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EN
The education standards introduced in Poland in 2005 by the new higher education law significantly changed rules of teaching of majority of subject taught at universities. From the perspective of teaching mathematics at universities of economics those standards have several serious drawbacks such as reduction of the number at maths teaching hours without significant modifications of curriculum or bad correlation with what is being taught in high schools. The law of 2005 was supposed to improve the effectiveness of teaching and make students better prepared for challenges of the work market. Teaching of mathematics at the universities of economics should, apart from providing necessary tools for further study, help students become independent and develop abilities of analytical thinking. Unfortunately, practice is different and to a very large extent this is due to the present standards. Few years after they were introduced we are trying to indicate what actions should be taken to improve the quality of mathematics teaching and in consequence facilitate students’ independent conclusions and enhance their analytical thinking skills.
EN
Undoubtedly, the school subject called “Sport” has an educational objective. Yet, the question whether in order to set this task and complete it in class the notion of “education standards” is necessary, and primarily whether this phrase will practically support this subject, seems justified. The notion of “education standard” has been introduced in relation to school theoretical subjects for comparative purposes between the EU states (PISA studies). It did not pertain to PE classes, however, Physical Education teachers in Germany and in Austria joined this process without any deeper analysis. The present paper first gives a short insight into the discussion and education standards in school sport in Germany and Austria. It also presents the concept of sports classes oriented in this manner with the use of an example and it focuses extensively on the threats connected with sport at school, which is supposed to be taught in accordance with the set education standards.
PL
The study focuses on the controversies that preceded the adoption of national education standards for upper secondary education in Germany after 2000. It characterises the interaction of the education system and the social system of literature, and highlights the concepts that most contrasted with each other: general education and literacy, literary education and competence. Towards the end, the study outlines a possible form of consensus in professional discourse on literary education.
EN
The paper is aimed at presenting some basic data concerning organization of postgraduate education of psychologists in clinical psychology, a specialization area which is applicable in health care It is also planned to emphasize the usefulness of educational programmes aimed at gaining specialization in clinical psychology, and to present their advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of a psychological practitioner. Irrespective of the drawbacks of the specialization training programmes, it is important to point to the fact that they give a chance to expand specialist knowledge in the fi eld of applied psychology and to apply it in practice with individuals who are in diffi cult health-related situations. While characterizing the procedure of educating clinical psychology specialists, it is also important to consider validity of the directions of postgraduate education with reference to contemporary standards and development objectives concerning the promotion of mental health in the European Union. The cohesion policy concerning health care in all EU countries requires maintaining the standards which support a holistic and coordinated approach to mental health care.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podstawowych danych dotyczących organizacji kształcenia psychologów w zakresie specjalizacji z psychologii klinicznej jako dziedziny, mającej zastosowanie w ochronie zdrowia oraz wskazanie użyteczności kształcenia specjalizacyjnego z psychologii klinicznej i przedstawienie refl eksji na temat wad i zalet omawianego programu specjalizacji. Niezależnie od wskazanych braków dotyczących szczególnie samej procedury prowadzenia szkolenia specjalizacyjnego, jego wartością jest to, że daje ono szansę wzbogacania specjalistycznej wiedzy z zakresu psychologii stosowanej i stwarza możliwość jej zastosowania w praktyce wobec człowieka w sytuacji trudnej, związanej z chorobą. Charakteryzując procedurę kształcenia specjalistów psychologii klinicznej, warto podkreślić zasadność przyjętych kierunków tego kształcenia w odniesieniu do współczesnych standardów i celów rozwojowych, związanych z promocją zdrowia psychicznego w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Polityka spójności w zakresie ochrony zdrowia we wszystkich krajach Unii Europejskiej narzuca konieczność wspierania standardów wspomagających całościowe i skoordynowane podejście do ochrony zdrowia psychicznego.
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