Artykuł zawiera rozważania dotyczące projektowania interfejsu człowiek–komputer dla osób niepełnosprawnych. Autor omawia koncepcję analizy ruchów praksyjnych. Koncepcja ta reprezentuje podejście silnie zorientowane na użytkownika, które pozwala uniknąć konieczności dostosowywania się człowieka niepełnosprawnego do wysokich wymagań typowego interfejsu graficznego.
EN
Analysis of praxic movements (PMA) is a novel approach to graphical user interface development, based on natural human behaviour. In a PMA-based interface, each screen element is related to a single function performed by the computer system. When the user points to a screen element, the related function is activated. A PMA-based interface is supported by an AI component responsible for detection and interpretation of the pointing action. The dynamics of pointer movements over the screen is a sole source of the information processed by PMA, while all other input signals are neglected. Those properties of a PMA-based interface make it a convenient tool for creation of simple and intuitively operated human-computer interfaces for the disabled.
The aim of the article is to identify the reasons for low employment rates of people with disabilities in Poland, and to examine whether employers, disabled employees and other staff want to talk about the rational use of the rights of a disabled employee and what views, opinions or other circumstances can make it difficult. Four hypotheses were formulated in the work, which were verified on the basis of surveys and interviews conducted in the period from March to September 2017 in the Voivodship of Silesia. The considerations were rounded off with conclusions and comments.
The aim of the study was to compare two groups of volunteers who work with people with disabilities: volunteers working in organizations led by social innovators and volunteers who are not affiliated to such organizations. The results show a different picture of both groups in the area of the declared value, objectives and attitudes towards people with disabilities. Volunteers working with social innovators have lower rates of misanthropy, higher individual indicators of social capital, and a higher rate of partnership and innovative attitude. The paper presents guidelines how to work with people with disabilities to maximize their integration into society and create social change.
The aim of this paper is to examine the varied perspectives of relaxation stages and techniques used with mentally disabled pupils developed by the French neuropsychiatrist. This article presents evaluation of the widespread use of this method among disabled children and describes numerous benefits of its use in the regulation of emotional and neurovegetative disorders, neuromuscular dysfunctions and neurotic syndromes. The extensive use of Wintrebert’s method gives almost unlimited possibilities of application in therapy, rehabilitation and education of disabled people; the described method may also be a important component of healthy lifestyle.
The term bilingual education for deaf people means teaching the use of two or more languages, at least one of which is a sign language. Its introduction in educational systems around the world depends on many factors, such as the educational management system, the way education for people with disabilities is organised, historical, social and economic conditions. It is therefore difficult to identify a unified model for the education of people with hearing impairments. The opinion presents solutions used in 15 EU countries and the United States.
The article represents analysis of modern scientific approaches to education of people with special needs in higher educational establishments. The state of issue elaboration by native scientific area has been given. The legislative foundations of inclusive education in universities of Canada at the national and provincial levels have been outlined. Canadian legislation foresees elaboration of inclusive curriculum and programs, policy and services, educational equipment, teaching techniques and evaluation methodology, overcoming of existing barriers (extra difficulties, support in needs), creating friendly surrounding through the policy of tolerance, improvement of teaching stuff qualification in the work with students with special needs, work with the secondary education system to promote transition to higher education system, work with business community aimed at promotion of transition from higher education to the world of work, collecting statistical data to monitor, prevent and improve systematic discrimination and manage educational policy and processes. Important role in providing educational and social development of people with special needs is played by national and public organizations. Institutional policy concerning adaptation of and access improvement for students with special needs is fulfilled in most universities and colleges. Peculiarities of inclusive education of students with special needs at Canadian universities have been characterized. Inclusive education in Canada had some barriers and resistance of educators but with the time passing positions of educators were changing from adaptation to detailed and positive acceptance of inclusive practice. Basic issues of scientific research in the period of inclusive movement were implementation, financing and support, professional development. Philosophic assumptions concerning inclusive movement were based on social justice, civil rights and equity and gradually differed from the concepts of exclusivity and special education. In the result of research recommendations concerning realization of inclusive education in higher educational institutions of Ukraine have been offered.
Kynotherapy is one of the innovatory methods of disabled children therapy ‘a dogassisted therapy” generally speaking is a method helping and strengthening rehabilitations with a dog’s participation which is properly selected, trained and led by a qualified therapist. In 1964,a child psychiatrist Boris Levinson noticed while observing autistic boys in contact with dogs that these animals had caused that autistic children having a communication problem in building up social contacts, established a contact with a dog without any trouble, and it gave a chance for a contact with a therapist in the future. For a working ‘therapy dog’ are selected and trained the representatives of breeds with mellow and good-tempered temperament, well-balanced psyche, patient, obedient and devoted to man. According to therapists an ideal dog in terms of character is one called a social dog, that is such a dog which except mentioned above features will be obedient not only towards people whom it knows well, but also towards every person it meets. A dog selected for work with disabled people has to be a completely foreseeable dog, that is the one which has encoded invariable features of character by his genes. Moreover, it is important that the therapy dog would not have aggressive, apprehensive, or ill ancestors in his pedigree. The main effect of this kind of a contact therapy consists in the physical contact (stroking, cuddling up to a dog, shaking the dog’s paw) and establishing psychical ties with the animal what has a positive influence over the course of the treatment. Despite many inconveniences kynotherapy gains more and more followers in rehabilitation of disabled people. The changes that have occurred for last several years in this innovatory therapy allow to suppose that kynotherapy will be developing incessantly, and ‘dog therapists’ will be able to reach to more and more large number of people in need.
The issues related to the role of the family in the process of creating relationships with ill and disabled people are discussed in the article. All individuals posses concepts of the disabled that form their attitudes towards such people. The image of a disabled person is responsible for one’s attitude towards the handicapped. The family should create an environment where children observe and learn positive patterns of behaviour towards people with disabilities which, in turn, form the basis upon which children’s attitudes are shaped. The process of perception of other people is dependent on many factors – one of them is the family. The author draws attention to the issue of gender in disability. The term “disabled person” turns out to be gender neutral. Women with disabilities consider themselves to be treated as a “third sex”. The discrimination of disabled women results from a lack of sensitivity to the sex of the disabled. This points out the need to change the attitudes towards people with disabilities in early childhood as well as the necessity to pay more attention to the gender of disabled children. Sex becomes a matter which is forgotten, perhaps even becoming irrelevant. Women and their function are pushed into the background, which results in the gender-related stereotyping of their social roles, a more difficult way of career advancement (the so-called “glass ceiling effect”), lower wages for women working in the same positions as men, and the low participation of women in public life.
Public transport should be available to all its users. If public transport means are not adjusted, or are not fully adjusted, to the needs of disabled and older persons, it makes an obstacle in their free movement within a city. It needs to be remembered that disability, as well as limited physical fitness, and their likelihood are increasing significantly after the age of fifty. Having identified this area during pre-audit analyses, NIK – for the first time – conducted an audit of the access to public transportation for disabled persons, taking into account its organisation, as well as the adjustment of vehicles and bus stops to the needs of these persons in ten cities in Poland.
In this presentation I try to explain the process of social integration of disabled people. I present the issues of the social and legal situation of the disabled, myths and stereotypes created by society and integration education (the presence of disabled children in normal schools). I prepared it using the available professional literature and generally accepted educational programmes in Polish schools. Moreover, I analised legislative acts concerning the disabled. I also used information from web sites, which are created by various organisations of the disabled. The analysis shows that the number of disabled people depends on the health condition, and living conditions of society and also the efficient work of the health service. Moreover, we must remember that the phenomenon of disability becomes more intensive with aging, as the consequence of the population growing older. Perceiving the status of a disabled person depends on such factors as: value systems in a given society, cultural influences and socioeconomic status of a country. If the marginalisation of certain social groups lasted for a long time, a completely natural reaction in such a situation would be a tendency to strengthen and consolidate one’s identity, and also cultural and social distinction. The prejudices and stereotypes, concerning the disabled functioning in society, account for the main difficulties in their full revalidation and rehabilitation. The idea of integration, which means their full inclusion in social life, requires a change in the attitudes from negative to positive: tolerance, acceptance and cooperation.
Artykuł dotyczy sposobu przedstawiania osób niepełnosprawnych w środkach masowego przekazu. Mimo że obecnie promuje się ideę integracji i równości szans, osoby te często przedstawiane są w masowych mediach w sposób stereotypowy, co w znaczący sposób wpływa na postrzeganie osób niepełnosprawnych przez społeczeństwo. Artykuł omawia najczęściej spotykany obraz osób niepełnosprawnych w mediach oraz kontrowersje związane z próbami przełamania stereotypów, bazując na przykładach z mediów polskich i zagranicznych.
EN
The article concerns the manner in which disabled people are presented in the mass media. Despite the current promotion of the idea of integration and equal opportunities, disabled people are often portrayed in the media in a stereotypical way, which significantly influences their perception in society. The article discusses the most common imagery of people with disabilities in the media and controversies associated with the attempts to challenge stereotypes. It is based on examples from both Polish and foreign media.
The article discusses the situation of disabled people pointing to the barriers they face in their daily lives. According to the logic of the EU local government has a duty to include enable people with disabilities in the society. Local government actions are supported by the EU’s strategic initiatives. The most important of these is the European Disability Strategy 2010–2020 Case. Renewed commitment to a barrier-free Europe. The document indicates 8 areas in which action should be taken to the inclusion of disabled people, to which overarching objectives and actions foreseen at the level of strategy were aassigned. The authors of this paper propose a model to include activities, which may be undertaken by Polish local governments (community level) grouping them as those addressed to the living space and the immediate surroundings and the wider environment of residence.
Respiratory care in Poland is a relatively new service addressed to carers of dependent people, whose priority objective is to relieve caregivers in their daily care activities for disabled (dependent) people. The Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy proposes the “Respiratory care” program, which is implemented as part of the Solidarity Fund for the Support of People with Disabilities by municipalities and counties. The following study indicates the main assumptions of the program, the needs, definition and scope of activity.
The Italian welfare system is looking for new models. In fact, the current system has lived through some years of structural crisis which has several causes: excessive rigidity, inadequacy to respond to the new social demands, the inability to sustain ever increasing costs. It is not easy to imagine what will be the welfare model of 2020: one of the possible hypotheses in the field is the development of the so-called “fourth sector”, represented in a particular way by the family associations. It is a relatively recent phenomenon, which draws, in the national outlook, increasing attention and significant development. The family, in this context, takes on a new role: not just a recipient of political attention, but a true engine of action and change. The central feature of this phenomenon is the self-help between families which have common problems and which identify common practices. The paper reconstructs the outline of the phenomenon in the national context and suggests working paths for social policies. The family associations, as activators of social relationships between people and groups, are a generator of social capital. In this sense, they are an essential resource for a new type of welfare: no longer based on a combination of need/service, but truly able to be generative.
The article features the economic aspects of access to qualitative higher education for socially unprotected groups of people in China. There has been considered the advantages and disadvantages of access to higher education for disabled and low-income students.
Praca zawodowa pełni ważną rolę w życiu każdego człowieka. Szczególnego znaczenia nabiera jednak w przypadku osób zagrożonych wykluczeniem społecznym. Jedną z takich grup w Polsce są osoby niepełnosprawne. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie jaka jest rola wykształcenia i kwalifikacji zawodowych oraz stanu zdrowia w procesie aktywizacji zawodowej osób niepełnosprawnych oraz czy polityka publiczna ukierunkowana na osoby niepełnosprawne w Polsce jest efektywna. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że wykształcenie i kwalifikacje zawodowe pełnią kluczową rolę w procesie aktywizacji zawodowej osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce. Wyższy poziom kwalifikacji zawodowych może zrekompensować osobom niepełnosprawnym niższą produktywność wywołaną przez dysfunkcję zdrowotną. Polityka publiczna w Polsce w latach 1993–2015 ukierunkowana na osoby niepełnosprawne była nieefektywna, gdyż nie przyczyniła się do zwiększenia poziomu aktywności zawodowej i zatrudnienia osób niepełnosprawnych na rynku pracy.
EN
The professional work plays an important role in the life of every man. However professional work gain special importance for people who are at risk of social exclusion. One of those group in Poland are disabled people. The article is an attempt to find out what is the role of level of education and health in professional work activation of disabled people. Second aim of the article is to answer the question if the public policy aimed to disabled people in Poland is effective. Analyses show that the level of education and professional qualifications play a key role in the professional work activation of disabled people. A higher level of education can compensate disabled people the lower productivity caused by the dysfunction health. In the years 1993–2015 public policy in Poland aimed to disabled people was inefficient because it did not increase the level of economic activity and employment of disabled people in the labor market.
Celem rozważań jest przedstawienie nowych form działalności na rzecz osób niepełnosprawnych przez promocję ich zdolności artystycznych, a w szczególności talentu muzycznego. W Ciechocinku, jednym z najstarszych, największych i najbardziej znanych kurortów w Polsce słynącym z niezwykłych możliwości leczniczych, bogatego życia kulturalnego, popularności wśród artystycznej bohemy, muzyków, śpiewaków uznających ten kurort za miejsce magiczne dla ciała i duszy, od kilkunastu lat działa Fundacja Pro Omnibus. Prekursorem jej dzieła była fundacja „Naprawdę ktoś czeka” założona przez nieżyjącą już piosenkarkę Grażynę Świtałę, która w 1996 roku zainicjowała „Festiwal Piosenki Dzieci i Młodzieży Specjalnej Troski”. Fundacja Pro Omnibus jest wspaniałą kontynuacją tradycji kulturowej i muzycznej Uzdrowiska. Ta szeroko zakrojona działalność promowania utalentowanej młodzieży niepełnosprawnej wzbogaca walory turystyczne i rekreacyjne Ciechocinka. Motywem przewodnim Fundacji jest wielokierunkowa pomoc młodzieży niepełnosprawnej, a w szczególności utalentowanej muzycznie. Fundacja Pro Omnibus wraz z młodzieżą niepełnosprawną stworzyła ciepłe, pełne empatii środowisko, które funkcjonuje zgodnie z duchem nazwy Fundacji. Rodowód nazwy Fundacji wywodzi się z łacińskiej sentencji „Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno” – „Jeden za wszystkich, wszyscy za jednego”. Zadaniem Fundacji jest promowanie talentów muzycznych młodzieży i stworzenie jej możliwo-ści kształcenia, a przede wszystkim umocnienia wiary w sens i piękno życia. Dzieło to dynamicznie rozwija się obejmując swoim działaniem coraz większy zasięg terytorialny wykraczający już poza granice Polski. Głównym celem Fundacji jest promowanie talentów muzycznych młodzieży niepeł-nosprawnej przez organizowanie imprez artystycznych, impresji artystycznych, festiwali piosenki z jej udziałem. Uzdrowisko Ciechocinek, dzięki działaniom Fundacji stało się miejscem nie tylko o niezwykłych walorach rekreacyjnych, lecz także miejscem o wysokich walorach humanistycznych. Jest to godne popularyzacji, gdyż stanowi wzorzec dla wszystkich czujących potrzebę i sens szeroko zakrojonej działalności na rzecz rozwoju rekreacji i turystyki dostępnej wszystkim ludziom niezależ-nie od ich stanu zdrowia i sprawności fizycznej.
EN
An aim of considerations is to present the new forms of activities for disabled people through promotion of their artistic abilities and, in particular, music talent. In Ciechocinek, one of the oldest, biggest, and best-known resorts in Poland, famous of unusual medicinal properties, rich cultural life, popularity among the artistic bohemia, musicians, and singers considering this resort as a magic place for the body and soul, for more than ten years has been operating the Pro Omnibus Foundation.The precursor of its work was the foundation called “There is really somebody waiting”, established by the late songstress Grażyna Świtała, who initiated in 1996 the “Festival of Song of the Children and Youth with Special Needs”. The Pro Omnibus Foundation is a magnificent continuation of the resort’s cultural and musical tradition. This wide-ranging activity of promoting the talented disabled juveniles enriches tourist and recreational values of Ciechocinek. The Foundation’s leitmotiv is multidirectional assistance for disabled juveniles, musically talented, in particular. The Pro Omnibus Foundation, together with disabled juveniles, has created a cordial, full of empathy milieu which has been functioning in accordance with the spirit of the Foundation’s name. The origin of the Foundation’s name comes from the Latin maxim “Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno” – “One for all, all for one”. The Foundation’s task is to promote music talents of youths and to provide them with the opportunities for education and, first of all, to reinforce their creed in the sense and beauty of life. This work has been dynamically developing covering with its activity the bigger and bigger territorial range, already exceeding Poland’s boundaries. The main aim of the Foundation is to promote music talents of disabled juveniles by way of organising artistic events, artistic impressions, and song festivals with their participation. The Ciechocinek resort, owing to Foundation’s activities has become the place not only with unusual recreational values but also with high humanistic values. It deserves popularisation as it is a model for all those who feel the need and sense of wide-ranging activities for the development of recreation and tourism accessible for all people, irrespective of their state of health and fitness.
The major goal of a household is to maximise the satisfaction of the needs of its members through the consumption of appropriate goods and services. One of the main needs, especially in households with people with disabilities, is health protection, which entails comparatively large financial outlays. The aim of this study is to recognise regularities in health expenditure of households with disabled people, to assess the significance of health expenditure in the structure of these households’ expenditure, and to attempt to identify the determinants of health expenditure. The study is based on data obtained from two editions of Statistics Poland’s household budget survey, performed in 2009 and in 2019. The study presents an analysis of the diversification of the level and structure of the health-related expenditure of households in Poland. The power-exponential model was used to identify the determinants of these expenses. The analysis shows that households with disabled people have a lower disposable income and, at the same time, incur higher health expenses. Health- -related expenditure in households with disabled people is mainly determined by: age, level of income, the fact whether a household member/members is/are a person/s with a significant degree of disability, and source of income.
PL
Zasadniczym celem funkcjonowania gospodarstw domowych jest jak najpełniejsze zaspokojenie potrzeb ich członków. Jedną z głównych potrzeb, zwłaszcza w przypadku gospodarstw z osobami niepełnosprawnymi, jest ochrona zdrowia, a to wymaga ponoszenia odpowiednio dużych nakładów finansowych. Celem badania omawianego w artykule jest poznanie prawidłowości w zakresie kształtowania się wydatków na zdrowie w gospodarstwach domowych z osobami niepełnosprawnymi, ocena znaczenia wydatków na zdrowie w strukturze wydatków tych gospodarstw oraz próba identyfikacji determinant wydatków na zdrowie. W badaniu wykorzystano dane indywidualne o gospodarstwach domowych pochodzące z dwóch edycji badania budżetów gospodarstw domowych przeprowadzanego przez GUS: 2009 i 2019. Przeanalizowano zróżnicowanie poziomu i struktury wydatków na zdrowie gospodarstw domowych w Polsce, a do identyfikacji determinant tych wydatków zastosowano model potęgowo-wykładniczy. Z badania wynika, że gospodarstwa domowe z osobami niepełnosprawnymi mają do dyspozycji niższy dochód niż gospodarstwa bez takich osób, a muszą przeznaczać większe środki na ochronę zdrowia. Wydatki na zdrowie w gospodarstwach domowych z osobami niepełnosprawnymi są determinowane głównie wiekiem, poziomem dochodu, obecnością w gospodarstwie osoby o znacznym stopniu niepełnosprawności i źródłem utrzymania.
Obecnie osoby niepełnosprawne, zamieszkujące kraje rozwinięte, uczestniczą w życiu społeczeństwa i tym samym wnoszą wkład do światowego rynku pracy na wszystkich szczeblach. W Polsce żyje ponad 4,7 mln osób niepełnosprawnych, spośród których tylko 1 mln jest zatrudnionych. Wiele osób niepełnosprawnych, które chciałyby pracować, wciąż nie ma takich możliwości z powodu różnorodnych barier. Istotnym czynnikiem sprawnego zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi jest poziom integracji pracowników pełnosprawnych z niepełnosprawnymi. Współczesne warunki funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw implikują konieczność dokonywania permanentnych i okresowych zmian w systemie motywacyjnym. Celem artykułu jest określenie czynników motywacyjnych, jakie kształtują postawy pracowników niepełnosprawnych w procesie pracy. Zidentyfikowano je w toku przeprowadzonych przez autorów badań nad potrzebami pracowników z niepełnosprawnością w kontekście zatrudnienia. Behawioralny aspekt zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem zatrudniającym osoby z niepełnosprawnością nakazuje kształtowanie odpowiedniego klimatu organizacyjnego poprzez zastosowanie specyficznych technik, zwłaszcza z zakresu sposobów integrowania pracowników i organizacji pracy zespołowej. Należy zauważyć, że do tej pory pracownicy niepełnosprawni zmuszeni byli dostosować się do obowiązującego pozostałych współpracowników modelu zarządzania. Aktualnie wydaje się, że należy uwzględnić tok myślenia i motywację również tej grupy pracowniczej.
EN
Nowadays it is recorded a noticeable decline in the number of employed people with disabilities. Reasons for not recruiting by employers are different, most often refer to the views of employers on the issue of employment of disabled workers or access to subsidies. People with disabilities in the labor market are often considered by employers (especially the open labor market) for employees less productive, useless, problematic and generating higher costs. The main objective of this article is to identify the needs of employees with disabilities in the employment context and to present the results of pilot studies on the criteria and motivational factors, that may encourage these people to look for a satisfactory job. It is assumed that research into the needs of people with disabilities on the basis of companies can assist employers in implementing appropriate organizational changes, including as regards working conditions. Analysis of the results of research conducted by the authors shows that the optimal approach to managing human resources in enterprises – employing persons with disabilities – the most important is a good atmosphere in the workplace. Subsequently, the most important for the respondents is stable employment, adapting the workplace to the needs of the employee and the motivation to work. Workers with disabilities appreciate the good atmosphere in the workplace, also the stability of employment is important for them.
This article aims to draw attention to the necessity to broaden the rangeof activities supporting professional development of disabled people. Obtaining employmenttends to be perceived – as this group’s ultimate goal of professional activation.This approach fails to consider that nowadays undertaking employment ina modern organization implies long-term commitment to continuing education. Accordingto the lifelong learning concept, professional development is a lifelong commitment.Thus, throughout the process, disabled people need assistance that shouldtake into account their individual needs, predispositions, abilities and limitations.Coaching may become a critical element of this support. This development methodmay be described as the art of supporting people who wish to transform their dreamsinto goals and to make effort to achieve these goals.
PL
Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na koniecznośćrozszerzenia zakresu działań, wspierających rozwój zawodowy osób niepełnosprawnych.Uzyskanie zatrudnienia traktowane bywa jako końcowy etap aktywizacji zawodowejtej grupy osób. Podejście takie nie uwzględnia faktu, iż we współczesnymświecie podjęcie pracy w nowoczesnej organizacji staje się tożsame z podjęciemnauki. Zgodnie z koncepcją life-long learning, rozwój zawodowy to proces trwającycałe życie. W procesie tego rozwoju osoba niepełnosprawna potrzebuje wsparcia,uwzględniającego jej indywidualne predyspozycje, możliwości i ograniczenia. Ważnymelementem takiego wsparcia może stać się coaching – metoda rozwojowa, którąnajkrócej określić można jako sztukę wspierania ludzi, którzy chcą przekształcać marzeniaw cele i podejmować wysiłek ich realizacji.
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