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Historia@Teoria
|
2017
|
vol. 1
|
issue 3
211-213
EN
The Institute of History at the University of Rzeszów off ers courses in the history of historiography as part of the fi rst and the second cycle of studies. In there, the history of Polish historiography is discussed, contrasted with the background of Western European historiograhy from the earliest to contemporary times. Th e focus is on the main models for historical research, and the views of their most outstanding representatives are presented.
2
80%
EN
The paper is an English translation of Gospodarcze podłoże rozbiorów Polski by Jan Rutkowski, published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1930. The text is published as a part of a jubilee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
EN
The history of the Median period written by Igor Mikhailovich Diakonoff (published in 1956) was translated to Persian by Karim Keshavarz in 1345 Solar year. This book was the product of profound and insightful research of this author that had been done by the request of Azerbaijan Science Academy in that time and its importance at the time of its publication and translation was immense as there had been no single book or other research publication directly covering this period in the Persian literature before. The available historical or archeological information on this period was only limited to the notes of Greek historians and some new western resources. Although those sources were valuable, they could not fill the vacant place of rigidly and accurately written resources for other researchers of this period because they were not based on direct data i.e. scripts, tablets and other archaeological data found during relevant excavations. The difference between Diakonoff’s research and other resources is that he first gives comprehensive information concerning resources from this period, then fully assesses them, and additionally describes the geographical and historical aspects. This makes Diakonoff’s Median book an exceptionally accurate resource in this regard and therefore even after several decades it still remains so important in Iranology and cognition of Iranians. In fact, one can see the immense impact of Diakonoff’s research on the field of the Median history since the translation time until the present time. It has always been one of the main sources cited in historical, linguistic, ethnological, archaeological and interdisciplinary studies by Iranian researchers.
EN
General Typology and Historical Typology. Selected Aspects of Methodology The author of this paper seeks to explore certain mechanisms and rules that collate and shape the types of systemic organization of various languages spoken all over the world, which appear irrespective of the degree of genetic relationship between those languages. The discussed mechanisms are to be divided here into two main groups: the first, which use universal features and are catalogued within contemporary linguistic typology as linguistic universals (see Joseph Greenberg’s linguistic universals) and the second, which use historical – typological features and are a subject of historical – comparative research that aims at discovering the correlation between language changes at difrerent levels of language systems. Both universal features as well as historical – typological features are closely related to one another, hence general typologies may justify particular theories using various types of research methods that examine and evaluate the origins of the language in question. The author tries to prove that typology, being a universal research tool, on the one hand, enables scholars and researchers to reduce or even eliminate discrepancies between synchronic and diachronic perspectives, on the other hand, however, exceeds the limits of interpretations that rely only on the existing relatedness between the languages or their affiliation to the same language family.
EN
The work of Colonel Stanisław Teofil Rola Arciszewski (Sztuka dowodzenia na zachodzie Europy [The Art of Command in Western Europe], first published by Główna Księgarnia Wojskowa, Warsaw 1934) is a pretext for a selective evaluation of the Polish art of war, and an attempt to formulate, on this basis, requirements for those who could practice this art in war need (chief, commanders). The book is a valuable creation of the intellect of a slightly forgotten officer, it is the fruit of his experience and independent historical studies on the art of war, war doctrines and command during the war. Since 1989, despite a large number of books in the field of defense, probably no work of comparable quality has been created.
PL
Dzieło pułkownika Stanisława Teofila Roli Arciszewskiego jest tłem i inspiracją do wybiórczej oceny polskiej sztuki wojennej oraz próbą sformułowania na tej podstawie wymagań wobec tych, którzy mogliby tę sztukę w wojennej potrzebie praktykować (wodza, dowódców). Książka „Sztuka dowodzenia na zachodzie Europy” jest wartościowym tworem intelektu trochę zapomnianego oficera, owocem jego doświadczeń i samodzielnych studiów historycznych nad sztuką wojenną, doktrynami wojennymi oraz dowodzeniem podczas wojny. Przenikliwe, i często ponadczasowe, spostrzeżenia zachowują współcześnie aktualność. Od 1989 r., pomimo dużej liczby wydawanych książek z zakresu obronności, prawdopodobnie nie powstało dzieło o porównywalnej jakości.
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