy Międzynarodowe

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2017

|

issue 4

65-75

EN

In the past decades, the United States twice undermined the global climate negotiations by declining to ratify or planning to withdraw from ratified agreements. The U.S. position is rooted in the domestic energy and climate policy, including the competences of the authorities at the federal, state and local levels, as well as at business dynamics. For the international community this means that it cannot rely solely on negotiations with the U.S. administration without broad support of the states if it wishes to avoid encountering major obstacles and loss of credibility. Consequently, a broader engagement of states in developing U.S. climate policy is suggested in a bottom-up process in line with the Paris Agreement.

5

Relacje amerykańsko-afgańskie w latach 1963-1978

100%

Jureńczyk Ł.

In Gremium. Studia nad Historią, Kulturą i Polityką

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2015

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vol. 9

103-113

EN

The article raises the issue of the relationship between the United States and Afghanistan in the years 1963-1978. The subject of the analysis are political and economic relations between the partners. The author points out the motivations of American and Afghan authorities and barriers to collaboration. They are shown on the background of internal events in Afghanistan and the international context, including the global rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union .

6

Polityka naukowa. Innowacyjność w polityce Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki

87%

Rybkowski R.

Horyzonty Polityki

|

2015

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vol. 6

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issue 16

63-74

EN

Objective: The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the research policy of the USA, understood as the integral part of the US public policy. This is the way it has been presented in recent publications in the field. Research design and methods: Research policy might be an effective means of stimulating socio-economic development. The literature review helps to define the distinctive features of the American research policy. Reasoning: The paper starts with an overview of publications appreciating the role of new technologies. The activities of the federal government are then analyzed with the emphasis on stimulating and supporting innovations in the US. The exploration of the connections between technological progress and economic cycles completes the analysis. Findings: In contrast to some popular claims, 21st century technological progress is driven not only by the invisible hand of the market but also by the often neglected interventions of the government. Implications and recommendations: Innovations require some form of public authorities support. It is vital to remember that this support should be broadly understood, including for example even the early stages of education.

PL

Celem jest zaprezentowanie polityki naukowej USA jako integralnej części polityki publicznej USA, tak jak jest ona postrzegana w najnowszych publikacjach dotyczących tej problematyki. Problem i metody badawcze: Polityka naukowa może być narzędziem stymulującym rozwój społeczno‑ekonomiczny. Zastosowany przegląd literatury przedmiotu z XXI wieku pozwala na odnalezienie istotnych cech amerykańskiej polityki naukowej. Proces wywodu: Artykuł rozpoczyna omówienie publikacji podkreślających znaczenie nowoczesnych technologii. Następnie omówiono działania władz federalnych mających na celu pobudzenie i wspieranie innowacyjności w USA. Związki postępu technologicznego z cyklami gospodarczymi podsumowują znaczenie polityki naukowej. Wyniki analizy naukowej: Wbrew prezentowanym czasem opiniom – w XXI wieku o postępie technologicznym decyduje nie tylko niewidzialna ręka rynku, ale także często niedostrzegana interwencja rządu. Wnioski, rekomendacje, innowacje: Innowacyjność wymaga wsparcia ze strony władz publicznych, przy czym należy pamiętać, że wspieranie innowacyjności dotyczyć powinno szerokiego spektrum działań, obejmującego i wstępne poziomy edukacji.

7

Populacja imigrancka w Stanach Zjednoczonych w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku – próba charakterystyki

85%

Misiuna J.

Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace

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2018

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issue 4 (36)

243-255

EN

Using the source data, the article tries to portrait immigrant population in the United States against the native-born population. The aim of that description of who are the immigrants to the U. S. in the 2010s (including their origin, geographic concentration, level of educational attainment, income, age and fertility) is to provide a background for analysis of the U. S. immigration policy reform debate and for weaponization of immigration, particularly irregular, in election campaigns.

PL

W artykule, w oparciu o dane źródłowe, dokonano charakterystyki populacji imigranckiej w Stanach Zjednoczonych i zaprezentowano ją na tle populacji obywateli USA z urodzenia. Powstały w ten sposób obraz tego, kim jest współczesny imigrant do USA (uwzględniający takie zmienne, jak region pochodzenia, miejsce obecnego zamieszkania, wykształcenie, zarobki, wiek i dzietność), ma na celu stworzenie tła dla analiz debaty dotyczącej reformy polityki imigracyjnej USA, a także wykorzystywania tematu imigracji, szczególnie nieregularnej, w kampaniach wyborczych.

8

Polityka USA w stosunku do Ukrainy w II dekadzie XXI wieku

85%

Zapałowski A.

Przegląd Geopolityczny

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2014

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vol. 9

213-227

PL

Artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi na działania Stanów Zjednoczonych w obszarze państwa ukraińskiego jako gry geopolitycznej nakierowanej na utrwalenie regionalności Rosji i jej wpływów w Europie. Należy podkreślić, iż działanie Waszyngtonu na Ukrainie charakteryzuje się przede wszystkim unikaniem bycia bezpośrednio stroną w tej rywalizacji z Rosją. Zazwyczaj wykorzystuje ono w tych działaniach prozachodnie środowiska i organizacje oraz państwa Europy Środkowowschodniej jako inicjatorów określonych ruchów politycznych, mając w zamierzeniu uniezależnienie Ukrainy od wpływów Moskwy.

EN

Article is to draw attention to the actions of the United States in the area of the Ukrainian state as a geopolitical game aimed at consolidating regionalności Russia and its influence in Europe. It should be emphasized that Washington's action in Ukraine is characterized primarily by avoiding being a direct party to the rivalry with Russia. Typically it uses in these activities, and environmental pro-Western organizations and countries of Eastern Central Europe as initiators of certain political movements, with the intended independence of Ukraine from Moscow's influence.

9

Trump–Putin. Stosunki USA–Rosja w 2017 r.

80%

Legucka A.

Sprawy Międzynarodowe

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2017

|

issue 4

76-91

EN

Vladimir Putin had high hopes for relations between Russia and the U.S. during Donald Trump’s presidency, but bilateral contacts deteriorated following a report about Russia meddling in the U.S. presidential election. The aim of this article is to analyse U.S.-Russia rivalry in the first year after Trump took office, examining both domestic factors impacting on American and Russian foreign policy and the interests of both countries on the international arena.

10

STOSUNKI BRAZYLII ZE STANAMI ZJEDNOCZONYMI W OKRESIE RZĄDÓW GETÚLIO VARGASA (LATA 1930-45 i 1951-54)

80%

Frelak P.

Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny

|

2008

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vol. 16

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issue 3-4(61-62)

96-102

11

Multiple classification analysis. Theory and application to Demography

80%

Suseł A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

|

2011

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vol. 255

PL

Model analizy klasyfikacji wielokrotnej (MCA) jest addytywnym modelem mającym szersze możliwości zastosowania niż, np. modele regresji liniowej. Przede wszystkim ze względu na to, gdyż zmienne w modelu MCA mogą pochodzić ze skal np. przedziałowej czy nominalnej. Poza tym, możliwe jest określenie stopnia wpływu zmiennych niezależnych zarówno przed jak i po uwzględnieniu zmiennych kontrolnych. Wreszcie, nie jest wymagane spełnienie założenia liniowej zależności pomiędzy rozważanymi zmiennymi. Artykuł przedstawia zastosowanie modelu MCA w analizie wpływu poziomu dochodu na planowaną płodność Amerykanek.

12

OBMEDZENIE PARTICIPAČNEJ DEMOKRACIE V USA

80%

Futó G.

Annales Scientia Politica

|

2013

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vol. 2

|

issue 2

42 – 49

EN

Referendum and initiative as integral parts of participatory democracy are the key elements in preserving retained powers of the people. Diminishing the ability to guard they will by refusing to defend the outcomes of state popular vote in federal courts, leaves open question about interpretation of standing doctrines by United States Supreme Court. The same sex marriage cases present an example of different standards set by the highest court in this area. Hollingsworth v. Perry decision, stating that the official proponents of the initiative lack standing to appeal the judgement of the District Court undermines the principles of the initiative process, hence the whole concept of popular sovereignty.

13

American Political Spectrum

80%

Szczepański J.

Polish Journal of Political Science

|

2018

|

vol. 4

|

issue 4

7-19

EN

The text is aimed at tracing the evolution of the American political spectrum. It presents major historical and contemporary political parties of the United States of America. The article has been structured in such a way so as to serve primarily as a teaching aid for classes on the US poltical system.

14

Europa i USA wobec przyszłości Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego

80%

Malinowski K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2013

|

issue 1(346)

151-174

EN

Consolidation of the North Atlantic Alliance based on a new division of tasks and responsibilities is currently a key issue for the future of transatlantic relations. The new Strategic Concept of Lisbon (2010) was supposed to curb the discrepancies between the member states on crucial matters pertaining to the future of the Alliance and restore its unity. Those discrepancies resulted from a tension between NATO’s original functions, i.e. collective defense and a deepening of transatlantic cooperation on the one hand and tasks connected with the post-Cold War role of the Alliance on non-Treaty area on the other. The Concept was to prepare the Alliance to react more efficiently to a new type of challenges like rocket weapons attack or cyberterrorist attacks, or challenges concerning energy security. Implementation of the Concept was hindered by such adverse factors as the effects of the financial crisis in the USA and the EU or the USA’s strategic turn towards the Pacific. The Chicago summit (2012) launched a closer military integration of the member states and a new division of burdens between Europe and the USA as indispensable requisites of the Alliance’s further existence.

15

Izolacjonizm a izolacjonizm amerykański. Wyróżnienie pojęciowe na podstawie analizy polityki zagranicznej USA na tle historycznym

80%

Włuczkowski P.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2015

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vol. 4

145-153

EN

The article presents an image of one of the most significant American foreign policy strategy of the past – isolationism. With a hisotical perspective on how the United States foreign policy was creating and changing through the decades, the difference between basic definition of political isolation and isolation carried by USA was highlighted. It was shown how specific term American isolationism is. Particular attention is given to connection between specific foreign policy doctrines and reasons for which they were created. Remarks also adress variable attitude of USA, which were balancing through the history between two strategies: isolation and intervention. At the end of the article author takes a look closer to nowadays position of United States on the foreign policy field.

16

PEDAGOGY AGAINST THE STATE: THE BAN ON ETHNIC STUDIES IN ARIZONA

80%

Wanberg K.

Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)

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2013

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vol. 4

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issue 1

15 – 35

EN

Drawing on the traditions of critical pedagogy from Paulo Freire and Henry Giroux to recent critical research developed in the Journal of Pedagogy, this study explores how a particular case of curriculum reform in the US is entangled with racial neoliberalism and paranoia.

17

ПІДГОТОВКА ПЕДАГОГІВ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМИ ОСВІТИ ДОРОСЛИХ: АМЕРИКАНСЬКИЙ КОНТЕКСТ

80%

Терьохіна Н.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2016

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issue 1(55)

405-412

EN

In the article the American experience of preparation of adult educators is analyzed; the basic approaches, the main characteristics of system of preparation which ensure its efficiency are determined and proved. The purpose of this article is studying and summarizing of American experience in preparing teachers for the system of adult education. People who teach adults need specific range of competencies based on knowledge of psychology, physiology, andragogy, etc. Adult educators work in a great variety of organizational and social contexts, at the same time they organize, teach and support adults in their work and learning. Many factors influence the recognition of the status of "adult educator" and the organization of their training: socio-economic development of the country, attitude of the society towards adult education, diversity of political, economic and social systems and structures, transition to implementation of the concept of lifelong education. These factors cause the need for preparation of andragogical staff. A "pyramid of andragogical staff" developed by С. Houlein in 1956 will be useful for understanding of professional training of the staff, its tasks and responsibilities in the system of adult education. According to this pyramid andragogical staff is divided into three groups: the first group is the largest, it is at the heart of the pyramid and consists mainly of volunteers; the second group includes people who have steady jobs, it occupies the central part in the pyramid; the third group is at the top of the pyramid, it consists of people who have professional education. Preparing of adult educators (andragogists) in the US is closely connected with the development of a system of adult education, which has a long history and it is based on the concept M. Knowles’ andragogy, a prominent American scholar and teacher.. A history of preparing andragogists, as a separate field of preparing specialists, was started in 1917. At the beginning of 60- in the XX century, there were forty-nine institutions offering courses for teachers in the sphere of adult education. However, only the Pedagogical College of Columbia University offered master and doctor’s program. Professional education and preparing specialists for adult education are important and necessary components for existence and successful functioning of the industry. As C. Houle wittily said "adult educators theoretically do not belong to a single profession, most of them belong to a family of professions, ... but education of leaders can ... be organized around a common core of tested knowledge and beliefs".

18

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ПРОГРАМ З ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ В КОЛЕДЖАХ ТА УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ США

80%

Томенко О., Мазний Д.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2016

|

issue 2(56)

107-114

EN

The purpose of the article is to determine the characteristics of teaching and degree of efficiency of physical education in the US higher education institutions, depending on their content based on literature analysis. Research methods: the comparative and theoretical analysis of scientific publications, government programs dedicated to the development of higher education in the United States, comparison, generalization and systematization to identify the features of the theory and practice of physical education of US students. Results. According to the American specialists, the majority of young people do not involve in motor activity regularly, despite the large number of studies that indicate its health benefits and quality of life. It is proved that some knowledge about the benefits of exercise is not enough to motivate most young people to start training, emphasizing the need to incorporate well-established habits of students’ behavior. Course for health promotion on the basis of the College should potentially include all the levers of influence on indicators of behavior change. Among the theories that explain how the behavior forms, the most relevant is the ecological model. A characteristic peculiarity of teaching physical education in higher education institutions of the United States is a difference in the effectiveness of its results, depending on their content. There are three types of programs: sports-oriented programs; programs aimed at the assimilation of the conceptual theoretical knowledge required for the formation of the motives and interests of a healthy lifestyle; mixed type programs that are a combination of the first two. Exactly conceptual information about the benefits of physical activity combined with practical sports activity allows for a more effective impact on the health and physical condition of young people than sports oriented programs in pure form as they give higher long-term outcomes in the form of shaped motives and interests to employment by physical activity. Among the information about health which is interesting to the students in the USA, physical activity and fitness take the third rank place. The perspective directions of further research are related to the improvement of the system of physical education of students in Ukraine on the basis of studying the experience of the United States.

19

Zachodnie mocarstwa wobec wydarzeń w Afryce Północnej

80%

Kumelska M.

Forum Politologiczne

|

2012

|

vol. 13 - "Stare" i "nowe" mocarstwa w Afryce - stygmaty kulturowe, religijne, polityczne, ekonomiczne i społeczne

391-421

EN

The mass demonstrations, which took place in the North Africa, soon called "Arab Spring", constituted unexpected surprise for Western Great Powers. As yet, the international community, haven't expected, that mass protests could, firstly became grass roots initiative, which do not have any connections with political or religious organizations, secondly boiled over into huge, social movement able to drive authoritarian regime out. Western Great Powers were confident that such situation could have happened after coup achieved by Islamists. Events that took place in the North Africa at the turn of 2010 and 2011 have shown the miscalculations of the West. This paper presents the reactions of Western Great Powers to "Arab Spring".

20

МІЖНАРОДНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ФАКТОР ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІВ США

80%

Огієнко О.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

|

2015

|

issue 8(52)

219-227

EN

The article describes the essential characteristics of internationalization in higher education, peculiarities of universities innovative development; analyzes the objectives, principles, forms and results of the U.S. universities international activity; distinguishes the conditions for effectiveness of universities international activity and justifies its impact on the innovative development of all aspects of the U.S. universities activity. It is shown that internationalization as a leading trend of higher education development creates opportunities for its modernization, innovation, provides mobility, improves the availability and quality, expands international cooperation. Internationalization serves as an important factor of innovative development of higher education in the USA, which is a cyclical process based on the interaction and interdependence of creation, dissemination and absorption of innovation; acts as both a strategic objective and a means of the U.S. universities international activity. It is found that international activity at American universities is considered as one of the tools of foreign policy issues, maintaining leadership and ensuring the competitiveness, innovative development not only of education, but also the country as a whole. International activity of the U.S. universities is complex and multifaceted, it is integrating into all activities of universities and serves as a factor of their innovation. Its main forms are collaborating with other universities, businesses and international organizations. Important results are academic and scientific mobility, development of internationalized curricula and more. The initial principles of its organization are integration, innovation, intensification, mobility, transferability, democracy, tolerance, multiculturalism, flexibility. Strategy of obtaining profit serves as a benchmark in the organization of international activity of the U.S. universities. The main objectives of the U.S. universities international activity are: improving the quality of education, creating global competencies, development of international benchmarking activity, the use of advanced ideas of international experience, international cooperation with universities in other countries, the export of educational services, international technology transfer and more. The effectiveness of the university international activitiy and ensuring its innovation are achieved by defining its strategy and tactics, the presence of individual units and professional project managers, development of internationalized curriculum and innovative educational programs of the university.

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