Search results

1

Prowadzenie cudzych spraw bez zlecenia jako wyraz zachowań altruistycznych

100%

Kruszyńska-Kola J.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

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2016

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vol. 78

|

issue 1

127-140

EN

The first part of the paper presents the conclusions of research in the humanities and social sciences into the question of whether the legislator should protect altruism. Assuming a positive answer to the question and with the realisation that one of the ways of protecting altruism may be a legal institution based on the concept of negotiorum gestio, the second part of the paper deals with the analysis of benevolent intervention in another’s affairs referred to the Polish Civil Code of 1964 (Articles 752-757). It is stated that the main reason for incorporating this institution into the Code of Obligations of 1933 and then into the Civil Code was legal conservatism but there still exists a social need which justifies its existence in the Polish legal system. The general evaluation of benevolent intervention in another’s affairs leads to the conclusion that contrary to the opinion of legal doctrine in Poland, the legislator is not favourable to those who help others from altruistic motives. Finally, three issues concerning the reward for the intervener, the requirements of having an intention to act in another’s affairs and of acting to the benefit of another are subjected to a detailed evaluation.

PL

W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano wnioski z przeglądu dorobku nauk humanistycznych i społecznych, którego celem było udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy ustawodawca powinien chronić altruizm. W związku z pozytywną odpowiedzią oraz konstatacją, że jednym z instrumentów ochrony altruizmu może być instytucja prawna oparta na idei negotiorum gestio, drugą część artykułu stanowi analiza regulacji prowadzenia cudzych spraw bez zlecenia w polskim Kodeksie cywilnym z 1964 r. (art. 752-757). Dostrzeżono, że głównym powodem, dla którego instytucja ta znalazła się w Kodeksie zobowiązań z 1933 r., a następnie w Kodeksie cywilnym był konserwatyzm prawniczy, niemniej nadal istnieje społeczna potrzeba uzasadniająca obecność tej regulacji w polskim systemie prawnym. Ogólna ocena instytucji prowadzi do wniosku, że wbrew deklaracjom doktryny, polski ustawodawca wcale nie jest przychylny względem osób niosących innym pomoc z pobudek altruistycznych. Szczegółowej ocenie z punktu widzenia wniosków płynących z pierwszej części artykułu poddane zostały zagadnienia wymogów posiadania intencji działania w cudzej spawie, działania z korzyścią dla osoby zainteresowanej, a także kwestia wynagrodzenia gestora.

2

Heategevus- ja solidaarsusmeditsiini problemaatikast Eesti naitel

92%

Kõiva M.

Mäetagused

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2020

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vol. 78

43-64

EN

Alternative, folk, and state medicine services intersect in the spheres of voluntary assistance and joint financing, donation medicine, charity movement, and solidary charity. Voluntary activity involves many people in different age groups and with different opportunities, and is wider than changes in lifestyle and an inherent turn to local activities and stances. The global trend remains in the transitional area of different domains, yet its deeply humane message, joint assistance to people in an emergency situation, constitutes the continuation of traditional means of assistance in today’s society. Charity medicine has opened up new topics for humanitarian studies. The article discusses the state and local institutions’ supportive activities for health care and, for example, for the coping strategies of people with severe health damage, as well as the support provided by different media channels for people with health issues, and voluntary help based on personal free will. The article focuses on the following questions: What is the status of solidarity in today’s medicine and welfare services? What are the characteristics, approaches, and results of charity medicine in Estonia? What questions are raised by charity? Do we deal with only medical and health issues or with human fractals?

3

Terminal values and meaning in life among university students with varied levels of altruism in the present period of socio-cultural change

92%

Głaz S.

Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration

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2012

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vol. 18

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issue 1-2

215-237

EN

Abstract The author of this paper, interested in the issues of values preference, meaning in life and altruism among university students has attempted to show a relation between them in the present period of clearly noticeable socio-cultural change. The study was conducted in 2009-2010 in Kraków among university students. The age of the respondents ranged from 21 to 25. 200 sets of correctly completed questionnaires were used for the results analysis. In order to show values preference among university students Rokeach’s ValueSurvey (RVS) was used. The level of a sense of meaning in life was measured by means of Crumbaugh and Maholick’s Purpose in Life Test (PLT). Moreover, Śliwak’s Questionnaire of Altruism (A-N) was applied to measure the level of altruism. It was found that students with a high level of altruism are accompanied by a higher level of meaning in life than students with a low level thereof. Terminal values significantly correlate with meaning in life in groups of students with a high and low level of altruism. Among terminal values, values personal in character appear to be more strongly related to meaning in life than values social in character.

4

Otwarte zasoby edukacyjne jako przejaw altruizmu w gospodarce, czyli ekonomii daru

92%

Janowska A., Kania A.

e-mentor

|

2013

|

issue 3 (50)

19-22

EN

The phenomenon of gift-giving was primarily studied by anthropology and it was associated with the primitive societies. However, it is indisputable that the gift culture is also practiced nowadays. The Internet is a particular field where its development was observed. Due to its open character, popularity and low cost of the tools which help the users to create, publish and send the content, the Internet became the scope of exchange of information goods, such as the products of culture: music, films, books, software, computer games as well as scientific and educational resources. The present paper discusses the issue of altruism in the Internet exemplified by open educational resources.

5

SEVERITY OF ALTRUISM AND EMPATHY AMONG PERSONS EMPLOYED IN DIFFERENT PROFESSIONAL FIELDS OF ACTIVITY

92%

Olga Valtere O., Vitalijs Rascevskis V.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

|

2017

|

issue 1

107-119

EN

There can be supposed that some personal traits can make preconditions in choosing the professional orientation, so altruism and empathy expressiveness also could, despite the fact that their expressiveness can change depending from age, what also was observed in this study. The aim of the research is to study the connection between altruism and empathy expressiveness particularities in persons, who work in different professional orientation. The study selection (N = 125) consisted of working-age men (M = 35,19; SD = 10,918) and women (M = 38,98; SD = 12,611). In the study are used the following methods: The Self-Report Altruism scale, SRA (Rushton, Chrisjohn, Fekken 1981), Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale, BEES (Mehrabian, Epstein 1997). In the research found that the correlation between altruism and empathy expressiveness is significant in profession group that is based on person ñ person relationships. This study allows to draw parallels with other empathy and altruism researches, and also is observed the link between phenomenaís and their relationship with the studied professional orientations.

6

Economic Analysis of Charitable Donations

92%

Young Kang M., Park B., Lee S., Kim J., Allenby G.

Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets

|

2016

|

issue 2(4)

40-57

EN

This paper examines the effect of message characteristics on donation behavior using an economic model of giving. The utility of giving can come from one’s own contribution and possibly from the combined contributions of others. Donors are assumed to be constrained utility maximizers, and the message attributes affect the degree to which they react altruistically or egoistically. The model is estimated with data from an incentive-aligned study of South Korean consumers, and implications for message optimization and donor targeting are explored.

7

Wolontariat - motywy działania

81%

Schulz A.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

|

2015

|

vol. 2(22)

49-57

EN

The main issue I take in this article is to find the answer to this question: why some members of our society (society, who is addicted to consumerism) are able to help another selflessly? Who are they, what motivates them? Why in the world, where the most important thing is the pursuit of wealth, there is a large group of people, who finds time for reflection and selfless help? Perhaps there are some personality traits, catholic ethics or socialization, which teach us empathy? It could be a lot of reasons why people decide to be a volunteer. I am going to find the common features, which connect those people.

8

Motywy i uwarunkowania ludzkiej solidarności – poszukiwania teoretyczne

81%

Lepianka D.

Prakseologia

|

2012

|

issue 153

169-184

EN

The article is a discussion of various, mainly sociological conceptions of human solidarity, with special focus on those that question the traditional dichotomous understanding of the motives underlying pro-social behavior. It also constitutes an attempt to broaden the debate by focusing on the conditions of human benevolence. Most up-to-date (social) research points to the crucial role of social distance: the closer the potential benefactor to the potential beneﬁciary, the more likely the act of helping; the more unconditional (or altruistic) the help offered, the more generous the offering. Here a question arises as to what determines the social distance between individuals (and groups) and how (group) boundaries are formed or deﬁned. While social distance can be conceived in objective terms, e.g. as physical or geographical distance or as a degree of (e.g. socio-economic) dissimilarity that exists between the benefactor and the beneﬁciary, it is the subjective social distance that seems to have most bearing on the human motivation to help. Of paramount importance here, is the perception of the beneﬁciary, and in particular, the construction of their otherness, which might be (partly) determined by (a) dominant social norm(s).

9

Poziom altruizmu a motywacja wolontariuszy wspierających społeczną aktywność młodych dorosłych z niepełnosprawnością ruchową, zależnych fizycznie

81%

Aondo-Akaa G.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

|

2018

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vol. 63(2 (248))

127-139

PL

The activity of volunteers is a significant factor supporting social activity of young adults with physical disability. For them, the presence of volunteers is a support in making independent, autonomous decisions. It is often the only way to experience life actively. The frequency and quality of volunteer’s activity is dependent on the level of his/her altruism and the type of his/ her motivation. For social activation of people with physical disability, it is very important to identify factors which motivate volunteers to take unpaid services for people with disabilities. Such an attempt is made in this article.

10

Humanism Under Siege: The Janus Face of the Modern Revolution of Dignity

81%

Witoszek N.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2021

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vol. 65(1 (472))

7-24

EN

The article interprets the crisis of liberal democracy in the 21st century as the result of an ongoing, dual revolution of dignity. One such revolution is the work of “humanist outliers”: small groups and individuals dedicated to compassionate social emancipation. Thus anti-authoritarian revolutions like that of Solidarity in Poland (1980–81) succeed in large part thanks to cultural and political innovations springing from the work of such small groups. However, the humanist revolution of dignity – featuring altruism and cooperation – has its “tribal doppelgänger”: a twin revolution that strives to reclaim national dignity and pride at the price of submission to authoritarian rule.

11

Belief in others’ trustworthiness and trusting behaviour

81%

Macko A., Malawski M., Tyszka T.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2014

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vol. 45

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issue 1

43-51

EN

Data from surveys indicate that people, in general, do not trust others. On the other hand, in one-shot trust games, where the player decides whether to send money to an anonymous partner, the actual rate of trust is relatively high. In two experiments, we showed that although reciprocity expectations and profit maximization matter, they are not decisive for trusting behaviour. Crucial factors that motivate behaviour in trust games seem to be altruism and a type of moral obligation related to a social norm encouraging cooperative behaviour. Finally, we were able to divide participants into specific profiles based on amount of money transferred to the partner, altruistic motivation, and belief in partners’ trustworthiness. This shows that the trust game is differently perceived and interpreted by different participants.

12

Semiosis in History. The Emergence of Alter-Culture

81%

Sonesson G.

Filozofia i Nauka

|

2019

|

vol. 7/1

13-34

EN

Following upon Merlin Donald’s claim that human specificity emerges in history, and not exclusively in evolutionary time, it will be suggested that the diversified means of producing semiosis created by human beings account for the spread of empathy and altruism not only beyond the kin group, but to humankind in general. This amounts to treating other cultures as different from us, but still able to enter into communication with us (as an Alter), as opposed to treating these cultures as being part of nature, and thus only susceptible to being communicated about (as an Alius). Starting out from the theory of bio-cultural evolution defended by Peter J. Richerson and Robert Boyd, as well as from the multi-level selection theory of Elliott Sober and David Sloan Wilson, we try to lay bare the way in which semiotic structures play a role for transforming cultural evolution, contrary to biological evolution, into human history. We inquiry into what makes the existence of Alter-culture possible, if, as Sober and Wilson have claimed, armed with game theory, an altruistic society (an Ego-culture in our terms), is only possible in opposition to another group in relation to which group egoism rules (that is, in our terms, an Alius-culture). We will follow Michael Tomasello in arguing for the primacy of games of cooperation, rather than competition, while adding an historical dimension, which serves to explain how such cooperation can be extended beyond the primary group (our Ego-culture). However, we will insist on the importance of multiple semiotic resources for the boot-strapping of empathy and altruism, as well as on the genesis of this process in cultural encounters, as reflected in the spirit of the Enlightenment.

13

Rola postaw altruistycznych w cause-related marketing

70%

Kozłowski W., Sobotko E.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia

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2017

|

vol. 51

|

issue 2

EN

This study identified factors affecting the effects of cause-related marketing (CrM). An empirical verifiation of the hypotheses confimed that an altruistic attitude, evaluated through the willingness to help others, is a differentiating factor in purchase intentions of product supporting a social cause. It was assumed that a positive correlation between variables would not be amplifid by either the type of the product or the product-cause fi. The research also shows that the more altruistic attitudes, the more favourable attitude towards the CrM campaign and that marketing initiatives based on donation are more effective in stimulating a purchase than initiatives based on fiancial compensation (price discount, cash-back) when consumers are more, rather than less willing to help a social cause.

PL

Głównym celem eksperymentu była identyfikacja czynników wpływających na skuteczność marketingu ważnej sprawy (CrM: cause-related marketing). Empiryczna weryfikacja hipotez potwierdza, że altruistyczna postawa oceniana przez pryzmat skłonności do pomagania innym, różnicuje intencję zakupu produktu wspierającego sprawę społeczną. Zgodnie z założeniem, pozytywny związek między zmiennymi nie będzie wzmacniany ani typem produktu ani stopniem dostosowania sprawy do produktu. Z badań wynika również, że im w większym stopniu przyjmujemy altruistyczne wartości tym przychylnej będziemy nastawieni do kampanii CrM, a w stymulowaniu zakupów bardziej skuteczne będą inicjatywy marketingowe oparte na darowiźnie niż na rekompensacie finansowej (rabat cenowy, zwrot w gotówce), kiedy konsumenci będą raczej bardziej niż mniej chętni pomagać sprawie społecznej.

14

The Tectonics of Love in Leo Tolstoy’s Resurrection

70%

Głąb A.

Studia Humana

|

2016

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vol. 5

|

issue 3

90-103

EN

The text analyzes Leo Tolstoy’s Resurrection focusing on the feelings expressed in the novel. It focuses on: (I) the ways in which the content of the novel is expressed through artistic means; (II) Tolstoy’s anthropology; (III) the notion of love presented by Ronald de Sousa in his last book Love. A Very Short Introduction: the difference between love and mood or emotion; the classification of love (philia, storge, agape, eros); the distinction between love and lust; love as a reason-free desire; and the notion of the historicity of love.

15

The pragmatist conception of altruism and reciprocity

70%

Višňovský E.

Human Affairs

|

2011

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vol. 21

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issue 4

437-453

EN

The paper provides an account of the pragmatist philosophical conception of reciprocity and altruism based on the ontology of “panrelationalism”. The Deweyan concepts of transaction and cooperation are also outlined in some detail as well as the pragmatist (Rortyan) idea of justice. The author attempts to show that altruism is not necessarily just reciprocal but demands as its supplement (at least) altruism without reciprocation.

16

The Presence and Figures of the Others in Democritus’ Ethics

70%

Motte A.

Peitho. Examina Antiqua

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2017

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vol. 8

|

issue 1

125-140

EN

Euthymia, the founding concept of Democritus’ ethics, is a thing of the soul, as he says himself, an intimate, eminently personal happiness. What place is given, then, to other individuals in this ethics? Can one be happy without the others? In order to answer these two questions the present paper examines the relevant utterances in which references to the others appear and concludes that despite a clear depreciation of the conjugal bond an altruistic dimension is very strong in this ethics and that several important ideas lie behind this concept.

17

Volunteering – opportunity for social rehabilitation of persons serving a prison sentence

70%

Iwanicki H.

Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze

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2019

|

vol. 585(10)

3-14

EN

The aim of the article is to present and discuss volunteering as an opportunity for social rehabilitation of persons serving a prison sentence and to show its impact on the process of social rehabilitation. It discusses the legal foundations of volunteering, its specificity and nature, primarily in the context of the possibility of implementing this form of social activity by prisoners. The focus was also on motives prompting prisoners to volunteer activity. The main part of the publication focuses on discussing the benefits of volunteering in the context of personality and social transformation of prisoners and highlighting its role in social rehabilitation interactions.

18

Against Autoimmune Self-Sacrifice: Religiosity, Messianicity, and Violence in Derrida’s “Faith and Knowledge” and in Classical Rabbinic Judaism

70%

Weiss D. H.

Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

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2021

|

vol. 5

|

issue 3

23-34

EN

In this essay, I argue that a comparison of Derrida’s “Faith and Knowledge” to the texts and thought of classical rabbinic Judaism can illuminate new conceptual connections among the different elements of Derrida’s thought. Both Derrida and the rabbinic texts can be viewed as affirming a type of “holding back” and “allowing the other to be,” stances which Derrida links to “religiosity” and to “messianicity beyond all messianism.” Moreover, the rabbinic texts appear to avoid the “autoimmune” reaction that Derrida sees as stemming from many sacrificial and self-sacrificial logics in which the self is problematically sacrificed in order to preserve the “unscathed” other. In addition, the rabbinic texts’ stance concerning divine authorization for war and capital punishment help to illuminate Derrida’s claim that the ostensibly “secular” wars of modern states are in fact better understood as “wars of religion.”

19

Altruizm i jego pomiar. Kwestionariusz A-N

70%

Śliwak J.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

|

2005

|

vol. 8

|

issue 1

121-144

PL

Treścią niniejszego artykułu jest zagadnienie związane z pomiarem intensywności zachowań altruistycznych. Zachowanie altruistyczne jest rozumiane jako działanie świadome i dobrowolne na rzecz innych ludzi, które przynosi korzyści innym, a osoba działająca nie oczekuje w zamian na zewnętrzne nagrody, gdyż działanie pomocne jest dla niej wartścią samą w sobie. Pomiar zachowań altruistycznych w literaturze przedmiotu ma dwie tradycje: jedna to badania eksperymentalne dotyczące sytuacji społecznych; druga to tradycja związana z badaniem testowym opartym na samoopisie. Odwołując się do tej drugiej tradycji oraz do już istniejących w literaturze przedmiotu wzorów (por. Karyłowski, 1982a; Szuster, 2002), skonstruowano skalę do mierzenia altruizmu, która została opisana w artykule. Kwestionariusz A – N składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej jest 9 opowiadań; do każdego opowiadania dołączono zestaw sześciu gotowych odpowiedzi, wyrażających różne nasilenia postawy altruistycznej. Część druga zawiera 8 opowiadań (zadaniem osoby badanej jest wyrażenie opinii na 7-stopniowej skali typu Likerta, w jakim stopniu zgadza się lub nie zgadza się z decyzją podjętą przez bohatera opowiadania). Wynik ogólny jest łączną sumą punktów uzyskanych przez osobę badaną w części pierwszej i drugiej. Mieści się on w przedziale 17-110 pkt, gdzie wynik najniższy oznacza brak altruizmu, zaś wynik z drugiego bieguna – najwyższy poziom altruizmu. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych procedur stwierdzono, że skonstruowany test jest trafnym narzędziem do przewidywania szerokiego zakresu zachowań altruistycznych oraz poziomu jego natężenia, a obliczone współczynniki rzetelności dowodzą, że jest to również narzędzie odznaczające się bardzo wysoką rzetelnością.

EN

The paper focuses on the issue of the measurement of the intensity of altruistic behaviours. An altruistic behaviour is understood as a conscious and voluntary act for the benefit of other persons. The performer does not expect any external rewards since providing aid is a value itself. Measurement of altruistic behaviours has two traditions in the relevant literature. One is associated with experimental research concerning social situations, the other is connected with testing based on self-reports. This paper resorts to the latter tradition and describes the process of constructing a questionnaire to measure altruism. Before constructing the questionnaire other similar existing tools were reviewed (cf. Karyłowski 1982a; Szuster 2002). The Questionnaire A – N consists of two parts. Part one contains nine stories, each with six answers provided to reflect various degrees of intensity of the altruistic attitude. Part two contains eight stories. In part two, the examined person has to indicate on the 7-point Likert-type scale to what extent he/she agrees with the decision made by a character of each story. The total score is the sum of the scores obtained in both parts. It can range from 17 to 110, where the lower pole indicates lack of altruism and the higher pole – the highest level of altruism. The article presents psychometric properties of the questionnaire – its reliability and validity. The results show that this questionnaire is a valid tool in predicting a wide range of altruistic behaviours and reliability coefficients also prove its high reliability.

20

Limits of the ethical training of social workers (altruism issue in the moral space of professional ethics)

70%

Feber J., Petrucijová J.

The New Educational Review

|

2015

|

vol. 42

189-199

EN

The article is focused on the professional ethics of social work in the context of the philosophy of education. The authors analyse its educational pitfalls seen as a possible tension of personal ethics and professional ethics. Analysing the altruism issue (one of the essential values in social work) the authors reflect on the relationship of autonomy and heteronomy of will (e.g. regulated by institutional codes) in moral acting.

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Prowadzenie cudzych spraw bez zlecenia jako wyraz zachowań altruistycznych

Heategevus- ja solidaarsusmeditsiini problemaatikast Eesti naitel

Terminal values and meaning in life among university students with varied levels of altruism in the present period of socio-cultural change

Otwarte zasoby edukacyjne jako przejaw altruizmu w gospodarce, czyli ekonomii daru

SEVERITY OF ALTRUISM AND EMPATHY AMONG PERSONS EMPLOYED IN DIFFERENT PROFESSIONAL FIELDS OF ACTIVITY

Economic Analysis of Charitable Donations

Wolontariat - motywy działania

Motywy i uwarunkowania ludzkiej solidarności – poszukiwania teoretyczne

Poziom altruizmu a motywacja wolontariuszy wspierających społeczną aktywność młodych dorosłych z niepełnosprawnością ruchową, zależnych fizycznie

Humanism Under Siege: The Janus Face of the Modern Revolution of Dignity

Belief in others’ trustworthiness and trusting behaviour

Semiosis in History. The Emergence of Alter-Culture

Rola postaw altruistycznych w cause-related marketing

The Tectonics of Love in Leo Tolstoy’s Resurrection

The pragmatist conception of altruism and reciprocity

The Presence and Figures of the Others in Democritus’ Ethics

Volunteering – opportunity for social rehabilitation of persons serving a prison sentence

Against Autoimmune Self-Sacrifice: Religiosity, Messianicity, and Violence in Derrida’s “Faith and Knowledge” and in Classical Rabbinic Judaism

Altruizm i jego pomiar. Kwestionariusz A-N

Limits of the ethical training of social workers (altruism issue in the moral space of professional ethics)