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EN
The paper analyzes the data collected during interviews recorded with Polish-French and Polish-English-speaking bilingual children living in Poland, aged from 4 to 8. The task given to the participants was to describe spatial situations in a series of images by answering the researcher’s question where is X? The answers were supposed to follow the BLC (Basic Locative Construction) pattern. The given locative constructions were then transcribed in CHAT format and analyzed in order to find out what the children’s repertoire of locative prepositions in both language groups is, if the prepositions follow the order of acquisition for both French and English and if any discrepancies in the use of prepositions might result from interlingual transfer.
PL
It was important for the study to determine the frequency of the analysed part of speech. As a result of investigation of the linguistic material it has been demonstrated that nowadays the particles constitute 12.8% of the wordforms used by children. The particle no represented 2.2% of the total of used words. The obtained results have been compared with the data collected during similar research, which was completed thirty years ago (7.5% – all particles, 1.6% – the particle no). On the basis of a comprehensive analysis and the comparison of research results, it can be concluded that in the contemporary spoken Polish of children there occurred a visible increase in the use of particles. This, in turn, may be a symptom of the impoverishment of the Polish language.
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EN
The study proposes a linguistic analysis of children’s utterances with regard to their (linguistic and metalinguistics) reflection on the language they acquire. The aim of the analysis is to find out at what level and in what aspects children observe speech and how they talk about language. Metalinguistic reflection has been a subject of psychological research but there is little such reflection from the linguistic perspective relating to children. Psychologists are divided on the issue of (meta)linguistic awareness, therefore the assumption can be made that for linguistic behaviour to be considered metalinguistic it must be performed consciously, it must involve reflective thinking, and the intention to control one’s actions. The empirical part of the study, i.e., an analysis of a corpus of children’s reflective utterances about language, has led to the following conclusions: children think of what and how they say, they analyse their own utterances and those of others. Their reflective thinking functions at various levels of linguistic organization: phonological, lexical, syntactic, morphological. They pay attention to collocations, identify registers and lexis-based styles, play with words and their meanings. Without a conceptual framework at their disposal, they can devise their own.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest lingwistyczna analiza wypowiedzi dziecięcych pod kątem ich refleksji (językowej i metajęzykowej) nad przyswajanym językiem. Badanie będzie próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, na jakich poziomach, w jakim wymiarze badane dzieci obserwują mowę oraz jak mówią o języku za pomocą samego języka. O ile na gruncie psychologii odnotowuje się prace poświęcone metajęzykowi, o tyle w lingwistyce trudno dotrzeć do badań skoncentrowanych na metajęzyku tak specyficznego użytkownika języka, jakim jest dziecko. Niejednorodność poglądów psychologów odnośnie do rozumienia pojęcia świadomości (meta)językowej pozwala mimo wszystko oprzeć analizę na podstawowym założeniu, że o zachowaniach językowych – by mogły zostać uznane za metajęzykowe – można mówić wtedy, kiedy człowiek wykonuje je świadomie, kiedy posiada zdolność refleksji nad językiem oraz wykazuje intencję kontrolowania własnej aktywności.Część empiryczna artykułu, obfitująca w liczne wypowiedzi dzieci świadczące o ich refleksji nad językiem, pozwoliła na wyciągnięcie konkretnych wniosków: dzieci myślą o tym, co i jak mówią, analizują wypowiedzi swoje oraz innych; refleksji dziecięcej podlegają różne poziomy języka: fonologiczny, leksykalny, składniowy, analizują i różnicują skład morfemowy leksemów, zwracają uwagę na stałe połączenia wyrazów, identyfikują określony rejestr językowy oraz kwestie stylistyczne dotyczące użycia wyrazów, nie operując sprawnie aparatem pojęciowym są w stanie same wymyślić własny, umieją bawić się słowami oraz ich znaczeniami.
PL
W artykule wskazano na celowość ścisłego powiązania wiedzy z gramatyki opisowej z wiedzą o procesach historycznojęzykowych w nauczaniu językowym na studiach logopedycznych. Analiza językoznawcza, w tym historycznojęzykowa, wyjaśnia bowiem szereg zjawisk obserwowanych w rozwoju językowym dziecka oraz w zaburzeniach rozwoju mowy i zaburzeniach mowy.
EN
The authors of the article indicate the appropriateness of binding the knowledge of descriptive grammar with the knowledge of diachronic processes in the linguistic course in logopaedic studies. The linguistic analysis, including the diachronic analysis, explains a series of phenomena that may be observed both in the development of speech ability among children and in disorders of speech development that some of them experience.
Acta onomastica
|
2024
|
vol. 65
|
issue 1
27-59
EN
The present study seeks to investigate the use of anthroponyms in bilingual primary schoolers’ written speech and analyze the effect that the Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism produces on the process of mastering proper names and their specific case forms. The study materials include 1,505 letters to St. Nicholas written by pupils of 2–4 forms from schools in Sumy. The pupils’ language socialisation involves continued exposure to the mass Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism, with Surzhyk (mixed Ukrainian-Russian speech) commonly used for family communication. The nucleus of the anthroponymic field is determined by the children’s age characteristics and the text genre – it includes proper names of the children who wrote the texts. The peripheral position is occupied by the names of children from the authors’ immediate surroundings, as well as by those of their parents and teachers. Based on the analysis of text localisation of the anthroponyms under study, the use of proper names depends on the compositional element of the text and rules of etiquette. The pupils display a tendency to combine both full and short variants of proper names. As a result of bilingualism, the pupils frequently use hybrid anthroponyms – with interference detected in both formal and informal proper names. Another tendency is inconsistent use of the vocative case: in the vocative position, it is often substituted by the substandard form of the nominative case. Further research may lie in comparing the use of anthroponyms in bilingual children’s oral and written speech.
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