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EN
The article discusses cognitive poetics as an important theoretical framework in contemporary literary studies, in the context of the publication of the second, revised edition of Peter Stockwell’s Cognitive Poetics: An Introduction (2020). First, the authors discuss critical comments put forward by scholars with respect to Stockwell’s earlier studies in cognitive poetics, and next, from a literary-studies perspective they carry out an overall assessment of the revisions and modifications introduced in the book’s current edition. Irrespective of some critical remarks, there is no doubt that thanks to the changes, the inspirational value of Stockwell’s book has been enhanced.
XX
In order to describe how “literary reading” proceeds, cognitive poetics makes a distinction within formal signs between “backgrounding elements”, which act as agents of automatic reading, and “foregrounding elements”, which require a more complex process of text elaboration and comprehension of the text meaning. To the first group of background elements belong all familiar words and signs compatible with normal use and expectation. This article aims to show how function words, i.e. ordinary words with limited meaning which seem to be natural candidates to serve as background elements, can express ambiguous relations, thus fulfilling a „poetic function“. The article deals with grammatical means of the German language: personal pronouns, the coordinating conjunction und, the negative particle nicht.
EN
The article, from the perspective of cognitive literature, describes the mechanisms of postmodernist thinking and associated elements of poetics — in particular, the technique of artistic writing, associated with the left hemisphere of the brain.
EN
This paper applies the Deictic Shift Theory (DST) – as developed within the paradigm of cognitive poetics – to the analysis of Charles Williams’s short story, Et in Sempiternum Pereant. It is argued that by employing DST it is possible to account for the reader’s interpretations, which result from her/his “getting immersed” in and “moving” mentally through the story world, regardless of its “metaphysical” quality.
EN
Based on the Deictic Shift Theory as adopted by cognitive poetics (Stockwell 2002), this paper offers an account of fear generating mechanisms involving spatial, temporal, perceptual, relational and compositional deictic shifts in Angela Carter’s The Bloody Chamber. Focusing on the ways the reader gets involved in the terrifying story of Carter’s protagonist, the paper uncovers the complex mechanism of the “production of horror” in the text.
EN
The aim of the present article is to show that such concepts from cognitive linguistics as aspects of construal, semantic frames and idealised cognitive models can be applied for the analysis of rock song lyrics. The article describes the results of a survey in which respondents interpreted lyrics of a rock song and arrived at its different interpretations, often different from the one intended by the song writer. The author attempts to account for those different interpretations, relying on concepts from cognitive linguistics and cognitive poetics.
EN
The article is an analysis of the description of the garden in Bruno Schulz’s The Cinnamon Shops (Sklepy cynamonowe) and its two translations into Chinese. Wei-Yun Lin-Górecka has translated Schulz’s prose from the original Polish, while Lu Yuan’s translation is primarily based on English versions of his work. The analysis employs methods drawn from cognitive poetics and some elements of cognitive theory of translation, especially Elżbieta Tabakowska’s ideas on imagery and translation equivalence. The study helped characterize a complex conceptual blend found in the description and trace structural changes caused by the translators’ specific decisions. The translations are characterized by a relatively high level of equivalence. The conceptual blends they comprise differ from the one created by Bruno Schulz mostly in terms of the described elements’ positions on the empathy scale, which are mainly dependent upon the translators’ manner of using the devices of animation and anthropomorphism.
EN
The paper focuses on revealing linguistic and cognitive mechanisms that underlie the formation and functioning of verbal images of native land in William Wordsworth’s poetic system. The artistic concept of Motherland is subjected to linguistic-poetic interpretation. The national specificity of Wordsworth’s poetics reveals itself in the dominance of ethnographic details and naturalness of description, foregrounding the idea of inseparability of individual personal fate and the processes of ethnic environment transformation. Everyday themes and dramatic effect of personal and intimate events in the life of a poetic persona are ascribed symbolic senses and reflect the universal and national destiny of England at the turn of the century.
EN
Based on an analysis of two Prefaces to Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto. A Gothic Story, the paper offers a cognitive poetics view of paratext, a literary device defined by Genette as “a threshold of interpretation”. Viewed as a symptom of the author’s presence “with-in” and “with-out” text, paratextual information is held to play an important role in text interpretation. It is claimed that a literary work’s interpretation is a result of the speaker/author – hearer/reader meaning negotiation which takes place in the Current Discourse Space (Langacker 2008) and involves intersubjectification, a cognitive process referred to by Langacker as “apprehension of other minds” (Langacker 2007).
EN
The article zeroes in on the discrepancy between the verbalization of life and death in Hamlet's soliloquy 'To be or not to be' in the English version and three Ukrainian ones. The Multiple-Parallel-Text-based analysis shows that the conceptual metaphors living is existing, dying is not existing, death is sleep, death is a country, death is a journey and life is a burden reconstructed from the original have been largely left intact in the translations. However, we find that the actual verbalization and conceptualization in the two languages are highly culture-specific and that the versions exhibit great inter- and intra-language variations.
11
60%
Tematy i Konteksty
|
2013
|
vol. 8
|
issue 3
45-48
EN
Poetics is of systemic nature and is dually dependent: on methodology (as it stems from methodological assumptions), and on literature (as it serves the purpose of analysing a literary work). Hence, when these two disciplines undergo transformations, poetics does too. Apart from the structural poetics which has now come in for a lot of criticism, one may also distinguish generative poetics (narratology) and cognitive poetics. Each of them has different aims and suggests their own and dissimilar research tools. Generative poetics postulates studying the mechanism of formation of the plot structures, whereas cognitive poetics aims at studying the perception of literature. The author of the article proposes “teaching poetics of both former and present times”, and check their usefulness in analysing literary works. She also postulates introducing cultural poetics which will serve the purpose of analysing texts which use various modes of expression.
PL
Poetyka ma charakter systemowy i jest podwójne uzależniona – od metodologii (bo wyrasta z założeń metodologicznych) i od literatury (bo służy analizie dzieła literackiego). A więc razem z nimi musi się zmieniać. Jako przykłady odmiennych poetyk służą – obok obecnie atakowanej poetyki strukturalnej – poetyka generatywna (narratologia) i poetyka kognitywna, które stawiają sobie inne cele i proponują własne instrumentarium. Generatywna postuluje badanie mechanizmu tworzenia struktur fabularnych; kognitywna – procesu percepcji literatury. Autorka proponuje „uczyć poetyk – dawnych i nowych” i sprawdzać ich użyteczność w analizie dzieł literackich. Postuluje opracowanie poetyki kulturowej, predestynowanej do analizy tekstów wielotworzywowych.
EN
On 20 May 2011, the Time weekly published a special report issue in its entirety covering the killing of Osama bin Laden. Clearly, owing to its thematic coherence, the Time Special Report issue could be examined through the lenses of qualitative content analysis tools. This paper, however, applies Goffman’s Frame Analysis. Based on two basic assumptions: (1) that the “frame” amounts to the structured knowledge and (2) that the language of media reports is never neutral, but highly constructed, the paper argues that the examined Time issue is fundamentally built on three frames: the “war on terror” frame, the “hero” vs. the “enemy no. 1” frame and, finally, the “indestructible USA” vs. the “primitive, yet promising Islamic countries” frame. In addition, drawing on the cognitive concepts of figure/ground organization and focalization, as well as the notion of metaphor, it investigates how the above distinguished frames are manipulated and modified.
EN
The novel’s artistic dominant and the starting point for this discussion is Dahl’s vivid (visual narration, visual effects), attractive and multisensory narration. It influences the reception of the text, structures senses and emotions, and refers to everyday experiences (experiential gestalt) and child’s imagination. In this article I refer to the theory of interactional reading (aesthetic and efferent). I emphasize that emotional reactions have an important interpersonal and intrapersonal function with the context of ethics and it depict individual world of each reader (this opinion was also aptly noticed by students from primary school – 10-12 years old) Visualization of effects and affections, and metaphorization of images enhanced with real experience, may influence emotional involvement of readers and their construction of new notions and meanings of the work. Combining certain aspects of strengthens and the interaction between words, images, and emotions, in this case facilitates comprehension, development of imagination, and formulation of moral reflections about the world.
PL
Dominantą artystyczną utworu Roalda Dahla Charlie i fabryka czekolady (przywołanego jako szkolna lektura) i punktem wyjścia dla rozważań podjętych w tekście staje się przyciągająca czytelnika i oddziałująca na rozumienie tekstu, konstruowanie sensów i emocje, wyrazistość i plastyczność literackich obrazów (narracja wizualna i efekty wizualne) oraz polisensoryczność narracji Dahla. W opracowaniu zasobów empirycznych (części praktycznej) artykułu korzystałam z komentarzy do materiałów lekcyjnych (prac uczniów) szkoły podstawowej. Przeanalizowany materiał pozwala na sformułowanie następującego wniosku: wizualizacja efektów i afektów oraz metaforyzacja obrazów wzmacnianych doświadczeniem rzeczywistym może wpływać na emocjonalne zaangażowanie czytelnika/ucznia, wywierać wpływ na konstruowanie przez niego nowych znaczeń i sensów utworu oraz wzmacnia siłę interakcji, jaka zachodzi między słowem, obrazem i emocjami, co przekłada się w tym przypadku na wspomaganie rozumienia, kształtowanie wyobraźni i formułowanie etycznej refleksji nad światem.
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