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EN
In this article the author attempts to present an idea that entrepreneurship understood as abilities and skills, which shape new organizational reality, flexibility and risk tolerance are the essential factors that create a leadership relationship. It is assumed that there is a relationship between entrepreneurship and organizational leadership. A leader is not an obedient performer of tasks but a creator of new activities and relationships. Entrepreneurship is treated in the accepted sense as learned skills and abilities in the process of cultural inheritance of attitudes and behavior patterns existing in family, neighborhood, places in society and environment. Hence, in the article the author attempts to outline the path from entrepreneurial attitudes and behavior observed in childhood to act in the same manner in adulthood, including influencing the actions of associates in the workplace which exist in the Polish society.
EN
The subject of the research of this elaboration are strategic maturity desiderata of the corporate capability of manufacturing enterprises operating in the agricultural machinery sector. The vital goal of this study is to determine the level of partial (functional) maturities constituting the strategic capability of the investigated enterprises. Achieving the main objective required the formulation and implementation of partial goals, which were applied to outline: nomination of desiderata determining strategic maturity (literature query), compilation of the research model in the form of an assessment sheet (literature exploration and expert research) and recognition of the level of strategic maturity among manufacturers of the agricultural machinery sector (theoretical model validation). The considerations contained in the paper are embedded in social sciences, and more specifically; in the field of management and quality sciences.
EN
The paper focuses on the issue of special gifts of individuals with dyslex-ia. Many authors suggest that specific learning disabilities, like dyslexia, are connected with talents. Most often they point to the high level of vis-ual and spatial abilities. Unfortunately, the analysis of the findings of the available research shows that there is insufficient evidence that dyslexics are more creative and gifted than other people.
EN
The aim of this study is to present the Faculty of Law Enforcement of the National University of Public Service and the admission process awaiting the members of generation Z – and within it, those who wish to apply for officer cadet status – as well as the drop-out rates and their causes following successful admission, and also the prerequisite base competences expected within the framework of public service and in law enforcement. The young applicants admitted to the Faculty of Law Enforcement are supposed to represent a significant proportion of the future reinforcement of the professional service personnel, thus the member of generation Z not only stand at the gates of higher education but at the gates of the law enforcement labour market, too. Through our study, we would like to highlight the correlations emerging between the competence-based expectations of the law enforcement organs from the young career starters and the university admission process as well as the individual wishes of the applicants, and the level of contrast or synergy of the physical and intellectual status of the students in this matter. From this perspective, the question may arise whether it is necessary to implement any changes in the set of conditions, expectations or attitudes regarding the higher educational training or in the starting phase of the law enforcement career path.
EN
The article deals with theoretical and methodical aspects of the influence of free education on the development of creative abilities of children of the 6th year of life. The pedagogical conditions for the development of artistic creativity in children of the 6th year of life are determined and substantiated. The complex of classes for children of the 6th year of life is represented on the basis of a free choice of visual tasks, and the effectiveness of their influence on the development of artistic creativity of children has been experimentally tested. Classes are based on the age and individual characteristics of children based on the integration of different types of visual activities, different techniques and methods of image.
EN
Media play an important role in social and personal life. They affect opinion forming, promote trends and shape skills and attitudes. Their impact is enormous. Media can have both positive and negative influence, as they are addressed to adults and young people, whose opinions and characters have not yet crystallised. Thus the question about the extent to which the media shape abilities pertaining to the recognition of individual educational needs and learning, which is “(…) the foundation for success at school, in continuing education and in professional life.” Results of research conducted among lower secondary school students provide answers to these questions.
EN
This article focuses on the analysis of the current state of the key competence development of adults in Lithuania. The following key competences are analysed: communication in native tongues and foreign languages, development of cultural awareness, entrepreneurship, application of information society technologies, and learning to learn. The research involved analysis of the definition and role of the key competences, discussing their typologies and revealing the preconditions, factors and approaches to the development of the key competences. Results of the quantitative survey involving 6992 adult respondents in Lithuania showed that the key competences are important for the majority of the research sample in their social, work and personal life. Individualised ways of key competence development are applied more frequently than collective ways. Key competence development is mostly enhanced by personal needs (work, wish of development and self-realization) and support of the family. The most frequently mentioned obstacles to the development of key competences are lack of financial resources and expensive training services.
EN
The aim of the thesis is to draw attention to issues related to gifted students, their needs and problems at school. The author reflects on the ways of satisfying the needs of a gifted student in the classroom. A gifted student is a person with special educational needs. Teachers in schools, which should take care of the development of each individual, often leave gifted students without assistance, as they believe that they will manage on their own. The author shows fragments of the Polish educational reality of gifted students.
EN
The concepts of sustainability and sustainability competence are controversial, complex, difficult to define and measure, and have varied meanings for different people and practices. Given the complex nature of sustainability, there is limited availability of paradigmatic frameworks to guide educators in assessing sustainability competencies. This paper introduces the Dispositions, Abilities and Behaviours (DAB) framework, which influenced the design of an intervention in 2013-2014 that profiled sustainability competencies among final year undergraduate students in a higher education institution. The results of the mixed methods study indicate that the DAB framework has good potential as a guide to educators or researchers in understanding and profiling sustainability- related abilities, attitudes and actions (areas of performance) of cohorts of students within higher education settings.
EN
The article deals with studying the process of forming physical education teachers’ pedagogical mastery in the context of native and foreign scholars’ views. It has been indicated that the problem of pedagogical activity and pedagogical mastery efficiency has been raised in the works of a number of scholars who developed the principles and criteria of such activity. Thus, such native pedagogues as D. Dmytrenko, S. Krysyuk, I. Maslikova V. Putsov, A. Volovychenko studied the organization and evaluation of pedagogical and methodical work of teachers as well as the measuring of teaching management effectiveness. We have concluded that the forming of future physical education teachers’ pedagogical mastery should include the analysis of the education content (syllabi; general, psychological and pedagogical, special subjects; their comparison and volume, etc.) and the study of future physical education teachers’ personality. It is based on the use of general approaches, namely, historical, theoretical and descriptive, experimental, qualimetric (sociological) and is carried out within the diagnosis of a more general concept – a level of professional training (professional competence, the ability to obtain and generate new knowledge, to creatively solve pedagogical problems).
EN
According to the last population census in Slovakia (in 2021), senior citizens, or people over 65 years of age make up 17% of the total population of Slovakia. Despite this, we cannot consider seniors, or those of the age of 65 and older inactive or completely unproductive, considering that this is not only a consequence of the aging of the population, but to a large extent the growth of the average life expectancy of people in our society. Many seniors, or people in the post-productive age in this period of life still or occasionally work, maintain contact with family and acquaintances or even actively participate in civic life. In this regard, we therefore consider it important to pay attention to the level of media literacy of seniors who, more or less, use media and digital technologies in their lives and are thus exposed to their positive and negative effects. Although education in the field of media education mainly focuses on children and youth, it is necessary to realise that our society is created, shaped and decided by adults of productive and post-productive age. The goal of our study is therefore to map the current state of media literacy of Slovak seniors in the area of their user skills and communication skills related to the use of media and digital technologies, and their ability to critically understand. We therefore monitor the state of knowledge about the media and a critical view of them, the ability to critically analyse media content and the practical skills of seniors in relation to the media. The presented study reflects the results of quantitative research carried out on a representative sample of Slovak seniors using the questionnaire method. The result of the study is the relevant conclusions resulting from the empirical investigation and a summary of proposed recommendations for improving the current situation.
EN
The purpose of the article is a presentation of the work of the laboratory of students’ abilities development at Gorlovka Institute for Foreign Languages. One of the main wealth of the Ukrainian society is its intellectual potential, especially young people who can realize their creativity and professional opportunities. For the development of future talent it is necessary to create a higher education system, which could be conductive to diagnosis and support of young people, development and realization of their abilities, stimulating creative work of teachers and students, intensification of scientific work with youth, formation of teachers and scientists. To meet this purpose the laboratory of students’ abilities was established in Gorlovka Institute for Foreign Languages, whose task is to study and create the best educational environment for the development of gifted students’ skills. To diagnose the level of language, leadership, creative and pedagogical skills special psychological methods were used, aimed at: identifying gifted and talented students; creating conditions for realization of individual creative abilities of future teachers; creating an appropriate atmosphere for the development of personal individual potential and cognitive abilities in a free choice condition; as well as the possibility of individual adapting in social and cultural sphere.
EN
Developing students’ abilities and talents is both a task and a challenge of modern education. This issue is particularly important for students at risk of social maladjustment, because building on the potential possessed by these young people can lead to their faster socialization. The paper presented here defines the term “abilities” and the spectrum of abilities distinguished by Janina Uszynska-Jarmoc, Beata Kutnar and Jerzy Mantur is shown. The fallowing section present ways to develop particular types of abilities of the charges of the Młodzieżowy Ośrodek Socjoterapii w Solcu nad Wisłą were presented.
PL
Rozwijanie zdolności i uzdolnień uczniów jest zarówno zadaniem, jak i wyzwaniem współczesnej edukacji. Kwestia ta jest szczególnie ważna dla uczniów zagrożonych niedostosowaniem społecznym, ponieważ bazowanie na potencjale posiadanym przez tych młodych ludzi może prowadzić do ich szybszego uspołecznienia. W artykule zdefiniowano termin „zdolność” oraz ukazano spektrum zdolności wyróżnionych przez Janinę Uszyńską-Jarmoc, Beatę Kunat i Jerzego Mantura. W dalszej części zaprezentowano sposoby rozwijania poszczególnych rodzajów zdolności wychowanków Młodzieżowego Ośrodka Socjoterapii w Solcu nad Wisłą.
EN
In our article we present an overview of current research on giftedness, achievement and factors influencing their development. Determinants of high achievement such as abilities, social factors, deliberate practice, personality and others are discussed, ways of better support of its successful development are sought and its possible changeability is pointed out.
EN
The work deals with the contemporary sociological, psychological and pedagogical problems of the knowledge-based society. Special attention has been paid to the role of education in the new type of society, construction of knowledge, shaping of main job skills and abilities, semi-learning activity of individuals in lifelong learning process in public and private sectors of education during formal and informal education.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę uzdolnień dzieci w wieku przedszkolnych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań i analizy literatury przedmiotu omówiono zagadnienia związane z rozwojem uzdolnień przedszkolaków. Przedstawiono najczęściej obserwowane uzdolnienia, ich diagnozę oraz sposoby wsparcia dziecka uzdolnionego. Podkreślono konieczność współpracy rodziców i placówki przedszkolnej. Zwrócono uwagę na trudności, z jakimi borykają się rodzice dzieci uzdol-nionych. Wnioski oraz praktyczne rady i wskazówki wynikające z badań i analizy literatury przedmiotu mogą być wykorzystane w praktyce pedagogicznej, aby stymulować rozwój dziecięcych uzdolnień.
EN
The article addresses the issue of the giftedness of preschool children. Based on research and literature analysis, issues related to the development of preschoolers’ talents were discussed. The most frequently observed aptitudes, their diagnosis and ways of supporting a gifted child are presented. The necessity of cooperation between parents and the kindergarten was emphasized. Attention was paid to the difficulties faced by parents of gifted children. The conclusions, practical advice and tips resulting from the research and analysis of the literature on the subject can be used in pedagogical practice to stimulate the development of children’s talents.
EN
The author takes up the position that training of competent teachers requires taking into account their ability and talent. The article, by means of theoretical teaching research methods, reveals the essence of the "musically gifted student" concept. Nature of musical talent has been established and talent manifestations peculiarities in musically gifted students have been considered according to various authors. The author believes a musically gifted student to be a personality possessing a higher level of musical abilities, accompanied by high achievements in musical activities, and requires appropriate conditions for their development and manifestation, as well as a special curriculum. Nature of musical abilities and talent is seen as an innate feature of a personality that is developed and manifested in its activity, and is a necessary condition for its success. Peculiarities of talent manifestations in musically gifted students are considered in a different way by every scholar. However, the best list of proper personality features, according to Vasilyeva N. V. is suggested by Poluboyaryna I. I., because it takes into account the specific nature of musical activity. Thus, the author says that musically gifted students are distinguished by motivated and creative orientation and activity, desire for self-education, need for appreciation of their own activities, communicativeness, creative abilities, etc. The outlined material will assist teachers in searching new approaches to organizing the academic process for musically gifted students of teachers training universities. Taking into account the specific nature of musical activities and peculiar features of musically talented students will improve the professional training of future teachers. In her further activity, the author intends to follow the above mentioned positions and, basing on the essence of "creativity" and "Music academic activity" concepts, direct her attention to the peculiarities of music and academic creativity of musically gifted students at teachers training universities.
EN
In the article the peculiarities of formation of creative capabilities in preschool children by means of a fairy tale is considered as concerning their language abilities, development of creative imagination, artistic thinking, power of observation, as well as their verbal, emotional and figurative memory and capacity for fantasy. In the formation of a preschool child’s creative personality by means of the national fairy tale it is necessary to make an efficient use of the attentive narration, alternative inventiveness, reproduction of fictitious images (verbal, behavioural, effectual), staging of the fairy tales and stories, scenic episodes, dramatizing plays and games adapted for the stage, imitating games and exercises.
PL
Artykuł porusza kwestię osobliwości formowania twórczych zdolności przedszkolaków przy pomocy bajki, szczególnie zdolności językowych, twórczej wyobraźni, myślenia artystycznego i umiejętności obserwacji, a także emocji i obrazowej pamięci, słuchu rytmicznego oraz umiejętności fantazjowania. Przy formowaniu twórczej postawy przedszkolaka za pomocą ukraińskiej ludowej bajki należy wykorzystać uważne opowiadanie i wymyślanie własnych fragmentów bajek, przedstawianie obrazów z bajek (za pomocą słowa, zachowania, działalności), inscenizowanie bajek, opowiadań, zabawy-dramatyzacje, obrazki sceniczne, imitacyjne zabawy i ćwiczenia, zabawy teatralizowane.
EN
The being of Pedagogy for Maria Montessori is getting to the statement itself, that since every child is different, should develop according to its possibilities, competence and the ability – of individual developmental plans so that their real accomplishment enables the independent and more effective learning for him. Child raised in its heart of hearts pedagogies of Maria Montessori will be a person independent, responsible for oneself and world, diligent in the future. The development of every child is causing itself according to individual \ of “plan of the development\”. Therefore it isn’t possible from above to create the education and teaching system without taking individual characteristics of the child into account. Maria Montessori devoted a lot of attention to the music appreciation. A join of the music is important with the move which is an important factor of the child development.
PL
Istota pedagogiki Marii Montessori sprowadza się do stwierdzenia, że każde dziecko jest inne, powinno rozwijać się według swoich możliwości, kompetencji i umiejętności – indywidualnych planów rozwojowych tak, aby ich właściwa realizacja umożliwiała mu naukę samodzielną i efektywniejszą. Dziecko wychowane w duchu pedagogiki Marii Montessori będzie w przyszłości osobą samodzielną, odpowiedzialną za siebie i świat, pracowitą. Rozwój każdego dziecka dokonuje się według indywidualnego „planu rozwoju”. Dlatego nie można z góry stworzyć systemu wychowawczego i dydaktycznego bez uwzględnienia indywidualnych cech dziecka. Wychowaniu muzycznemu Maria Montessori poświęciła wiele uwagi. Ważne jest łączenie muzyki z ruchem, który jest ważnym czynnikiem rozwoju dziecka.
PL
Z badań prowadzonych w niektórych krajach wynika, że wybór ścieżki kształcenia może być silniej związany ze zdolnościami uczniów niż z pochodzeniem społecznym. O szansach przechodzenia, czy to do zasadniczej szkoły zawodowej, czy do liceum ogólnokształcącego bardziej decydują wyniki testów psychologicznych niż to, kim byli rodzice. Celem naszej analizy jest ustalenie tego dla Polski. Posługując się danymi z badań panelowych postaramy się stwierdzić, w jakim stopniu zdolności uczniów oddziałują na szanse przechodzenia do szkół średnich i wyższych. Nasze ustalenia wskazują, że niezależnie od pochodzenia społecznego wyższe umiejętności zapewniają więcej szans dostępu do szkół licealnych, najwyżej lokowanych na pierwszym progu selekcji, w porównaniu z technikami i szkołami zawodowymi. Poziom umiejętności jest również istotnym wyznacznikiem szans przechodzenia na studia i różnicuje dostęp do różnych rodzajów uczelni, zapewniając największe szanse podjęcia studiów bezpłatnych w uczelniach państwowych, cieszących się najwyższym prestiżem. Równocześnie, występowanie różnych ścieżek kształcenia jest czynnikiem wzmacniającym bariery selekcji. Absolwenci liceów najczęściej podejmują naukę w uczelniach bezpłatnych, podczas gdy szkoły prowadzone w trybie niestacjonarnym, przyjmujące kandydatów ze słabszymi wynikami i pobierające opłaty, relatywnie częściej przyciągają absolwentów techników.
EN
Research on educational inequalities disclosed that educational choices may be more strongly affected by students’ abilities than by class membership of their fathers. The purpose of this analysis is to establish how these relationships look like in Poland. By using data from panel studies 2014 we attempt to establish to what extent the abilities affect chances of transition to secondary and tertiary schools. According to our findings, higher abilities increase chances of access to lyceums offering general education than to technical secondary and basic vocational schools. The cognitive skills also increase the chances of transition to tertiary education, differentiating access to public universities, which enjoy the highest prestige. Level of cognitive skills is an important determinant of transition to tertiary education and it affects entry to various types of universities, providing the greatest chances of enrolment in freeof-charge public universities. At the same time, our findings confirm that choosing different tracks maintains class divisions in educational career. Graduates of lyceums are more likely to enroll in free-of-charge public universities whereas institutions which offer part-time programs, accept candidates with poorer scores, and charge tuition, are more likely to attract graduates of technical secondary schools.
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