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EN
The article analyzes Historia secreta de Costaguana [2007] by the Colombian writer Juan Gabriel Vásquez, Polish traslation by Katarzyna Okrasko [2009], with the intention of demonstrate that the multiple transtextual relations present in the novel constitute his dominant.
PL
In his Satyr, or The Wild Man Jan Kochanowski refers to two old-time customs: first that, during the mass, at the reading of the Gospel, old Poles were to half draw their swords in token of their readiness to defend the Christian faith (vv. 185–200), and the second that infamists were punished upon their honour in such a way that when they sat at table with other people, the host cut the tablecloth to indicate that he did not want to share a meal with them (vv. 231–236). The article analyses numerous references to those customs in the old-Polish literature (unanimously attesting to the lack of these rituals in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries), to indicate that both were literary legends.
PL
The beginnings of Roman Ivanychuk’s novel writing career in the 1960s-70s coincided with the period of the so-called “Khrushchev Thaw.” During that period, historical novel was enjoying great popularity in Ukraine and it had a profound influence on preserving national identity. Ivanychuk wrote sixteen historical novels, e.g.: The Hollyhocks (1968), Red Wine (1976), The City (1977), Manuscript from Ruska Street (1978), Water from a Stone (1982), The Fourth Dimension (1984), Scars on the Rock (1986), The Call of the Cranes (1988), Because the War is War (1991), The Horde (1992), Pillars of Fire (2002), Through a Mountain Pass (2004), A Non-Everyday Diary (2005), in which the writer was trying to “fill in the white spots of history.” Roman Ivanychuk’s works, together with the historical novels of Pavlo Zahrebelnyi, Valeriy Shevchuk, Roman Fedoriv and Lina Kostenko constitute “a new wave” of Ukrainian historical novel, which shows history through the prism of the modern day. In Ukrainian literature, such works concerned various painful historical facts, which was then a global tendency. In the period of the Communist regime it was the novel that drew readers’ attention to the undying flame of national memory, and at the same time it was often the only available textbook of the history of the Ukrainian nation, forbidden in schools or taught in a limited form, convenient for the current authorities.
EN
This paper is concerned with the feminisation of contemporary Polish historical novel, especiallyof its biographical variant. Transforming traditional narratives and restoring the memoryof women in history are the most important tasks of herstory, a discipline born in the twentiethcentury out of the question about the role and place of women in the history of humankind. The authorof this paper pays particular attention to the texts of popular culture, especially biographical novelsabout women written by female writers, such as Ewa Stachniak, Janina Lesiak and Alina Zerling--Konopka. Historical novels written by female authors bring into sharp focus the postulates of feministliterary criticism, such as reclaiming the history of women by filling in the gaps in historicalnarratives and shifting the point of view, which allows for the depiction of the activity of womenin the fields traditionally considered male. What emerges from such novels are unobvious themes,but also the revision of the solidified images of famous figures. However, a considerable numberof those texts does not translate into their artistic merit.
PL
Publikowany materiał jest krytycznym opracowaniem zbioru 16 listów, które Teodor Parnicki (1908–1988) w latach 1944–1946 napisał z Meksyku do Jana Erdmana (1906–1986) i jego żony Marty (1921–1982), przebywających w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Dają one wgląd w sytuację pisarza w najwcześniejszym okresie jego prawie 15-letniego pobytu na kontynencie północnoamerykańskim. Pokazują problemy, z jakimi musiał się borykać po zakończeniu działalności ambasady RP w Meksyku, w której pełnił funkcję attaché kulturalnego. Dają też wyobrażenie o jego ocenie sytuacji politycznej, w jakiej znalazła się Polska po drugiej wojnie światowej. Przede wszystkim jednak odsłaniają najgłębsze motywy, jakimi kierował się Parnicki, podejmując decyzję o pozostaniu na emigracji. Stanowią rodzaj manifestu niezależności artystycznej, ale też wierności polskiej tradycji literackiej i pisarskiemu powołaniu. Pozwalają śledzić pisarza przy pracy w tym okresie jego twórczości, w którym podejmując projekty różnych fabuł, w poczuciu coraz większego osamotnienia, usilnie dążył do odnowienia powieści historycznej jako gatunku. Zwieńczeniem tych wysiłków okażą się pierwsza część „Słowa i ciała oraz Koniec »Zgody Narodów«”.
EN
The published material is a critical study of a collection of 16 letters which Teodor Parnicki (1908–1988) wrote between 1944 and 1946 from Mexico to Jan Erdman (1906–1986) and his wife Marta (1921–1982) to the United States of America. They give an insight into the writer’s condition in the earliest years of his almost 15 year stay on the North American continent and show the problems he faced after he stopped working in the Polish Embassy in Mexico where he held the position of cultural attaché. They also represent his assessment of the political situation which took place in Poland after the World War II. First and foremost they uncover his deepest motives that influenced his decision to remain an emigrant. They are viewed as a kind of artistic independence manifesto as well as a sign of fidelity to Polish literary tradition and a writer’s vocation. One can follow the writer at work in this period of his creative life, during which, developing various plots with a growing feeling of solitude, he was earnestly striving to renew the historical novel as a literary genre. The outcomes of such endeavours are the first part of “Słowo i ciało (Word and Flesh)” and “Koniec »Zgody Narodów« (The End of the »Concord of Nations«).”
EN
Aleś Navaryc’s historical novel “The Lithuanian Wolf” continued to pursue the traditions established by Uladzimir Karatkievic. The main subject of the story is the picture of the Belarusian society in the second half of the XIX century on the eve of the Kastuś Kalinouski’s uprising. “The Lithuanian wolf” is characterized by a specific hypertext and allusiveness. The title of the novel contains a clear allusion to the historical and cultural tradition of the use of the name “Lithuania” in relation to the Belarusian territory which was the core of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as well as a reference to the image of the wolf and werewolf, well-known since pagan times. The image of the wolf in the Navaryc’s novel is ambivalent, and the reason of this ambivalence is a parallel existence of two systems of the perception of the world in the Belarusian culture, resulting in the blend of a special folk sacralization of nature and culture as a divine creation. The image of paradise has an interesting and specific interpretation in the novel. The appearance of forest robbers-werewolves becomes the introduction to the paradisiacal motif. In the context of the conceptualization of paradise in this novel, on one hand, the influence of the apocryphal tradition and an allusion to the biblical texts should be noted. On the other hand, there is a clear correlation with the concept of the homeland as a lost paradise and the necessity of sacrifice for its future and independence.
EN
In the article, which is a discussion, the author tries to indicate why among many positivists, discussing historical themes, it was Sienkiewicz who won the greatest popularity, how the society felt about historical works of Sienkiewicz and to what extent the work of the historical Nobel Prize winner contributed to the formation of national identity in the Polish society, helping the Poles to survive the period of captivity.
PL
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EN
After World War I the historical novel experienced a big boom in Austria. Especially the völkisch-national authors elaborated a lot of history books in which the deeds of the Heroes of world history were portrayed. The intention of those novels was to nourish the base for the arrival of a Führer. In his historical novel Turlupin, Leo Perutz drafted a counter-model to the pathetic topos of those books. On the level of the plot and the narration techniques, in this seemingly conventional historical novel Turlupin, Perutz discussed the crisis of identity and by doing this he engaged in the manifold discourses of his time.
EN
The aim of the article is the description of the Polish historical novels of Szczepan Twardoch, Marcin Wolski and others. The theoretical basis of the research is the concept of narcissism propossed by Erich Fromm, Alexander Lowen and Christopher Lasch. Two concepts of narcissism allow to explore different novels that represent collective phantams of Polish culture and individual problems with culture of the late capitlism and consumerism.
EN
The article is a critical analysis of a monograph by Joanna Szewczyk on the problem of femininity in Teodor Parnicki’s historical novels. The author suggests that Joanna Szewczyk precisely and multilaterally analysed the problem of feminine historiography and mythology in five novels. Using analytical tools created by feminist criticism the author combines the problem-focused approach with a very precise close reading of selected novels. As the author suggests such an approach is adequate and allows Szewczyk to present a convincing analysis of the problem of femininity in Parnicki’s prose.
EN
The main purpose of the article is to reconstruct the concept of the “source” that Stefan Szymutko presented in his article “Źródło, czyli tekstu historii ciąg dalszy: na przykładzie ‘Końca «Zgody Narodów»’ Teodora Parnickiego” and to make a thorough study of what consequences its use implied for Szymutko’s scholarly practice. Doing that requires a short presentation of the concepts of “the text of the work” and “the text of history,” fundamental to Szymutko’s theory of the novel, together with their contexts and implications in philosophy and literary theory. Finally, the author shows that the interpretative complications introduced by the concept of the “source” have effectively made it impossible for Szymutko to finalize one of his most significant scholarly projects – a critical edition of Parnicki’s Słowo i ciało (Word and Body).
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest zrekonstruowanie koncepcji „źródła”, którą Stefan Szymutko przedstawił w artykule Źródło, czyli tekstu historii ciąg dalszy: na przykładzie Końca „Zgody Narodów” Teodora Parnickiego oraz prześledzenie, jakie konsekwencje dla praktyki badawczej śląskiego literaturoznawcy wiązały się z jej użyciem. Aby tego dokonać, pokrótce przedstawione zostają podstawowe dla teorii powieści Szymutki pojęcia „tekstu utworu” i „tekstu historii”, wraz z ich filozoficznymi oraz teoretycznoliterackimi inklinacjami. W zakończeniu autor pokazuje, że komplikacje interpretacyjne wprowadzone przez koncepcję „źródła”, skutecznie uniemożliwiły Szymutce finalizację jednego z jego największych projektów badawczych – edycji krytycznej Słowa i ciała Parnickiego.
EN
This research paper encompasses a commentary and a transcript of Stefan Szlachtycz interview with Teodor Parnicki (1908–1988) – an outstanding historical novel writer. During this 20-minute-long conversation Stefan Szlachtycz – a director of a movie based on Parnicki’s novel Tylko Beatrycze (1975) – asks the writer about narrative complexities and historical references. Parnicki’s answers are of a great value for literary studies as he presents his train of thought and intellectual horizons; he also unveils some aspects of his literary practices. This interview indicates the reasons why Parnicki’s novels are so complicated, multithreaded and improbable from the historical point of view.
EN
The letters from Teodor Parnicki, first sent during his years as an émigré in Mexico, and then from Poland, are a vocal testimony to the many years of friendship between the said novelist and Tadeusz Banaś and his family. Aside from recollections of Lviv (then Polish Lwów), where the two initiated their relationship while being in-volved in Sygnały magazine during interwar years, another valuable element of the correspondence in question is Parnicki’s translation of Valery Bryusov’s poem Cienie [Shadows], as well as (quoted by Parnicki entirely from his memory) a poem by Tadeusz Hollender Pochwała Parnickiego i filozofii jego (A Praise of Parnicki and His Philosophy). The collection is concluded by two letters written by Eleonora Parnicka, sent to the family Banaś after her husband’s death in 1988.
EN
The focus of the literary post-colonial discourse in this article is Claudius Crönert’s novel on Herkus Monte “Die Herren der Schwerter”, published in 2011, which distances itself from the old Prussian topoi and, instead, creates a new post-colonial reality. The article deals with the problem of postcolonialism and its absence in the context of Prussian research. As a theory, postcolonialism is still shaped by Eurocentric notions of a foreign discourse that mostly focuses on former colonies in far-flung parts of the world, which is illustrated here by a text by Walter Benjamin. The multi-coded past of Prussia is discussed in my contribution on the basis of the change from colonial discourse to post-colonial discourse. The reception of the pre-colonial times of the Baltic tribes is presented in the journal Adrastea on the basis of Herder’s latest work, specifically his reflections on the ‘ancestors’ of Prussia.
EN
The article deals with Andreï Makine’s eighth novel which simultaneously tells two stories: that of the eponymous French pilot dead on the Soviet soil during World War II and that of the narrator’s quest for a paternal figure. Highly self-reflexive and set in the past, La Terre et le ciel de Jacques Dorme can be potentially considered a historiographic metafiction, as Linda Hutcheon defines the most flagrant manifestation of postmodern literature. However, even if the story of the novel’s narrator defies chronology, is scattered with metafictional remarks and is fragmented, that of Jacques Dorme is a classical historical novel. I therefore argue that the chapters retracing the pilot’s service in the Red Army serve as a remedy against the sense of discontinuity marking the life of the narrator who grapples with his double non-belonging caused by, firstly, his orphanhood, and, secondly, the collapse of two empires, the Soviet and the French one.
Conversatoria Litteraria
|
2017
|
vol. 11
|
issue XI
423-432
PL
The present paper is devoted to the main work by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn The Red Wheel, which took about 60 years to be written. The scientists who research Solzhe-nitsyn’s works of art claim that the writer dealt with this historical novel to the last years of his life. Nevertheless, the creation of new parts of the gigantic cycle had been finished before Solzhenitsyn returned to the homeland in the early 90’s. The author of the paper focuses on some artistic postulates of the writer and shows the circum-stances of the decision to stop working on the epopee.
EN
Historical prose of Bulat Okudzhava is an interesting phenomenon. It belongs to the literary trend originating in the 20’s of the 20th century, when a rethinking and reappreciation of the past were postulated to plausibly lay out the genealogy of the present. Initially the authors of that period drew on big social and cultural upheavals and their heroes to explain the complicated relation between the individual and the revolution, and between the revolution and the Intelligentsia. In the Adventures of Dilettantes Okudzhava unambiguously follows those literary trails. He focuses on the momentous changes taking place in the Russian society in the second half of the 19th century and on the moralpsychological atmosphere of that time. One should note that the historicism of Okudzhava is of a very peculiar nature. It consists in considering the conflict between the individual and the authority not just in the historical perspective, but also in the philosophical, moral and deeply human aspects. In the novel Okudzhava proposes that totalitarian rule has not ever changed across the eras and tries to prove that hypothesis. In doing that the author is processing and transforming historical facts. Thus, the classic model of the historical novel is shattered since it is too constraining to accommodate elements of fiction, fantasy, dream, surreal visions. Okudzhava uses all of them to expand upon the spirituality of the characters.
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EN
The article contains the interpretation of Jacek Bocheński’s Tyberiusz Cezar (2009). This historical novel, which is a polemic with the “black legend” of the Emperor Tiberius, created by Roman historians, especially Tacitus and Suetonius, takes the issue of the historical truth, entanglement in political power, as well as the state of contemporary culture.
EN
The article discusses the poetics of ‘word painting’ in the generic and stylistic development of historical prose: from Pushkin’s Peter the Great’s Negro (1829) to Tolstoy’s novel Peter the Great (1930–1945). It is revealed that ‘verbal art’, along with ‘Walter Scott’s’ type of description of the epoch, functioned in novelistic texts as the most productive means of expression for artistic historicism. The opposition between this method of representation and that of static historical description – as in the ‘boyar chapters’ of Peter the Great’s Negro – is explained. It was this that may have caused the breach in the stylistic integrity of the novel and determined the incompleteness of its conception and realization. In their dynamic presentation of the life in ‘Peter’s Russia’, both Pushkin and Tolstoy blend antithetic techniques: viewing reality from a historical distance – with a direct vision of phenomena, generalizing historical and philosophic formulas – with objectified specificity of visual expression. With the help of the ‘verbal-art’ methods, an insight into the epoch is made possible by combining points of view and showing an image from varied angles. This serves achieving an artistic effect defined by Aleksei Tolstoy as ‘contemplation through somebody else’s eyes’, which illustrates the problem of ‘varying scale’ in presenting the era as having its own artistic significance.
EN
A Game of Thrones has reached Poland not only as a series but also as a novel. This, in turnhas led the Polish Author Elżbieta Chrezińska to publish a novel inspired by the work of GeorgeR. R. Martin. Cherezińska historical novel Korona śniegu i krwi, which digs seriously into the periodof Polish fragmentation from 1138–1320 and is now one of the most read Polish novels, has beenseen as a Polish response to A Game of Thrones. The question that arises is what the similarities anddifferences between the work by Martin and Cherezińska are? To what extend a novel inspired byEnglish history might be transferred to the Polish realities? Finally, what is the motivation for thisinspiration?
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