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Datowanie radiowęglowe grobów komorowych z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Sowinkach (stan. 23a) w Wielkopolsce

100%
Krzyszowski A., Błaszczyk D.
Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
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2016
|
vol. 21
214-234
PL
This paper presents and discusses the results of 14C dating of two chamber graves (no. 148 and 151) from the early medieval cemetery at Sowinki, site 23A (Wielkopolska).
2

Trójwymiarowa wizualizacja grobów odkrytych na halsztackim cmentarzysku w Domasławiu, stan. 10/11/12

100%
Markiewicz M.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
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2013
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vol. 61
215-231
EN
Three-dimensional reconstructions of artefacts and monuments play an increasingly important role in reconstructing and popularizing of the past. The 3D visualizations and animations perform an important function in museums and are used for education and popularization. The 3D software is an invaluable tool also for professionals. The visualizations were created at the Archaeological Rescue Research Team of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences in Wrocław. They will be a graphic supplement to published results of excavations conducted in the years 2006-2008 at the Hallstatt cemetery in Domasław. Digital images of some selected graves were made under the project: The Hallstatt painted pottery from Domasław, site No. 10/11/12, Wrocław District, implemented by the Institute and funded by the National Science Centre for the years 2010-2013. The three-dimensional reconstructions of the Hallstatt graves from Domasław were created using 3D graphic software Autodesk 3ds Max 2011 with the rendering engine V-ray Adv for 3 dsmax 2011 (Chaos Group). Spatial presentation of the burials with regard to the layout of the equipment, in particular the position of painted vessels in the aspect of funeral rites, was the aim of the three-dimensional digital illustration. The visualizations were created as a result of the analysis and interpretation of the source materials, in accordance with the guidelines from the London Charter and the Lausanne Charter. Two chamber graves: No. 521 and No. 4270, in which a unique wagon model was discovered, have been reconstructed using the latest in digital techniques. Two urn graves: No. 799 and No. 12108, have been also reconstructed. Four cremation graves, selected for the reconstruction, represent different types of burials discovered at the cemetery in Domasław. Two of them were richly equipped chamber graves (No. 521 and No. 4270), and the other two were rather poorly equipped urn burials, without any kind of inner construction (No. 12108), as well as surrounded by cobbles (No. 799). Four burials discovered at the Hallstatt cemetery in Domasław have been reconstructed using advanced software for creating three-dimensional graphics. 16 digital illustrations were created as a result of this work. They reconstruct the appearance of the burials with regard to the layout of the equipment, in particular the position of painted vessels. The virtual reconstruction has enabled to present visually and to verify the data collected in the course of the excavation. Thanks to solid preliminary source research, the 3D reconstructions have been historically reliable. Proper archiving and documenting of the reconstruction process have been also provided, so that the collected data can be easily verified, updated and corrected if necessary. The three-dimensional reconstructions of the burials from the Hallstatt cemetery in Domasław are intended for an exhibition presenting the results of research at this extremely rich site.
3
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Chamber graves of the Bylany culture (Ha C – Ha D1) in north-western Bohemia

88%
Půlpan M., Reszczyńska A.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
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2013
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vol. 8
173–235
EN
This article explores the notion of chamber graves of the Bylany culture (Ha C – Ha D1) from selected sites in north-western Bohemia. The analytical part of the paper examines direct and indirect evidence for the occurrence of such wooden features in grave-pits. Further sections present the negative effects which the post-depositional processes may have had on the archaeological material. The major part of this study discusses the functions, techniques and forms of chamber graves and explores the diversity of such features with regard to their construction, arguing that the main evidence that proves the existence of a chamber is a wooden roof. In result of the conducted analyses the authors propose several reconstructions of different variants of chambers of the Bylany culture. The occurrence of chambers is traditionally associated with a group of largest and most lavishly equipped graves with parts of horse harness, wagons and weapons. However, a thorough analysis of cemeteries of the Bylany culture in north-western Bohemia has revealed that also modestly furnished graves may have contained chambers. The problems discussed within this paper may form a basis for future interpretations of the social structure of Hallstatt period societies
4

O interpretacji etnicznej wczesnośredniowiecznych pochówków elitarnych. Skandynawowie w państwie pierwszych Piastów i na Pomorzu?

75%
Sikora J.
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
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2013
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issue 54
61-96
PL
This paper discusses two groups of early medieval burials associated with the elites of the Piast state and Pomeranian duchies: chamber graves and graves with stone constructions. Features associated with the first group appear in the Piast state and in Eastern Pomerania in the fourth quarter of the 10th century, while in Western Pomerania in the second half of the 11th and in the 12th centuries. Some, especially dating from the 10th and 11th centuries, were interpreted by Polish archaeologists as material traces of the migration of Scandinavians. A similar interpretation was also presented with reference to the graves with stone constructions, known mainly from the areas of Mazovia, Podlasie and Central Poland, where they appeared from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, but mainly from the second quarter of the 11th century. Previously, these graves were considered typical of the ethnic Polish (or particularly Mazovian) population. This article is an attempt to critically review these interpretations in the light of an analysis of burials and burial sites, primarily with respect to modern theories of ethnicity and archaeology as a cognitive discipline in the field of ethnic studies. The analysis presented tends to consider at least some of these graves as burials of local elites, and challenges or questions the possibility of their identification as burials of Scandinavians in the current state of research.
5
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Dieta elit państwa wczesnopiastowskiego w świetle badań izotopowych

63%
Błaszczyk D., Drozd-Lipińska A., Krzyszowski A., Poliński D., Wrzesińska A., Wrzesiński J.
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
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2021
|
issue 1 (28)
11-35
EN
This study presents and discusses the results of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes analysis of individuals belonging to the social elites buried in chamber graves from the area of the first Piast state (the 2nd half of the 10th and the 1st half of the 11th c.).
6
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Przestrzeń rozświetlona. Znaleziska świec i wosku w grobach komorowych na terenie Europy Środkowowschodniej

63%
Janowski A.
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia
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2014
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vol. 60
121-130
XX
Among many items which were found in early medieval chamber graves in Eastern-Central Europe are pieces of wax and candles (fig. 1). These artifacts were discovered in seven graves at four cemeteries in Gnezdovo (graves C-198, C-301 and C-306) (fig. 2-4; 7; 8.1-8), Pskov (graves 3 and 6) (fig. 5), Shestovitsa (mound 42) and Timerevo (mound 100) (fig. 6; 8.9). All of these graves were covered with mounds and contained inhumations with very rich grave-goods. The dead were buried with their heads to the west. Candles were found predominantly in female graves (Gnezdovo graves C-198, C-301 and C-306; Pskov grave 3) or in chamber graves containing two individuals (male and female) in association with the females (Timerevo grave 100). The chronology of the graves is very similar – all are dated to the second half of the 10th century. Candles were placed on the periphery in eastern (Gnezdovo graves C-301 and C-306, Pskov grave 6) or southern (Pskov grave 3, Shestovitsa mound 42) part of the chamber. The number of candles in particular graves ranged from one (Pskov grave 6, Shestovitsa grave 42, Timerevo grave 100) to as many as twelve examples (Gnezdovo grave C-306). Apart from chamber graves, from Russia and Ukraine there are also other types of graves, dated to the second half of the 10th – 11th century, which contained wax and candles. They were found in Gnezdovo (grave L-148) (fig. 8.11), Timerevo (mound 323) (fig. 8.10), Saki (mound 54(1)) (fig. 8.13), Starcy (fig. 8.14) Vahrushevo (mound CXVI), and Sednev (mound 2(1886) (fig. 8.12). Parallel finds are also known from Western and Northern Europe. The oldest discovery comes from the cemetery in Oberflacht dated to the 6th-7th century (fig. 9.3-5), and the youngest from Norway (graves in Grønhaug, Storhaug, Oseberg, Larvik and Lille Gullkronen (mound 7)) and Denmark (graves in Jelling, Mammen (fig. 10), Søllested, Brandstrup (fig. 9.2; 11). In the Early Middle Ages wax was a valued commodity and probably fairly expensive. Scholars point out that wax and candles in funerary contexts are connected with individuals of high material and social status. Candles can also have a very deep symbolic meaning in pagan and Christian beliefs. Chamber graves with candles are probably older than the official date of the Christianisation of Rus’ (988/989), but the people in places like Gnezdovo, Pskov, Timerevo and Shestovitsa had contact with Christianity about 100 years earlier. Chamber graves with candles contain Christian symbols like silver crosses/ pendants and other (fig. 12). In my opinion candles had an apotropaic meaning, and the graves with candles may be interpreted as a sign of an individual conversion of social elite to Christianity before official Christianisation.
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