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PL
In the article, the author discusses and accepts the need to rejuvenate the chronology of the beginnings of the Funnel Beaker culture in the Polish Plain which should be then dated to about 4200/4100 years BC. While accepting such an approach, the author presents also some of its consequences – e.g. multi-stylistic of pottery and variability of environments inhabited by the earliest Funnel Beaker communities. The article also presents some suggestions concerning the participation of huntergatherers and early agrarian groups in the shaping of this culture in the Polish lowlands. It also raises some questions, which, under the new chronological circumstances, await further archaeometric data and proper discussion.
PL
Celem artykułu jest opisanie i sproblematyzowanie fenomenu wstecznej narracji filmowej. Filmy takie jak „Happy End“, „Zdrada“, „Dwie przyjaciółki“, „Miętowy cukierek“, „Memento“, „5x2“ czy „Nieodwracalne“ w różny sposób funkcjonalizują chwyt odwróconej chronologii sekwencji. Jego rolą jest nie tylko stymulowanie aktywności odbiorczej, lecz także redefinicja, czy też dekonstrukcja konwencji gatunkowych oraz form identyfikacji widza z bohaterem. Nowatorstwo strukturalne i samozwrotność tych filmów sprawiają, że ich interpretacja musi uwzględniać także „fikcyjne doświadczenie czasowe“ (Paul Ricoeur). Autorka bada wsteczną narrację z perspektywy poetyki historycznej i form recepcji. Artykuł zawiera analizę sposobów, w jakie odwrócona chronologia sekwencji przedstawia kwestie epistemologiczne oraz opozycję przyszłości i przeszłości. Kontekstem analitycznym artykułu są narzędzia wypracowane przez narratologię (Mieke Bal) i teorię neoformalno-kognitywną.
EN
The aim of the article is to describe and problematize the phenomenon of reverse film narration. Films such as „Happy End“, „Betrayal“, „Two Friends“, „Peppermint candy“, „Memento“, „5x2“ or „Irreversible“ use the technique of the reverse sequence of events in different ways. Its role is not only the stimulation of the reception by the audience, but also a redefinition, or perhaps deconstruction of genre conventions and forms of viewer’s identifications with the protagonist. The structural innovation and self reflexivity of these films mean that their interpretation must also consider fictitious experience of time (Paul Ricoeur). The author reflects on reverse narrative from the perspective of historical poetics and forms of reception. The article contains an analysis of ways in which reverse sequence chronology presents epistemological matters and the opposition between the future and the past. The analytical context for the article is provided by the tools developed in narratology (Mieke Bal) and neoformal-cognitive theory.
EN
While numerous studies have attempted to reconcile the relative sequence of Late Tripolye sites with 14C data, results have generally conformed to the general, monolithic periodization of the Cucuteni-Tripolye cultural complex. When viewed as a multi-linear process occurring on the level of numerous interrelated regions, the development of local groups assigned to the periods CI, CI-II and CII can be shown to have a high degree of spatiotemporal variability and overlap. In this article we explore the synchronicity of interactions between groups assigned to different typo-chronological periods and propose a revised hybrid chronology for Late Tripolye development that considers both relative and absolute chronological indicators.
EN
Rzepecki’s article on the thanatology of Middle Neolithic populations in Kujawy that was published in the previous volume of Sprawozdania Archeologiczne provokes a very interesting and important discussion regarding archaeology of funerary practices. This brief comment contributes to the discussion regarding several related topics.
The Biblical Annals
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2000
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vol. 47
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issue 1
39-61
PL
La chute du Royaume de Juda constitue évidemment une date fondamentale dans toute l’historie de la Nation Elue. Elle coïncide avec l’écroulement de la dynastie Davidique, la destruction du Temple et de Jérusalem et la déportation de la meilleure partie de la nation en Babylonie. Ce désastre énorme a été causé dans certaine mesure par les derniers rois judaïques du Sion qui, malgré les conseils du prophéte Jérémie, n’avaient pas réussi à trouver un mode de coexistence avec les puissances de l’époque, et surtout avec la Babylonie qui vers la fin du VIIme siècle succéda à l’Assyrie dans la domination sur le Proche Orient ancien. Bien que la chronologie biblique présente des difficultés sérieuses il est raisonnable de constater que la destruction du Premier Temple et le début de l’Exil s’effectua en 19me année de Nabuchodonosor et 11me année du roi Sédécjas, c’est-à-dire pendant l’été 586 avant J. -Chr.
PL
The issue of the earliest medieval settlement in West Pomerania continues to generate discussions in the context of its dating and spread to various regions. The latest growth in the number of new archaeological sources related to this issue necessitates a new approach to the process of formation thereof. An attempt at explaining the chronological relations of this settlement in the face of the latest ancient settlement is a separate issue.
PL
The issue of the earliest medieval settlement in West Pomerania continues to generate discussions in the context of its dating and spread to various regions. The latest growth in the number of new archaeological sources related to this issue necessitates a new approach to the process of formation thereof. An attempt at explaining the chronological relations of this settlement in the face of the latest ancient settlement is a separate issue.
EN
In the article the author aims at verifying the previous studies concerning the presence of the Pomeranian Culture in the south-east Poland. He bases his study on new sources and results of scientific datings. The new materials indicate that the Pomeranian Culture was more significant in the south-east Poland that it was previously estimated. The obtained chronological data enables us to assign the Pomeranian Culture materials to the period between HaD3 (HaD3/LtA ?) and LtC, i.e. from the end of the 4th to the mid-3th century BC. Some data suggests considerable degree of microregional diversity of the settlement. What is important, however, is the presence of permanently utilized settlements. Succession is characteristic for many of them: the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture from the Early Iron Age was followed by the Pomeranian Culture.
10
88%
EN
This paper discusses scientific history of ethnography and ethnologyas disciplines, and their most significant bearers who established numerous institutions and new research perspectives in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croatans and Slovenians and later in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between the world wars. The discussed events reflect the then scientific policy in ethnography and ethnology in Yugoslavia between 1918 and 1941.
EN
The paper addresses the problem of the use of Bayesian methods for modelling age of the Magdalenian settlement on the territory of contemporary Poland. Basing on 14C datings of 10 sites we present the chronological frames of settlement on particular sites and we model occupation dynamic of Polish territory. Bayesian methods made it possible to clarify and in some cases to significantly narrow time frames of Magdalenian settlement on the research area.
EN
In 1963, during excavations at site 1 in Samborzec two graves of the Złota culture were discovered. This paper presents the discoveries, which have previously been published several times, in full. The features comprised collective graves with secondary fragmentation of the bodies evident. One of the burials was likely to a niche construction. Another burial (No. 12) had a particularly interesting and rich set of grave goods, including copper objects among other artefacts of ceramic and flint finds typical of the Złota culture. Radiocarbon determinations of the graves dated them to the first half of the third millennium BC.
Język Polski
|
2015
|
vol. 95
|
issue 1-2
171-179
PL
Na temat chronologii jednego z najważniejszych zabytków języka polskiego – Kazań świętokrzyskich — wypowiadało się wielu badaczy. Rozbieżności pomiędzy ich stanowiskami były bardzo duże: od XII do połowy XIV wieku. W swoim artykule autorka wykorzystała dane językowe pochodzące ze ściśle datowanych dokumentów z XIII i XIV wieku. Najważniejszym zjawiskiem jest w tym wypadku pisownia i wymowa samogłosek nosowych. Na podstawie analizy tego zjawiska, częściowo także innych, autorka stwierdziła, że tekst Kazań świętokrzyskich, będący kopią starszego oryginału, pochodzi prawdopodobnie z początku XIV wieku, oryginał zaś jest niewiele starszy (może z przełomu XIII i XIV wieku).
EN
Numerous scholars have done research in the area of the chronology of one of the most important relics of the Polish language, i.e. Kazania świętokrzyskie (The Holy Cross Sermons). They took divergent standpoints as to the age of the sermons which have been dated between the 12th and mid-14th centuries. The present article makes use of language data obtained from documents dated precisely for the 13th and 14th centuries. The most important features are the spelling and pronunciation of nasal vowels. Having analyzed these and some other features, the author concludes that the text of The Holy Cross Sermons, which is a copy of an older original, probably dates back to the early 14th century. The original version is not much older, going back perhaps to the turn of the 14th century.
EN
In the last decade, the Hungarian research of settlements belonging to the Przeworsk culture, generally identified with the Germanic Vandals, yielded important new results. The aim of this paper is to summarize these latest results based on which it also discusses the extension of the settlement territory, the problems of relative chronology, the evolution of material culture as well as the relations of the above-mentioned Germanic ethnic group in the Roman Imperial Age.
EN
In many parts of Norway different folk dress developed during preindustrial time and some were still in use during 20th Century. Today they are sustained and in use for special occasions. Older folk dress is also revitalized as part of today’s cultural heritage. This paper presents the revival of folk dress in Norway and discusses how questions of time are represented in the work of revitalization. Folk dress of one particular area of western Norway serves as a case study for this survey. The main goal with this paper is to reveal how chronology and art history as well as trends and traditions are entangled in the complexities of folk dress.
EN
The so-called elective prophecy by Georg Joachim Rheticus (1514–1574) was written most likely in the early 1560s and widely disseminated in a significant number of copies, textual variants, and translations into the German and Polish languages. This abundance of copies led to a great confusion concerning the original character of Rheticus political horoscope, followed by a series of explanatory notices, as the late and corrupted variants had been quite often taken as representative for the entire tradition of this text. This article seeks to discuss the nature of previous misconceptions regarding the original character of the prophecy in the light of the most reliable witness (MS Wrocław, Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Akc. 1949/594, fols 56v–57v) and other variants located in European libraries. It also aims to shed some critical light on probable origins of Rheticus’s horoscope and the way it evolved into a popular prophecy, deprived of proper astrological apparatus, and shaped political opinion among the members of the Polish nobility (szlachta).
EN
The article presents the results of another archaeological analysis carried out on materials from an early medieval settlement in Dusina in southern Greater Poland. The data obtained during the excavations, during the millennium research, prompted the recognition of the settlement as the oldest motte-type object in Poland. During the verification of the old findings, the ceramic material and the stratigraphic situation were re-analyzed, radiocarbon dating was made, and historical and cartographic data were used to confirm the chronology of the stronghold as well as the course of events that led to severe damage and disturbance of the original appearance of the stronghold. A contour plan and a model of the terrain were also prepared.
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