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Лексические аспекты языковой игры в русском языке

100%
Dubichynskyi V.
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
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2019
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vol. 44
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issue 2
209-220
RU
Language game can take place on different language levels: phonetic, graphical, lexical-semantic, word-formative, morphological, syntax, and even pragmatics, stylistics etc. In the given article the lexical aspect of the language game is considered. Many creative language potencies are revealed most fully and brightly on the lexical-semantic level. Separate attention is paid to entimological units – lexical units which are described in the entimological dictionaries; as well as to the so called “anti-proverbs” – abnormal paremiological units.
2

Tegelikkuse motestajad: vanasonad poola grafitis

88%
Szpila G.
Mäetagused
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2013
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vol. 53
39–54
EN
The paper investigates proverbial elements in Polish mural inscriptions. The main aim of the paper is to consider paremic mural inscriptions with an eye to determining if proverbs are used in Polish graffiti only as content-free play on traditional folk wisdom. The starting point in this analysis is the assumption that proverbs and non-paremic graffiti exhibit both similarities and differences and that most paremic uses in graffiti can be classified as anti-proverbial in character. Many studies suggest that the dominant feature of anti-proverbs is their mocking and humorous nature. The paper then tries to establish if mural anti-proverbs can be treated also as carriers of various sentiments which do not necessarily deny the traditional nuggets of wisdom, but are used to convey observations and truths based on them, which pertain to contemporary reality and regulate it in the same way as traditional paremias do.
3
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„Die Furcht ist auch hier wieder die Mutter der Moral“ Sprichwörtliche Aphorismen in Friedrich Nietzsches Jenseits von Gut und Böse

88%
Mieder W.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2013
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vol. 2
75-89
EN
The highly expressive and metaphorical language of Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophical and literary works has been studied in numerous books and articles, but it is surprising that hardly anything has been said about his obvious inclination to use proverbs and proverbial expressions throughout his voluminous writings. Nietzsche himself was very well aware of his phraseological style that includes proverbs, proverbial expressions, proverbial comparisons, twin formulas, and also literary quotations. His well-known book Jenseits von Gut und Böse (1886, Beyond Good and Evil) is definitely no exception when it comes to the phraseological language of its aphorisms, fragments, and other short prose texts. When Nietzsche cites proverbs, he almost always varies them in such a way that his newly created anti-proverbs refl ect his search for a new value system diff erent from traditional moral codes. He clearly delights in creating blasphemous anti-proverbs from well-known Biblical proverbs. But he does the same with traditional folk proverbs, arguing that they too contain antiquated moral values. Some of these parodied, manipulated or alienated proverbs are also informed by Nietzsche’s dislike for moral didacticism, his own anti-feminism, and his desire to shock his readers into escaping from narrowly understood wisdom. Of course, Nietzsche uses also numerous proverbial phrases and idioms in order to add rhetorical strength to his arguments, relying heavily on employing such phraseological units as innovatively and at times shockingly as possible. Many contextualized examples will illustrate these points, showing that Nietzsche was indeed a masterful craftsman of employing proverbial language.
4
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Małżeństwo w językowym obrazie świata. Na przykładzie paremii w języku polskim, rosyjskim i angielskim

87%
Kuligowska K.
Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
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2020
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vol. 45
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issue 2
EN
The essence of marriage is being widely discussed in the last few decades in many social circles and at many different levels. From the linguistic point of view it is usually characterised on the basis of man’s and woman’s roles in their relationship. The aim of the paper is to present the view of marriage in Polish, Russian and English proverbial phrases. For the purposes of the article about 350 Polish and Russian and about 300 English proverbs have been subjected to cognitive analysis. The research proves that the concept of marriage is roughly universal in all three languages and it presents definitely an androcentric perspective. Wives in proverbs are shown in a very unfavourable light as grouchy, quarrelsome, unfaithful and narrow-minded human beings. Marriage reflected in sayings is usually a burden which diminishes man’s happiness and may even lead to his sickness, fast aging and death. What is more, quite a lot of proverbial phrases in all three languages under study foster violence against women. The concept of marriage presented in proverbs is undoubtedly a reflection of the old way of thinking and the old system of values, but the preliminary research of anti-proverbs, i.e. more modern expressions, proves that it has not undergone any fundamental changes in the language awareness of the Polish, Russian and English native speakers.
5

Taagin, jarelikult olen olemas. Paroomiline pilguheit Tartu grafitile

63%
Voolaid P.
Mäetagused
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2013
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vol. 53
7–38
EN
The article observes the paremic (proverbial-phraseological) element in public space in Tartu, the second largest city in Estonia. The author concentrates on dynamic spaces which are freely accessible to all, without any limitations (incl. important elements of urban space, such as shopping centres, cultural and leisure time centres, stations), and involve the values, symbols and signs of urban life. The aim of the writing is to analyse the nature, proportions and meanings of the paremic matter in the following studied sources: 1) street graffiti, i.e., the (anonymous) drawings, scribblings and writings (200 texts); 2) specific poster texts generated by the Tartu group of the international Loesje movement, which have been glued on the walls of buildings, electrical switchboards, lamp posts, etc. in Tartu since 2004 (the poster collection is available in Estonian, English and Russian at http://www.loesje.ee, and includes 515 texts). The primary source for the current article comprises graffiti photographed by the author in Tartu since the beginning of 2011. The texts have been mainly recorded within the town centre; however, Karlova and Tähtvere districts also demonstrate a conspicuous amount of paremic graffiti. The analysis of multi-modal texts focuses on the proportion of the traditional and improvisational, local and global in the paremia. The aim of the article is to explain what kind of social status, mentality and expressiveness is contained in the texts of this specific cultural phenomenon, and what are the identities, platforms, ideas, and the social reality (concrete events) that these utterances are helping to reflect. The analysis of paremic graffiti texts as social communication applies context-centred methods which give consideration to the social context (i.e., who creates them for whom, where, when, for what reason, what is the receiver’s cultural potential to interpret the graffiti text), and also dwell upon the connection that graffiti has with other domains and other forms of art. The paremic text in graffiti often involves and supports the elements of pop-culture and helps to fulfil the human, philosophical, socio-political, self-expressive and sometimes very aggressive and protest-minded aspirations of the author of a particular graffiti text. Graffiti as a multi-modal written cultural form is open, flexible and adaptable to the surrounding reality. The paremic material is indeed conspicuous in the street art of Tartu, partly due to the fact that among graffiti artists there are many conscious, mission-oriented university and art school students whose actions are inherently carefully premeditated. The graffiti texts in Tartu make references to societal and cultural phenomena, and the memorable aphoristic form intrinsic to paremia, the poetic way of expression – harmony, rhymes – help, in some cases, to better convey the idea of graffiti.
6
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Стійкість, варіативність і трансформація українських прислів’їв

51%
Kalko V., Kalko M.
Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia
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2021
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vol. 9
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issue 2
11-24
PL
W artykule poddano analizie stałość oraz zmienność przysłów, rozróżniono pojęcia zmienności i transformacji. Normatywna uzualna zmienność nie jest tożsama z tekstową, okazjonalną zmiennością, lecz stanowi zmienność systemową, wypracowaną w procesie historycznego rozwoju zasobu paremijnego w świadomości mówiących i nie ma dodatkowego ładunku semantycznego, nie uświadamia się przez etnos jako wykroczenie, wykrzywienie tradycyjnego przysłowia. O produktywnej transformacji klasycznych paremii przekonuje dziedziczenie mądrości ludowej, a przekształcenie głębokich treści i cech formalnych takich przysłów świadczy o ich dostosowaniu do nowych społeczno-historycznych warunków i wartości. Resemantyzacja tradycyjnych przysłów jednoznacznie dowodzi ich istotności oraz aktualności, bo przecież jeżeli tradycyjna wypowiedź nie jest zmieniana, nie jest oceniana przez każde nowe pokolenie na swój sposób, staje się nieaktualna i nieistotna dla społeczeństwa. Antyprzysłowia częściowo burzą wypracowane przez stulecia stereotypy kosztem komicznego przepracowania ich semantyki.
EN
The article considers the problem of proverb stability and modifications, and the difference between the terms modification and transformation. The author draws a conclusion that standard modifications within the national paremiological corpus can not be perceived as textual or occasional modifications. They should be taken as systemic variations within language norms that exist in the mind of native speakers, do not add another semantic meaning and are not recognized by native speakers as proverb deformations. Differences between proverbs (sayings of edifying character, which contain the centuries-old experience of the people) and anti-proverbs (the authors consider anti-proverbs to be the semantic antithesis of proverbs) are highlighted. The authors pay special attention to the study of the semantics of proverbs and their transformants to identify relevant semantic and cognitive characteristics. The productive transformation of classical proverbs convinces of the heredity of folk wisdom, the change in the deep meaning, and the formal plan of the original proverbs testifies to their adaptation to new social and historical conditions and values.
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