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Odwrócona perspektywa

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EN
The “reversed perspective” of the title refers to a different outlook on the category of foreignness. Normally it appears in the context of the target text, while in the present paper it has been considered from the source text position. The material inviting such an approach are books by Mariusz Wilk, describing the reality of Northern Russia. On the one hand, the writer’s idiosyncratic language is pointed to, the reasons for inlaying the text with Russian or obsolete words explained, issue of readability tackled. On the other hand, the problems of translation into Russian are examined. What is foreign from the perspective of the primary (Polish) reader, becomes familiar and understandable for the secondary (Russian) reader. This raises the question of the translation dominant – should it be the re‑creation of the linguistic hybrid, or rather the fluency and reliability of message transmission?
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In the present paper, I focus on a single short poem “The Lass of Aughrim” by Paul Muldoon with a view to showing that it invites the reader to participate in the process of approaching in language the foreignness of another culture. The persona depicts a situation in which an ethical choice is vested in the act of speaking, which either acknowledges the irreducible otherness implicit in the poem or imposes an essentially colonial point of view. The ethical dimension as it is probed here is derived from some insights of J acques Derrida, especially his lectures delivered in the 1990s.
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EN
In the modern period, the regional novel in German literature has been considered obsolete for a long time. One can think of the 19th century Realism novels, which imply the antinomy between provincial and urban life, or of the "blood and soil" literature of the National Socialism. On closer observation, the provincial novel and its evolution are the result of a cultural crisis, that is to say the deracination of mankind through industrialisation or war. The province or heimat in Stephan Thome’s work, a recent book of the 21st century, gets further interpretations which focus mostly on the self-construction of the individual in relationship to his/her community. The homeland is in Grenzgang for instance the place of finding oneself, the place where a new life stage starts, but also a place of territorial and personal boundaries.
EN
The Merry Wives of Windsor has long been compared to a great babel of languages. The play contains a smattering of Spanish, Italian and Dutch and even a whole scene dedicated to the mistranslation of Latin. A large part of the play’s humour also heavily relies on the foreign accents of two characters: the French Doctor Caius and the Welsh parson Sir Hugh Evans. If Christopher Luscombe’s 2008/2010 production of The Merry Wives at Shakespeare’s Globe theatre in London bears testimony to the success of cross-language and accent-based comedy as a source of laughter on today’s English stage, it seems rather implausible, at first sight, that French translations, adaptations and stagings of these accents and linguistic idiosyncrasies should be greeted with the same degree of hilarity. Indeed, how should the Welsh and French accents, both representing real stumbling blocks for French-speaking translators of the play, be transposed into French? What translation strategies can the latter devise? And to what extent can some of those strategies be said to be politically correct? Focusing on Shakespeare’s ‘favorite’ (predominant) accents and the significance and impact of such linguistic comedy, I shall examine the question of their problematic translation through the analysis and comparison of a number of translations and stagings of The Merry Wives of Windsor into French.
PL
Georg Simmel jest znakomitym przykładem „intelektualisty totalnego”, to jest – zgodnie z rozumieniem Pierre’a Bourdieu – myśliciela swobodnie przekraczającego granice między dziedzinami i dyscyplinami nauki czy też dokonującego transferu wiedzy między różnymi polami twórczej aktywności. Autor "Filozofii pieniądza" swobodnie łączył socjologię, filozofię, ekonomię, naukę o sztuce, refleksje natury literaturoznawczej etc. Pozwalało mu to na dokonywanie wielu wyjątkowo innowacyjnych rozpoznań – w tym na zainicjowanie nowych ścieżek myślowych – ale też spotkało się z krytyką ze strony mu współczesnych. Pozostawanie „ponad granicami” dotyczyło nie tylko sposobu, w jaki prowadził swoje analizy, ale także języka, za pomocą którego je przedstawiał. Ulubioną formą wypowiedzi Simmla był esej, w którym stosował środki retoryczne właściwe językowi literackiemu. Tak sam charakter jego refleksji, jak i wyjątkowo innowacyjny sposób, w jaki je przedstawiał, przyczyniły się do tego, że do dziś pozostaje on intelektualistą, na którego twórczość powołują się przedstawiciele bardzo różnych dyscyplin społecznych i humanistycznych. W artykule zgłębiam ów fenomen, koncentrując się zarówno na samej myśli Simmla, jak i współczesnych sposobach jej odczytania.
EN
Georg Simmel is an excellent example of a “total intellectual”, in other words, according to Pierre Bourdieu, a thinker who crosses the boundaries between disciplines and fields of scholarship, or who transfers knowledge between various fields of activity. Simmel freely combined sociology, philosophy, economics, fine art studies, literary studies, and so forth. On the one hand, this attitude lay the foundation for his exceptionally innovative analyses and led to the establishment of new paths of thought. On the other hand, it was met with strong criticism from contemporary intellectuals. Simmel thought “beyond borders” not only in conducting his analyses but also in choosing the language in which to present them. His preferred form of expression was an essay in which he would use many rhetorical devices specific to literary language. Both the nature of Simmel’s analyses and the innovative way in which he presented them contributed to the fact that his works have continued to this day to inspire intellectuals in many different fields of the social sciences and humanities. In this article, the author explores the phenomenon, focusing on both Simmel’s thinking “beyond borders” and contemporary ways of interpreting those ideas.
EN
An increase of new migration movements is curbed on the one hand by sociopolitical barriers and security measures. On the other hand, those same security measures put in place to slow down the increase of migration’s growth seem to be inadequate. This poses the problem of coexistence between “natives” and “foreigners”. Political and scientific discourses are concerned with (the relation between) the increase of tremendous migration movements which in turn interfere with the sociopolitical barriers. This article sees itself as a proposal for a stronger promotion of interculturality, openness, empathy and sensitivity towards ethnic minorities in majority societies. Moreover, it aims at deconstructing usual, negative images and ideas – as far as Black African migrants are concerned – in the media and scientific publications. It reinforces a negative climate for the phenomenon of “migration” in political debates. The concept of foreigness is to be applied here, after theoretical differentiatations have been worked out. Based on the analysis of the genre mix Ich klopfte an deiner Tür… special aspects of perception of the disposition of “foreignness” and its literary representation are to be thoroughtly examined. In other words, problems related to the experience of foreignness should be presented from the perspective of the concept of foreignness. The question thereof will be to know how the author Kum’a Ndumbe the Third (III) perceives the encounter of African migration figures with the German characters.
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