Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 6

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  burial grounds
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
This article gives an overview of the evolution process of Rakvere city cemetery. The author analyses the spatial structure of the cemetery, which involves burial quarters, landscape and greenery. For centuries, Rakvere city cemetery has served as the last resting place for the people connected with this town. The cemetery has been expanded repeatedly, but it has finally reached its maximum possible size. This has created a necessity for new solutions, considering the increasing proportion of cremation funerals and changes in the customs related to death. The expansion of the globalising way of life gives rise to modernised funeral culture: beliefs and conceptions are modified and new traditions are being established. It is imminent that all this brings about changes in the structure of the existing historic cemeteries. The article gives recommendations for the better planning of Rakvere city cemetery in the future, in order to also preserve the old and valuable – our historic cemeteries.
PL
In response to the new find of a small silver trapezoid casket - i.e. kaptorga - from the grave of female H 2103 from Hostivice-Palouky, we focused our paper on the small group of such amulet caskets from Central Bohemia, decorated with engraved animal motifs on a punched background and with a knot made with the assistance of a pair of compasses on their lids and dated to the 2nd half of the 10th century. The kaptorga from Hostivice belongs to the Bohemian openable construction type IA, and was decorated with an engraving of a pair of birds with their heads turned on eitherr side of a stylized tree of life with leaf-shaped tendrils. Most of the finds from Hostivice, Klecany II, Praha-Lumbe Garden were produced in Prague during the 2nd half of the 10th century.
EN
For many decades, archaeologists were wondering what the spiritual life of prehistoric peoples inhabiting Polish territories looked like. With the beginning of the Mesolithic period our knowledge of that issue significantly expands. This is primarily due to a growing number of new discoveries of burials associated with the Mesolithic peoples. The main purpose of this paper is to present the graves of hunter-gatherers so far known in the literature that represent the Mesolithic stage of development on the territory of Poland. The article also makes an attempt to relate them to the various examples of burials in eastern and western Europe, and thus to interpret and to answer to some phenomena that are noticeable in the archaeological material such as: the numerous burials of women with small children, the specific arrangement of bodies and significant amounts of ochre found in burial pits in areas distant from natural deposits of this pigment. Although these phenomena are often quoted in the descriptions of Mesolithic burials, they still raise a number of questions.
PL
Od wielu dziesięcioleci naukowcy zadają sobie pytanie, jak wyglądało życie duchowe społeczeństw pierwotnych, zamieszkujących tereny dzisiejszej Polski. Wraz z rozwojem badań nad mezolitem nasza wiedza na ten temat zaczyna się znacznie poszerzać. Wynika to głównie z coraz to nowych odkryć pochówków wiązanych z ludami mezolitycznymi. Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja dotychczas znanych i opisanych w literaturze przedmiotu pochówków ludów łowiecko – zbierackich, reprezentujących na ziemiach polskich mezolityczny etap rozwoju. Zestawienie wspólnych cech obrządku pogrzebowego uchwytnych w materiale źródłowym takich, jak: sposób ułożenia zwłok, konstrukcje grobowe czy w końcu dary, które składano przy zmarłym. Tekst ten podejmuje próbę odniesienia tych cech do poszczególnych przykładów obrządku pogrzebowego z terenów wschodniej i zachodniej Europy. Podejmuje również próbę interpretacji niektórych zjawisk dostrzegalnych w materiale zabytkowym, takich jak: liczne pochówki kobiet z małymi dziećmi, specyficzny układ zwłok w niektórych przypadkach, czy w końcu znaczne ilości ochry, występujące w jamach grobów na terenach mocno oddalonych od naturalnych złóż tego pigmentu. Zjawiska te, choć często przytaczane w trakcie opisów pochówków mezolitycznych, po dziś dzień budzą wiele pytań.
EN
The ways of interpreting prehistoric burial grounds were modified several times within last decades. However, still dominant is the approach in which the most important is to document well, to systemize and to specify grave findings. The present paper considers the researches emphasizing the space relations in the burial ground area as well as the interrelations between ritual structures situated there. The grounds, in historical depiction, were analysed on the basis of the following methods: cultural evolutionism, positivism, structuralism, and also hermeneutics and phenomenology. Gradually, the attention was paid to the new research problems: distances between graves, directions of the burial grounds’ development, establishing their inner and outer boundaries, settlement of ritual structures (hearths, funeral pyres, concentration of pottery and stones) and the tradition of using the space of burial grounds in later historical periods. The conclusions presented in the paper show that the biography of archaeological structures, such as burial grounds, is initiated in primeval history but is completed by other generations of observers and researchers of those relics. Their space „text” is unceasingly read and interpreted.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie wieloletniego procesu kształtowania się ustawy o chowaniu zmarłych i stwierdzaniu przyczyny zgonów z 1932 r. oraz uzupełniającego ją rozporządzenia wykonawczego z 1933 r. Przez zarys historii zwyczajów dotyczących pochówku, a także dziejów regulacji prawnych z nim związanych od starożytności po XIX w., autor dociera do odrodzonego po latach zaborów państwa polskiego, które próbowało podjąć w tej dziedzinie własną działalność ustawodawczą. Podstawowe przepisy sanitarne związane z ekshumacją i przewożeniem zwłok udało się uchwalić bardzo szybko po odzyskaniu niepodległości, jednak kompleksowej i ujednolicającej tę trudną tematykę ustawy Polska międzywojenna doczekała się dopiero na początku lat trzydziestych. Na podstawie archiwalnych akt z Ministerstwa Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego autor podejmuje się przedstawienia chronologii prac nad ustawą z 1932 r. i oceny tego ponaddziesięcioletniego procesu.
EN
The article aims to present the long-term process of forming the Burial and Determining the Cause of Death Act of 1932 and its implementing regulation of 1933. Through the outline of the history of burial customs and the related legal rules from antiquity to the 19th century, the author focuses on interwar Poland, re-established after years of non-existence, which tried to undertake its own legislative activity in this field. Basic sanitary regulations regarding the exhumation and transportation of corpses were passed very quickly, but the comprehensive and unifying legal act in the matter of burial was not established until the beginning of the 1930s. On the basis of archival files of the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment, the author undertakes to present the chronology of work on the act of 1932, and to evaluate this process, which lasted over a decade.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.