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EN
Ways of Conceptualising Male and Female Genitalia in Spanish and Polish: a Contrastive StudyThe article deals with the reconstruction of the ways of conceptualising male and female genitalia encoded in Spanish and Polish lexicon. In order to carry out our investigation we propose a 5-stage analytical procedure based on the ideas developed previously by Pragglejaz Group in 2007 and by the investigators from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul in 2009. We pretend to demonstrate that the metalexicographic analysis applied to cognitive studies enables us to observe some interesting linguistic trends which reflect sociocultural attitudes towards, among others, erotic issues.
EN
This paper is devoted to the analysis of the cognitive metaphor verbalization of THINKING IS A JOURNEY on the examples from Lexical semantics by J.D. Apresjan. Basing on the theory of cognitive metaphor by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, the author of the article attempts to analyze and present the role of the abovementioned metaphor in scientific texts.
EN
The paper deals with the concepts of GOOD and BAD as reflected in the Bulgarian lexical system within the framework of the Cognitive Metaphor Theory, developed by Lakoff and Johnson. The study claims that the concepts of GOOD and BAD are undoubtedly grounded in human experience but are conceptualized by means of metaphors as such concepts do not exist objectively in the physical world but result from human understanding of it. The cognitive metaphors discussed in the paper are studied with reference to human understanding of order, orderliness and disorder, chaos in the world.
PL
Kategorie DOBRA i ZŁA w języku bułgarskim na podstawie wyobrażeń o ŁADZIE i PORZĄDKU oraz NIEPORZĄDKU i CHAOSIEW artykule poddano analizie koncepty DOBRA i ZŁA, odzwierciedlone w systemie leksykalnym języka bułgarskiego, z perspektywy kognitywnej teorii metafory G. Lakoffa i M. Johnsona. Badanie opiera się na założeniu, że koncepty DOBRO i ZŁO należą niewątpliwie do bezpośredniego doświadczenia ludzkiego, ale mimo to podlegają metaforyzacji dzięki faktowi, że nie istnieją obiektywnie, lecz są wynikiem ludzkiego rozumienia świata. Analiza zebranego materiału prowadzi do wniosku, że przedstawione w opracowaniu kognitywne metafory bazują na pojęciach ładu i porządku oraz nieporządku i chaosu w świecie.
RU
The paper deals with the concepts of good and bad as reflected in the Bulgarian lexical system within the framework of the Cognitive Metaphor Theory, developed by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson. The study claims that the concepts of good and bad are undoubtedly grounded in human experience but are conceptualized by means of metaphors as such concepts do not exist objectively in the physical world but result from human understanding of it. The cognitive metaphors, discussed in the paper, are studied with reference to human understanding of order, orderliness and disorder, chaos in the world.
PL
This paper discusses John Searle’s biological naturalism and George Lakoff’s embodied mind hypothesis. These theories are presented as examples of a certain part of the philosophy of mind that breaks with the tradition launched by Descartes. In both cases, the break from this tradition is indicated to be a radical one as the theories argue not only against Cartesian dualism - the basic philosophical categories utilized by Descartes are being questioned. This attempt of departure from distinctions that seem to form a great part of the contemporary philosophy of mind may stand for a chance to provide a new perspective for some old philosophical problems.
EN
The linguistic and cultural units war in the sphere of Ukrainian prose in the context of cognitive linguistic, linguistic culture and social linguistic with using of conceptual and cognitive approach is studied. This approach allows to model and reflect the structural elements of speech act participants’ consciousness, it is based on the concept analysis, linguistic and cultural units, metaphorical models and stereotypes, which are the base of a specific conception.
EN
The conceptual images of erotic relations in Spanish. Analysis of some linguistic aspects of The Turkish passion by Antonio GalaIn this paper we try to systematize the contemporary Spanish expressions related to the erotic relations. The corpus is based on the novel by Antonio Gala The Turkish Passion (orig. La pasión turca) which, thanks to its plot with higly erotic content, constitutes an important source of linguistic material for our investigation. The analysis we propose reflects the methodology developed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in their studies concerning the cognitive theory of metaphor. According to them, every concept consists of a source and a target domain and while expressing one idea we refer to another. Our analysis focuses on the reconstruction of the conceptual domains by means of which the Spanish writer describes the erotic relations. Although the book does not include all the erotic vocabulary and expressions which exist in contemporary Spanish, it enables us to observe some regularities in the use of metaphors in Spanish and reveal some sociocultural phenomena encoded in the linguistic material.
EN
The present work is devoted to the phenomenon of cognitive metaphor and its role in shaping the emotional basis of Joseph Brodsky’s poetry. Cognitive metaphor in the poem Six years later is considered as an element of a complex mental space (the area of sensory or social experience). The phrases map the system of cognitive mechanisms in Russian consciousness, the metaphorical complex of representation of concepts such as Russian culture purity, humility, depression/ lack of freedom, despair and openness. In the poem these concepts create a kind of metaphorical coordinate system, which is based on the archetypal associations.
EN
In the linguistic picture of a path, which constitutes one of the elements adding up to the picture of the world created in “Armia’s” lyrics , a prototypical path, comprehended literally, leads to the abstract concept of the metaphor LIFE / DEATH IS A PATH. Not only is this particular metaphor constructed by the domain of space, but also by the domain of time (path - space-time continuum) since covering any distance consumes time, and life itself reflects existence in time. In this picture, life is a kind of path leading to death. This path strictly depends on man – a wanderer who, firstly, chooses a certain direction and, then acts according to the stipulated conditions. There are two types of path: a straight path, which imposes an upright way of behaviour, and a winding path – the antithesis of the former one. The choice of a proper path is troublesome and hence life understood as a constant struggle seems to be justified. It is only God who can lead the human being out of the path marked by sin. Therefore, the conceptual metaphor LIFE / DEATH IS A PATH may be analysed in the perspective of Christianity.
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