Search results - CEJSH

1

Kierowanie i dowodzenie Siłami Zbrojnymi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w polskim systemie konstytucyjnym

100%

Piątkowski A.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2018

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issue 5(148)

59–74

EN

The upcoming review of the Command and Control System conducted by the government is an opportunity for critical analysis of the current provisions related to the matter and formulating general proposals for improvement. In the author’s opinion, there are considerable inconsistencies within the current legal framework, that may handicap the effectiveness of operational efforts during wartime. The aim of the article is to identify those deficits, explain their shortcomings from both legal and operational standpoint and seek potential solutions.

2

Military Implications of the Russian Federation’s Politics of Expansion

100%

Bodziany M., Ściborek Z.

Historia i Polityka

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2019

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issue 30 (37)

9-23

EN

The achieved status of coexistence has not been accepted by all states. Russia cannot accept the fact that it has sustained substantial losses, especially in the global dimension, after the collapse of the USSR. Vladimir Putin’s team has been striving to rebuild the power of their country. Russian society, which is accustomed to sacrifices for its homeland, is actively involved in the activities undertaken. Much effort is put into the development of the armaments sector. The structures, command and mobilization condition of the Armed Forces are improved. The Russian Armed Forces is modernized and the percentage of modern equipment is constantly increasing. The Armed Forces of the RF are preparing for any possible armed conflict. Various types of exercise are being performed and frequently maneuvers are carried out in close proximity to the borders of NATO member states. However, it must be hoped that Russia’s leadership remains in the sphere of ‘dreams of power’, though the analysis of question marks emerging in the East should be a kind of basis for conclusions.

3

Anti-terrorist tasks of the Polish Armed Forces in situations of threats in the air and sea – a legal approach

100%

Kośka M.

Przegląd Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego

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2022

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vol. 14

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issue 26

378-393

EN

The article discusses the tasks carried out by the Polish Armed Forces to counter terrorist threats occurring in the airspace and maritime areas. The author analyzed legal acts that may contain regulations concerning the mentioned tasks. Listing counterterrorism tasks allows them to be systematized and can contribute to better preparation to counter threats.

4

Armed Forces Operation in the Scope of the Civilian Health Protection during Peacekeeping and Stabilization Missions: A Short Review

100%

Goniewicz K., Goniewicz M., Lasota D.

Safety & Defense

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2018

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vol. 4(1)

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issue 1

27-30

EN

Nowadays, the diversity of armed conflicts determines the participants of international relations to undertake various actions in the scope of civilian health protection. It should be noted that tasks resulting from civilian protection are fulfilled in numerous manners, depending on the situation of the armed conflict. The article presents actions undertaken by the armed forces in the scope of the civilian health protection during peacekeeping and stabilization missions. There are also presented engagement of Polish armed forces in Afghanistan and their actions to improve the civilian population.

5

Armed Forces as a Geopolitics Instrument from a Historical and Contemporary Perspective

100%

Ziętarski M.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2020

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vol. 34(34)

145-156

EN

Geography can restrain states, or create possibilities to the political activity that states carry out. Following Carl von Clausewitz, one can point to the relation between politics and war. The famous Prussian general claimed that war is an extension of politics made by means of the armed forces. Questions should therefore be posed how geography restrains or stregthens the activity of the armed forces, and how geopolitics determines the functioning of the military. The following article shows the abovementioned imperative in the historical as well as contemporary context. The aim of the study is to place the armed forces in the geopolitical framework and to show the cause-and-effect relationship between the operations of the armed forces and geopolitics. The research is carried out on the time axis: the time analysis is divided into the period of the Second World War, the Cold War and the post-Cold War period.

6

Opinia prawna na temat przedstawionego przez Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o stanie wojennym oraz o kompetencjach Naczelnego Dowódcy Sił Zbrojnych i zasadach jego podległości konstytucyjnym organom Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz niektórych innych ustaw

100%

Szmyt A.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2012

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issue 1(33)

172-176

EN

The opinion relates to presidential project amending Act on martial law and Act of competence of Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and its subordination to constitutional authorities of Republic of Poland and other acts, which was introduced to Marshal of the Sejm on 10th of July 2011. This project amends Acts contained in its title and Act on State of Emergency and Act of state of natural disaster. Author stresses that legislator should pass laws, which brings new legal norms, which are not included in current law. In opinion of the Author, interpretation of current law shall provide to conclusion that presidential project contains norms, already binding at the moment of introducing the amendment. Author criticizes definition of “cyberspace”, proposed by the project. In Author’s opinion this definition is not precisely specified. At the end of the opinion, Author repeats the thesis that, he doubts in necessity of this amendment, presented at the begging.

7

Cybersecurity in Hungary and Poland. Military aspects

100%

Bencsik A., Karpiuk M.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2023

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vol. 9

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issue 1

82-94

EN

Nowadays, ensuring cybersecurity is an important objective of public authority. It must take into account the protection of cybersecurity, both in the current and future perspectives. The state security policy must also take into account its dimension in cyberspace, especially today, where many services are provided through communication and information systems. A special place in the cybersecurity system is given to cyberspace security in the military dimension. In this regard, both the military administration and civil law entities, both acting for defence, will be competent. Effective military operations are directly linked to new digital technologies. As a result, for the sake of state security (both internal and external), it becomes necessary not only to respond to cyberattacks, but also to counteract them.

8

Zasady użycia sił zbrojnych w operacjach pokojowych

100%

Żarkowski P.

Doctrina. Studia społeczno-polityczne

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2015

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vol. 12

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issue 12

183-204

PL

The aim of article is describe the issues of uses an armed forces in peacekeeping operations and their influence on global security. Need to respond rapidly to security risks and difficulties in resolving disputes and conflicts through diplomacy have made it increasingly important nowadays peacekeeping missions. The decision to use the armed forces during these operations is usually difficult, lengthy and involves many considerations. Moreover, military operations are subject to political control and close supervision by the public. Modern peacekeeping operations are characterized by complex and multi–faceted action. These include military action, political, economic, social and cultural. The primary objectives of these missions should be civilian–military cooperation, close coordination at international level and at the national level. The main aim of the involvement of armed forces in peacekeeping operations has become primarily to reduce the wars and conflicts of the modern world. In retrospect participation of soldiers in peacekeeping operations is an important element in ensuring security in current international environment.

9

Dokument otwierający debatę na temat przyszłości europejskiej obronności

100%

Mik C., Mróz M.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2017

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issue 4(56)

79-95

EN

The submitted document opens the debate on the future of European defence. In the present geostrategic context, it is advisable that the European Union should increase its military potential by, inter alia, reducing the number of weapon systems, strengthening cooperation regarding defence industry, increasing operational interoperability and achieving strategic autonomy. The authors point out that the implementation of these goals may be difficult due to the fact that they assume, to a lesser or greater extent, limiting t defence autonomy of member states, as well as due to the controversy that would arise around a “fair” distribution of costs and profits among individual states related to the process of integration of the European defence industry.

10

The Armed Forces in the Process of Transformation of the State – the Case of Venezuela

100%

Krzywicka K.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2012

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vol. 41

248-271

EN

The National Armed Forces were created in Venezuela at the beginning of the 20th century. Gradually they became the main instrument in the political game and were used in forming a centralized national state. Along with subsequent transformations of the political system the position of the Armed Forces was getting stronger and they started to expand their role. The present article offers an analysis of the position and role of the Armed Forces in the process of transformation of the state in Venezuela. I will focus my attention on the changes that took place in the period of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. I will also analyze some earlier crucial phases in the 20th century history of the formation of the Venezuelan state.

11

Capacity building – how to encourage cyber-experts to join the military?

100%

Zdzikot T.

Cybersecurity and Law

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2020

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vol. 4

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issue 2

37-56

EN

One of the biggest challenges faced in building the capacity of armed forces to operate in cyberspace is to attract, improve and retain expert staff. Cyberspace is, after all, the only operational domain that has been entirely created by people, so people have to be able to use it and also to constantly create it anew. According to the estimates cited e.g. by ENISA in 2019, there was a shortage of over 4 million cybersecurity specialists on a global scale, and approx. 65% of organisations declared staff shortages in the area of tasks related to cybersecurity. A real race for specialists in this domain is observed among both international corporations and domestic companies from plenty of industries, critical infrastructure operators and, finally, intelligence services. In this inter-sectoral, global competition, the public sector (which includes the military) is often in a difficult situation because of the limited possibilities of using financial incentives. Considering the needs and constraints, a resources-building strategy should be adopted that uses all the advantages found within the range of influence of the military sector. The article discusses them using various approaches, based on actions successfully implemented by the Polish Ministry of National Defence under the programme of capacity building in the armed forces to operate in cyberspace. The first aspect the image, motivation and challenges. Service in the cyber armed forces component provides the opportunity to reach areas unattainable anywhere else, including constant interaction with a well-prepared and highly motivated enemy. The second point for consideration is education and continuous improvement. The possibilities to recruit experts who already have a good position in the commercial market are limited. Therefore, development of the military education system is the best way to ensure a steady inflow of staff. In Poland, it was decided both to use military academies for this purpose and a real educational ecosystem is being created and constantly developed, also including a military IT secondary school and a dedicated non-commissioned officer school. Civilian secondary schools run (in co-operation with the Ministry of National Defence, MON) profiled vocational training classes, students of civilian universities undergo military training in cybersecurity, and the performance improvement will be managed by the Expert Cybersecurity Training Centre. The third aspect is the Territorial Defence Force, which gives the opportunity in the Cyberspace Operations Team to combine military service and to continue previous professional work on an extremely competitive market.

12

Wojsko w systemie oświaty dorosłych

100%

Klimek K.

Rocznik Andragogiczny

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2008

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vol. R. 2008

134-144

EN

The author, on the background of the educational system for adults, has presented the army as an institution which, fulfilling determined function within state defense and security system, leads also education activities for soldiers. Schooling in the military has got long tradition and its history comes from the Kosciuszko Insurrection in 1794. Educational objectives in those times and later (Polish Legions, time of the second Commonwealth) had been aimed at coping with illiteracy and improving general knowledge of soldiers. After the recovery of Poland in 1918 to the rebuild Polish army came up to 40 % of illiterate conscripts. The contemporary military force conducts different forms of non-scholar professional education of soldiers - laying stress especially on the personnel self-improvement. In the educational self-improvement system of the service man the biggest role play post-graduate studies, qualification, specialist and language courses as well as military exercises. According to the researches conducted lately up to 60 % professional soldiers take a part in different courses, and this is determined by the qualification requirements on the posts their occupied - so claim 46 % examined staff. In addition in the framework of the educational activities there are also conducted cultural, recreation and sports activities which make an important element of all soldiers' development in modern military forces.

13

Assessing the potential of OSINT on the Internet in supporting military operations

100%

Lakomy M.

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2022

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vol. XLVIII

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issue 3

297-309

EN

This article briefly discusses some of the selected open-source intelligence methods on the Internet, which may be utilised to support activities of the armed forces. The paper examines this issue in two particular dimensions. On the one hand, it overviews some of the most popular means allowing supporting conventional operations, for instance, by geolocating hostile military infrastructure or troops. On the other hand, it explores some of the selected methods allowing to support cyber warfare. It concludes that open-source intelligence offers increasing capabilities, for instance, in detecting targets for offensive cyber operations or geolocating hostile troops. Nevertheless, it also has considerable limitations, particularly in terms of susceptibility to disinformation.

14

Directions and causes of changes in the command system and organization of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland

88%

Kamiński W.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2018

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vol. 31(31)

93-104

EN

The article presents the directions and causes of changes in the command system and organization of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland. It presents issues related to the changes that took place in the Polish Armed Forces after 1989 resulting from changes in the international security environment and resulting from Polish accession to the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

15

Kultura honoru w procesie socjalizacji zawodowej wojskowych

88%

Jarmoszko S.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2014

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issue 2

115-138

EN

Cherishing the value honour, in certain social circles, leads to the creation of a peculiar ‘culture of honour’ as a part of the general culture. The paper presents the basic knowledge in the field: a historical outline, examples of the bright as well as the dark side of the culture of honour, its definition, morphology and general theoretical assumptions. Additionally, the second part of the paper discusses the basic issues of honour in the armed forces, such as specifying the meaning of the term and the soldier’s dignity, the importance and functioning of the culture of honour in the military structure, the functions it serves and its place in the process of the military members’ professional socialisation.

16

THE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AS THE MOST THREAT AROUND THE WORLD

88%

Świderski K., Kuźniar Z.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2015

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vol. 20(20)

318-331

EN

International terrorism and the challenges and risks that are the main theme of this article. International terrorism have been referring to the instability of the banking sector, cyber-terrorism, organized crime, and above all to asymmetric methods of combat, which are characterized by high ruthlessness and cruelty. Actually we can see the changes in the strategy of used armed forces in the war against terrorists organization. In addition we will notice new alliances and coalitions between states which didn’t cooperate too close in the aim of political and diplomatic issues, before. Unfortunately, acts of terrorism increase and becoming stronger and brutal in the use of asymmetric methods and combat. Now we know that asymmetric methods are effective and cause real fear and sense of social threat around the world. I claimed that today we can see a new dimension of use of the armed forces in the fight against terrorism and we can see that this war encompasses a large area. This article contains information regarding the use of armed forces against the threat that is international terrorism.

17

USE AND EXPLOITATION OF THE POLISH ARMED FORCES IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT

88%

Cylkowski J.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2015

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vol. 20(20)

107-126

EN

This publication deals with the contemporary possibilities of using resources and the Polish Armed Forces in the process of crisis management. Newer threats and rapidly changing environment requires a new perspective on the role that should meet the Polish Armed Forces in ensuring the security of the country. New challenges require not only the creation of legislation that will provide capacity for action in the formal aspect, but also upgrading units and sub-dislocation of military units in order to effectively carry out the tasks of crisis management.

18

Systemy sztucznej inteligencji jako wyzwanie dla sfery bezpieczeństwa i obronności RP

88%

Fehler W., Araucz-Boruc A., Dana A., Lasota-Kapczuk A.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2021

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issue 2(70)

273-298

EN

The authors pointed out the basic challenges related to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the area of security and defence of the Republic of Poland. Challenges to Polish security and defence related to modern technologies, including the use of AI systems, arise from the fact that Poland remains outside the leading group of highly technologically advanced countries. It is necessary to implement organisational measures to strengthen and expand the technological potential of the state, above all the development of national solutions in the sector of new technologies and cyber security, and the creation of a comprehensive document that defines the strategic objectives in the area of AI use and the ways of their implementation.

19

Privatisation of Security: Private Military Contractors Serving Governments

88%

Piątek J.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2017

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vol. 2 (46)

118–131

EN

Privatisation of security did not appear in the process of revolution. Under conditions of deepening international relations, as well as integration and globalisation processes, security of the state, as well as other entities, is subject to a number of dependencies. The article casts some doubt on how much states are prepared to take such actions, while not losing the attribute of monopoly on violence. Moreover, the article presents doubts about the ranks of modern armed forces. Private Military Firms (PMFs) are new actors the actions of which affect the security. The contemporary image of the PMF functioning is a phenomenon on a global scale. In the twenty-first century, small businesses can have a huge impact on the reality and international affairs. Leaving military firms without state control proves that they do not understand the dynamics, range, risks and challenges posed by cooperation with entities that are allowed to use force. Furthermore, despite devastating consequences that occurred during the state stabilisation operations, these firms continued to outsource services to contractors, while not creating any legal control over them.

20

Kryzys Bundeswehry po zjednoczeniu Niemiec

88%

Rydel J.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

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2020

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issue 24

152-165

EN

The Bundeswehr, the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany, which was one of the strongest armies in NATO during the Cold War, is currently in serious crisis. After the reunification of Germany, the number of soldiers was quickly reduced and the defence spending dropped to 1.2 percent of the GDP. In 2004, the doctrine of using the Bundeswehr changed too. It was concluded that there was no risk of an attack on the German territory, so general conscription was abandoned and the supplies of weapons and ammunition needed for mobilization were liquidated. The army was to specialise in peace and stabilisation missions in endangered areas of the world. However, at present, Germany has far fewer soldiers on missions than, for example, France and Great Britain, and it consistently refrains from joining missions during which it is likely to participate in real combat operations. At present, the German army does not have a single brigade capable of taking part in a combat, and a small number of Luftwaffe airplanes and helicopters are technically sound, including Marine vessels. The situation of the Bundeswehr is complicated by the widespread pacifism in German society and the resulting lack of trust in, and aversion to the military.

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