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1
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Polskie nazwy pojazdów lotniczych na podstawie Wojskowego słowniczka lotniczego polsko-francusko-niemiecko-rosyjskiego [1922]

100%
Faliszewska P.
Poradnik Językowy
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2020
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vol. 774
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issue 5
88-99
EN
The paper is based on an analysis of names of aviation vehicles included in the Wojskowy słowniczek lotniczy polsko-francusko-niemiecko-rosyjski (Military Polish–French–German–Russian aviation glossary), published in 1922. The lexemes are examined in terms of the origin (whether they are loan-words or of Polish origin) and their structure in order to determine the rules underlying this linguistic process. Extralinguistic factors and events are also taken into consideration in the analysis, e.g. the development of Polish aviation, the social tendencies in the 1920s, conditions of military service.
2
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Polskie gwarowe nazwy dziko rosnących roślin zielnych na tle nazw słowiańskich i europejskich

88%
Waniakowa J.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2014
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issue 17
109-122
EN
The article claims that many Polish dialectal plant names are not folk in their origin. The only way to ascertain the true origin of a given name is by analysing the history of the dialectal name and the related names in other languages. Such analysis leads to the conclusion that Polish dialectal names have various origins. A part of them constitute truly dialectal names, i.e. such that originate from Polish dialects, another group consists of colloquial non-dialectal native names that have been adopted by given dialects, if they are relatively new or have been inherited. Yet another part comprises relatively new borrowings, and new calques. Yet another group originates from Old Polish forms no longer in use in non-dialectal Polish. The latter do not comprise a homogenous collection. They fall into three subgroups: Polish names originating in the Polish language or inherited from Old Slavic, old loanwords in use in Old Polish and no longer in use today with the exception of Polish dialects, and finally, there is also the often misclassified group of old calques. The recapitulation of this work emphasises the importance of a diachronic and comparative approach to the analysis of dialectal plant names. It highlights the existence of numerous calques, especially old ones, whose presence was previously overlooked due to their native and sometimes even truly dialectal character. Therefore, a superficial, synchronic analysis does not reveal their long and rich history, and the fact that they have their counterparts also in non-Slavic languages and often originate in antiquity.
3
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(PSEUDO)POLONISMS IN JOSEPH CONRAD’S AMY FOSTER AND PRINCE ROMAN AND THEIR POLISH TRANSLATIONS

88%
Kujawska-Lis E.
Acta Neophilologica
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2012
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vol. XIV/1
5-17
EN
Joseph Conrad’s language has been subject to various analyses regarding its uniqueness stemming from the writer’s trilingualism. Scholars have traced diverse influences from the French and Polish languages in this writer’s artistic output. Nevertheless, the effects of such influences are not thoroughly discussed. This article attempts to take a critical look at the outcomes deriving from the appearance of phrases which may be classified as Polonisms or pseudo-Polonisms in two short stories Amy Foster and Prince Roman and their translations into Polish. In the former story, untypical phrasings which may have been calqued from Polish serve to emphasise the alienation of the character of Yanko, in the latter, expressions which are generally common for both English and Polish highlight both the distinctiveness of Polish culture and its affinity with the European cultural setting. Unfortunately, in the translations into the language from which such linguistic or cultural concepts originated, such effects are much less distinctive.
4

O trudnościach w badaniu zapożyczeń semantycznych i kalk frazeologicznych

75%
Zabawa M.
Język Polski
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2015
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vol. 95
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issue 4
306-315
PL
Celem artykułu jest opis problemów, jakie może napotkać badacz zajmujący się angielskimi zapożyczeniami semantycznymi i kalkami frazeologicznymi funkcjonującymi w polszczyźnie. Pod uwagę wzięto m.in. konieczność odróżnienia zapożyczeń semantycznych od rodzimych innowacji semantycznych, kalk frazeologicznych od rodzimych neofrazeologizmów czy wreszcie angielskich zapożyczeń semantycznych od kalk. W artykule zostały omówione kryteria, jakie mogą być pomocne przy tego typu rozróżnieniach: leksykograficzne, korpusowe, semantyczne, analogii, kulturowe oraz źródła tekstu.
EN
The aim of the present paper is to describe the problems connected with the analysis of English semantic borrowings and calques functioning in Polish. Among others, the problems connected with distinguishing between (1) semantic borrowings and native semantic innovations, (2) calques and native phraseological innovations and (3) English semantic borrowings and English calques are discussed. Certain criteria, which might be useful in such differentiation, are also presented: they include the lexicographical criterion, corpus analysis, semantic criterion, the criterion of analogy, the criterion connected with cultural issues and the criterion of the text source.
5
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Substrate and Adstrate Influence on (Ki)Nubi: Evidence from Early Records

75%
Avram A. A.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2020
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vol. 10
7-21
EN
(Ki)Nubi is an Arabic-lexifier creole, spoken in Kenya and Uganda. Its substrate includes a wide range of languages, of various genetic affiliations: Nilo-Saharan (Acholi, Avokaya, Baka, Bari, Belanda Bor, Bongo, Didinga, Dinka, Jur, Lendu, Lotuho, Lugbara, Luo, Ma’di, Mamvu, Moru, Nuer, Päri, Shilluk) , as well as Niger-Congo (Mundu and Zande). The adstrate languages, all Niger-Congo, are Bangala, Swahili and Luganda. The present paper looks at a number of selected features of (Ki)Nubi which can be attributed to substrate and adstrate influence and which are attested in the earliest extant records of the language: Wtterwulghe (1904), Cook (1905), Jenkins (1909), Meldon (1913), and Owen & Keane (1915). Since (Ki)Nubi is believed to have creolized by the end of the 19th century, the records examined provide insights into the earlier stages of the language. The issues covered are developments in the phonology, calques, and loanwords. The analysis of the phonology of early (Ki)Nubi focuses on instances of substitutions of consonants and vowels, the occurrence of variation, “imported” phonemes, and the repair strategies employed for syllable restructuring. The calques recorded in early (Ki)Nubi are shown to be indicative of the existence of areal features, cutting across genetic affiliations. Wherever possible, loanwords are traced to their source languages. Also examined is the possibility of multiple etymology in the case of lexical items attested in several of the substrate and/or adstrate languages.
6
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The Old Church Slavonic Version of Epiphanius of Salamis’ Panarion in the Ephraim Kormchaya (the 12TH Century)

75%
Lekova T.
Studia Ceranea
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2019
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vol. 9
39-57
EN
The Panarion treatise is a dogmatic and polemical writing that earned Epiphanius his well-deserved reputation of a zealous defender of the Orthodox faith and a “hunter of heresies”. Its list of heresies was translated into Church Slavonic during the 1st Bulgarian Empire at the time of tsar Symeon and quickly spread throughout the Slavic-Orthodox world. It is a part of the oldest Slavonic version of Syntagma of XIV titles without any commentary (Syntagma XIV titulorum sine scholiis), called Efremovskaya Kormchaya. It is a monumental compendium of the centenary heresiological literature, and is the most complete treatise on heresies that the age of the Fathers left us. The paper presents a description of the three books and seven volumes of the Panarion with a list of eighty heresies, sects and schisms – twenty heresies before the incarnation of Christ and sixty of Christian times. Within the work attributed to Epiphanius, a chapter of the Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret of Cyrus and two other chapters of the theological-philosophical work Arbiter or Umpire by Joannes Philoponus have been identified. A number of 103 heresies was revealed, all of them ascribed to Epiphanius. It is presented as a preliminary study of 140 terms used by an anonymous Slavic translator. To the various lexemes, two different criteria have been applied: grammatical and semantic. The research determines 15 ethnonyms and eponyms, 60 anthroponyms formed on the names of the heresiarchs, 30 calques from Greek and 35 compounds. Among the latter, two distinct groups have been distinguished: structural calques, exactly corresponding to the Greek models, and “neologisms”, formally independent of the Greek formations. Adaptation to the original Bulgarian linguistic system was achieved by the translator (or the editor) by using interpretative supplements, i.e. glosses. It is assumed that the translator’s primary objective was to remain as faithful as possible to the Greek original. It turns out that the translator showed excellent knowledge of the comple XGreek models of word formation and exceptional skills in adapting them to the Palaeoslavic linguistic system. The compound lexemes were created for stylistic reasons and are a result of a specific translation technique.
7
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Rola słowników łaciny średniowiecznej w badaniach nad słowiańskimi nazwami roślin

71%
Waniakowa J.
Polonica
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2015
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vol. 35
71-80
EN
The aim of the article is to indicate how many Slavic dialectal plant names have Latin or even Greek origin. Conducting such research, linguists dealing with the history and origin of these names cannot be satisfied with solely Slavic sources and dictionaries, but should extend their research to Latin and Greek botanical names, both ancient and medieval, using obviously suitable sources in this domain. Medieval Latin dictionaries play a prominent role in such investigations providing ordered collections of plant names originating from ancient Latin documents, which otherwise remain largely inaccessible to slavists.
8
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Etymology and ethnolinguistics: Different methodologies with a common goal

63%
Waniakowa J.
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
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2020
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vol. 32
EN
The article focuses on the relationship between etymology and ethnolinguistics. The two fields come to foreground in analyses of dialectal plant names, especially of their origin. It is concluded that both fields should function in symbiosis and use each other’s achievements. Therefore, etymologists make ample use of ethnolinguistic findings in their semantic analyses. Those findings help determine the historical semantic motivation of the words being studied. Ethnolinguists, in turn, on the basis of etymological findings, arrive at the original senses of words, helpful in analysing their subjective meanings.
PL
Autorka skupia uwagę na relacjach między etymologią a etnolingwistyką, które uwidoczniają się przy analizie gwarowych nazw roślin, zwłaszcza przy ustalaniu ich pochodzenia. Ostatecznie dochodzi do wniosku, że obie dziedziny powinny pozostawać w symbiozie i wzajemnie korzystać ze swoich osiągnięć. W związku z tym etymolodzy podczas analiz semantycznych mogą korzystać obficie z wyników pracy etnolingwistów. Analizy etnolingwistyczne pomagają etymologom ustalić historyczną motywację semantyczną badanych wyrazów. Etnolingwiści z kolei, opierając się na ustaleniach etymologów, mogą docierać do pierwotnych sensów form wyrazowych, które są pomocne przy analizie subiektywnego znaczenia słów.
9
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Semantyczna historia obieżyświata

63%
Waniakowa J.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2019
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issue 14
262-267
EN
The article concerns the semantic development of the compositum obieżyświat ‘a person who likes to travel a lot’. It is interesting that the first attestation of the word in Old Polish (from the 15 th century) had a botanical meaning ‘Bupleurum rotundifolium L.’. The form obieżyświat was then the translation of the Old Latin plant names garowaga and girambula meaning ‘something that moves around’. The contemporary meaning of the compositum obieżyświat appeared only in the second half of the 19 th century.
10
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Čeština a angličtina v průsečíku lexikálních hybridů

45%
Bozděchová I., Klégr A.
Bohemistyka
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2023
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issue 1
19-38
EN
The paper is devoted to the analysis of the latest Czech vocabulary the hybridity of which results from the combination of word-formation means of Czech and English origin. It first focuses on the position of hybrid formations among borrowings and provides a terminological overview of the types of borrowing from English (anglicisms – pseudoanglicisms – calques – hybrids). Then, drawing on a sample of excerpts from contemporary Czech texts, it suggests possible classifications of hybrids with English word-forming elements and illustrates their different types.
CS
Příspěvek je věnován analýze nejnovější české slovní zásoby, jejíž hybridnost vyplývá ze spojení slovotvorných prostředků českého a anglického jazykového půvo- du. Nejprve se zaměřuje na postavení hybridních útvarů v rámci přejímek a poskytuje terminologický přehled typů přejímek z angličtiny (anglicismy – pseudoanglicismy – kalky – hybridy). Na základě vzorku excerpce ze současných českých textů pak naznačuje možné klasifikace hybridů s anglickými slovotvornými prvky a ilustruje jejich různé typy.
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