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THE CONTEMPORARY HISTORY MUSEUM AS AN INSTITUTION ACQUIRING, STORING AND RENDERING AVAILABLE HISTORICAL SOURCES FROM THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURY

100%
Bergmann O.
Muzealnictwo
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2013
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vol. 54
90-97
EN
The article focuses on more than ten questions concerning the titular theme. At the very onset the author noticed that museums, in particular so-called history museums, are for all practical purposes the only institution gathering and on an almost “mass-scale” rendering available a large part of existing sources, thus enabling the researcher to become acquainted with facts and processes from the past and to supplement his knowledge. For this reason, the museums in question are in a better situation than archives and libraries interested chiefly in “written sources”. The primacy of museums in this respect pertains to four types of sources that simultaneously comprise museum exhibits: 1) sources never or only sporadically amassed in libraries and archives, 2) sources important and useful for historians studying select problems (e.g. “small homelands”, the history of local communities, family history, etc.), i.e. information absent in other sources used most often by historians for the purpose of surveys, 3) material culture sources that cannot be found in libraries and archives, and 4) sources serving research dealing with widely comprehended daily life. There are several reasons for these indubitably extensive resources of museums showrooms and storerooms, i.a. first and foremost numerous interpersonal contacts with, e.g. collectors, history lovers, veterans or simply the public - museum visitors. In order to make suitable use of these assets and preserve them for future generations the article presents proposals for the professionalisation and intensification of acquiring, storing, and rendering available valuable albeit, as a rule, insufficiently appreciated historical sources in museums. This process is composed of scientific research conducted in museum institutions as well as contemporary digitization of collections and their suitable display corresponding to the expectations of the public and historians. Just as indispensable for the success of such projects is the professional competence and involvement of the museum staff, an expansion of the base of the social impact of the institutions in question, and the preparation of suitable methods of collaboration with scientific institutions, archives, libraries and individuals (e.g. collectors).
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Ku psychologickému identifikovaniu faktorov samoučenia

100%
Grác J.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2010
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vol. 1
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issue 2
189-200
EN
In this paper, the author focuses not on the acquisition of knowledge through classroom teaching, but on the process of knowledge acquisition via self-teaching among secondary school students. The analysis of this process is based on the written compositions of secondary school students in which they analyzed their own personal experiences of choosing the most effective methods of self-teaching. The analysis was based on such factors as the volume of material to be learned, time, energy and psychological stress. The author of the study adopts a formalized language in which the individual findings are interpreted not only in psychological terms, but also in terms of formal logic.
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WSPÓŁCZESNE MUZEUM HISTORYCZNE JAKO INSTYTUCJA GROMADZENIA, PRZECHOWYWANIA I UDOSTĘPNIANIA ŹRÓDEŁ HISTORYCZNYCH Z XIX I XX WIEKU

100%
Bergmann O.
Muzealnictwo
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2013
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vol. 54
90-97
PL
W artykule Współczesne muzeum historyczne jako instytucja gromadzenia, przechowywania i udostępniania źródeł historycznych z XIX i XX wieku skoncentrowano się na kilkunastu dotyczących tego tematu kwestiach. Już na początku zauważono, iż muzea, w tym szczególnie tzw. „historyczne”, są w praktyce jedynym miejscem gromadzenia i prawie „masowego” udostępnia dużej części istniejących źródeł, pozwalających badaczom poznać lub uzupełnić swoją wiedzę o faktach i procesach z przeszłości. Z tego powodu znajdują się one w lepszej sytuacji niż zainteresowane głównie „źródłami pisanymi” archiwa i biblioteki. Prymat w tym względzie muzeów dotyczy zwłaszcza czterech rodzajów jednocześnie źródeł, jak i eksponatów muzealnych: 1) źródeł w ogóle lub tylko sporadycznie gromadzonych w bibliotekach i archiwach, 2) źródeł dla historyków ważnych i przydatnych w badaniach pewnych zagadnień, (np. dotyczących „małych ojczyzn”, dziejów lokalnych społeczności, rodzinnych itd.), o których brak informacji w innych źródłach, z których w kwerendach historycy korzystają najczęściej 3) źródeł kultury materialnej, których szukanie w bibliotekach lub archiwach jest również bezcelowe, oraz 4) z nimi przeważnie bezpośrednio związanych źródeł służących do badań szeroko rozumianego życia codziennego. Przyczyn tego stanu rzeczy niewątpliwego bogactwa muzealnych sal i magazynów jest kilka w tym przede wszystkim liczne kontakty interpersonalne np. z zbieraczami, pasjonatami historii, środowiskami kombatanckimi czy po prostu z odwiedzającymi muzea osobami. Aby te atuty wielu muzeów odpowiednio wykorzystać i przede wszystkim zachować dla potomności kolejne źródła historyczne (w tym też te powstałe stosunkowo niedawno i jeszcze interesujące niewielu badaczy) w artykule przedstawiono też propozycję profesjonalizacji i intensyfikacji gromadzenia, przechowania i udostępniania w muzach cennych, choć przeważnie niedocenianych źródeł historycznych. Na ten proces składa się prowadzenie w tych instytucjach badań naukowych, nowoczesna digitalizacja zbiorów oraz ich odpowiednie (zgodną z oczekiwaniami zarówno zwiedzających, jak i historyków) ich eksponowanie. Poza tym niezbędne dla sukcesu tego rodzaju projektów jest fachowość i zaangażowanie pracowników muzeów, poszerzanie bazy społecznego oddziaływania tych instytucji oraz opracowanie odpowiednich, służących temu celowi metod współdziałania z placówkami naukowymi, archiwami, bibliotekami i osobami fizycznymi (np. kolekcjonerami).
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Poe’s Litotes (in Romanian Translation) or Why Less is Always More

88%
Hăisan D.
Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies
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2020
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vol. 13
123-135
EN
The paper looks into the way the various translators of Edgar Allan Poe‟s fiction into Romanian dealt with a figure of speech (or of thought) Poe seems to have been especially fond of: the litotes. Romanian versions spanning 55 years (1957-2012) are examined with a view to pinpointing whether litotes are interpreted as having to do with intensification or attenuation. The paper looks into the way the various translators of Edgar Allan Poe‟s fiction into Romanian dealt with a figure of speech (or of thought) Poe seems to have been especially fond of: the litotes. Romanian versions spanning 55 years (1957-2012) are examined with a view to pinpointing whether litotes are interpreted as having to do with intensification or attenuation.The paper looks into the way the various translators of Edgar Allan Poe‟s fiction into Romanian dealt with a figure of speech (or of thought) Poe seems to have been especially fond of: the litotes. Romanian versions spanning 55 years (1957-2012) are examined with a view to pinpointing whether litotes are interpreted as having to do with intensification or attenuation. The paper looks into the way the various translators of Edgar Allan Poe‟s fiction into Romanian dealt with a figure of speech (or of thought) Poe seems to have been especially fond of: the litotes. Romanian versions spanning 55 years (1957-2012) are examined with a view to pinpointing whether litotes are interpreted as having to do with intensification or attenuation.
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Je fais crise d’angoisse sur crise d’angoisse, de pire en pire : comment intensifier la peur dans le discours sur la « fin du monde »

88%
Niziołek M.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2015
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vol. 42
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issue 4
77-90
EN
This paper analyses the comments of internet users related to the news about the end of the world on the 21st of December, 2012. We consider which linguistic constructions allow fear to intensify. We indicate a semantic model of intensification which corresponds to the causative construction: Si Intens causes Si intens [very p (quality / condition)] causes [very q (act / new condition)], constituting the basis for the linguistic expression of fear. Because the end of the world is an unimaginable event, it causes fear – a primary and universal emotion. Surfers exploit various (formal, lexical, graphic, etc.) procedures which provide an opportunity for the feelings of fear to intensify. The intensification of the cause (approaching end of the world) provokes an intensification of the consequence (feeling of fear). The analysis is part of the work of the research group DiSEM (Discourse Semantics Inference) composed of researchers from the Pedagogical University of Cracow.
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Intensifying affixes across Italian and English

88%
Cacchiani S.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2011
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vol. 47
758
EN
This paper concentrates on the (dis-)similarities in meaning and uses of intensifying affixes across Italian and English nouns and adjectives adopting an integrated approach that brings together research on intensifiers (Paradis 2008), on intensifying and evaluative morphology in Italian and other languages (Grandi 2002; Montermini 2008) and on the morphopragmatics of Italian and other languages (Dressler and Merlini Barbaresi 1994). Specifically, we carried out a qualitative investigation into (partly) comparable corpora so as to have a means to support or revisit statements from encyclopaedic monolingual dictionaries which are typically used for categorial comparison in morphology (e.g. GRADIT, for Italian), as well as statements and current descriptions from the literature. As will be seen, this shall enable us to concentrate on the multiple dimensions along which intensifying affixes may differ or overlap both intra- and cross-linguistically, with special attention to quantity, degree, ±boundedness, the semantic shift from quantity to degree, and the interaction between semantic (degree) and pragmatic intensification.
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Boring as hell: a corpus study of intensifying post-modification of predicative adjectives in the ‘ADJ as NOUN’ frame

88%
Emmer J.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2020
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vol. 30
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issue 2
127-137
EN
This paper presents a phenomenon that has attracted little attention despite being relatively frequent and very productive in spoken language. The aim of this study is to prove that the ‘ADJ as NOUN’ frame, which is commonly used to form comparative phrases and similes, is also employed to intensify the meaning of predicative adjectives in both English and Czech but without the element of comparison. This study analyses data from two spoken corpora; the Spoken BNC2014 for English, and ČNK — ORAL_v1 for Czech. The corpus data serve as evidence confirming the existence of this pattern as a distinct entity with its own functions alongside being used in comparisons and similes. The results further show that both languages display semantic incongruence between the adjectives and nouns co-occurring in this structure. However, each language uses nominal elements from different lexical fields. Finally, the paper discusses potential issues of interpretation and the general motivation behind the usage of intensifying post-modification.
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À propos de quelques structures polyprédicatives comparatives à dominante extensive et/ou intensive

76%
Hajok A.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2019
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vol. 46
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issue 1
65-73
EN
The objective of this study is to discuss the semantic properties of the comparative structures polyprédicatves to dominant extensive and/or intensive. The comparative structures released for the need for this study make it possible to specify the nature of the concept of ‘compariso’.
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Wykładniki dezintensyfikacji w języku polskim i słowackim – zarys problematyki

75%
Sojda S.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2020
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vol. 55
EN
Exponents of Deintensification in Polish and Slovak: An OutlineThis paper deals with deintensification and its exponents in two closely related languages: Polish and Slovak. Despite a considerable interest of researchers in the phenomenon of intensification, it is relatively understudied in the Polish-Slovak contrastive perspective. The author focuses on the basic indicators of deintensification, which include grammatical and lexical attenuators. The study compares Polish and Slovak affixes with a weakening function and examines adverbial lexemes in the function of deintensifiers. Wykładniki dezintensyfikacji w języku polskim i słowackim – zarys problematykiTematyka artykułu dotyczy dezintensyfikacji i sposobów jej wyrażania w dwóch bliskopokrewnych systemach językowych: polskim i słowackim. Pomimo dużego zainteresowania badaczy zjawiskiem intensyfikacji zagadnienie to pozostaje mało zbadane w aspekcie konfrontatywnym polsko-słowackim. Autorka zwraca uwagę na podstawowe wykładniki dezintensyfikacji, do których należą atenuatory gramatyczne i leksykalne. Porównuje polskie i słowackie afiksy o funkcji osłabiającej i przedstawia leksemy o proweniencji przysłówkowej, które odgrywają rolę dezintensyfikatorów.
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Corpus-based Analysis of Verbal and Nominal Reduplication in Colloquial Singapore English

75%
Paweł Z.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
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2020
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issue 29/2
55-71
EN
Reduplication has always been an important subject of morphology and language typology. Cross-linguistic studies have identified 45 functions of reduplication in 108 languages. Total reduplication is recognised as productive and systematic in Colloquial Singapore English (CSE), possibly due to language contact. The paper aims to present the cases of verbal and nominal reduplication in CSE described in the linguistic literature, and juxtapose them with the examples from the Singapore component of the International Corpus of English (ICE-SIN), which seem to be indicative of discrepancies in form and functions.
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Propositions pour un dictionnaire des moyens d’intensification

65%
Pilecka E.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2015
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vol. 42
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issue 1
83-96
EN
The growing body of literature on intensifiers enables us to circumscribe the scope of the phenomenon more accurately and to identify rigorously its linguistic realizations. Yet, the latter are clearly underrepresented or inconsistently treated both in general dictionaries and in textbooks. That is why the need arises to work up a dictionary devoted to means of intensification so that it can serve as a tool to students of French. Rather than simply listing these means, it should be conceived of as a lexicongrammar enabling users both to vary particular forms and to respect syntactic and combinatory constraints. Additionally, it should account for when registers can be conveniently switched. The present paper aims at giving some hints on how such a disctionary should be prepared.
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Wpływy czeskie w kształtowaniu się polskich wykładników intensyfikacji

63%
Mitrenga B.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2019
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vol. 75
111-126
PL
Przedmiotem opisu w niniejszym artykule są polskie wykładniki intensyfikacji o proweniencji czeskiej. Szczegółową analizą objęto intensyfikatory będące odpowiednikami staroczeskiego přieliš, tj. bezlisz, brzezlisz, przelisz, przezlisz i przylisz, wyrażenie na porząd oraz jednostkę wielmi. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na ich genezę, znaczenie, frekwencję tekstową, zakres użycia w dawnych tekstach oraz funkcjonowanie w historii polszczyzny. Analiza wykazała, że wymienione bohemizmy istniały głównie w staropolszczyźnie i w XVI wieku, czyli w czasie, gdy polskie piśmiennictwo rozwijało się pod wpływem czeszczyzny. Oddziaływanie języka czeskiego na rozwój polskich wykładników intensyfikacji nie było silne, o czym świadczy zazwyczaj niska frekwencja analizowanych form w nielicznych polskich zabytkach językowych tego okresu.
EN
The article describes Polish exponents of intensification of Czech origin. The detailed analysis includes intensifiers which are equivalents of Old Bohemian přieliš, i.e. bezlisz, brzezlisz, przelisz, przezlisz and przylisz, the expression na porząd and the unit wielmi. The paper focuses on their origin, meaning, text frequency, scope of use in ancient texts and functioning in the history of Polish. The analysis shows that the above-mentioned Bohemisms existed mainly in Old Polish and in the 16th century, which was a time when the Polish literature was developing under the Czech influence. The influence of the Czech language on the development of Polish exponents of intensification was not strong. This is evidenced by the low frequency of the analyzed forms in the few monuments of the Polish language of that period.
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È stato un mezzo disastro… Fenomeni di convergenza tra approssimazione e intensificazione: uno studio contrastivo su italiano e russo

63%
Benigni V.
Italica Wratislaviensia
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2023
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issue 14.1
9-34
IT
A partire dal case-study dell’approssimante italiano mezzo ‘metà di’ e attraverso un approccio basato sull’uso, il presente lavoro si propone di evidenziare interessanti punti di convergenza semantica e funzionale tra approssimazione e intensificazione, strategie di costruzione del significato tradizionalmente considerate divergenti. Mezzo agisce sia a livello semantico, modulando la forza referenziale di nomi, verbi e aggettivi, sia a livello pragmatico, dove funziona come marca discorsiva che consente al parlante di ridurre la forza illocutiva delle sue affermazioni e al ricevente di compiere le inferenze necessarie a interpretare correttamente le intenzioni dell’interlocutore dietro ad usi non letterali (o cosiddetti loose dalla Teoria della Pertinenza), quali, ad esempio, l’understatement e l’iperbole. Nella seconda parte dell’articolo verranno discussi i risultati di un’analisi contrastiva con il russo, partendo dal presupposto che l’identificazione di equivalenze funzionali tra lingue diverse è un metodo euristico valido per spiegare la multifunzionalità semantica e pragmatica di alcuni elementi lessicali, anche in una prospettiva interlinguistica.
EN
Based on the case-study of the Italian downtoner mezzo, ‘half of’, the present work aims to highlight, through a usage-based approach, interesting points of semantic and functional convergence between approximation and intensification, which are traditionally considered divergent meaningconstruction strategies. Mezzo functions both on the semantic level, by modulating the referential force of nouns, verbs, and adjectives, and on the pragmatic level, where it acts as a discourse marker, enabling the speaker to reduce the illocutionary force of their assertions and helping the receiver to make the inferences necessary to recognise the speaker’s communicative intentions in cases of “loose talk” (in Relevance Theory terms), such as understatement and overstatement. In the second part of the article, the results of a contrastive analysis with Russian are discussed, based on the assumption that the identification of functional equivalences between different languages is a valid heuristic method to explain the semantic and pragmatic multifunctionality of certain lexical elements, also from a cross-linguistic perspective.
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Местоименията в стиловете на болгарская еялк

63%
ИЛИЕВА М.
Stylistyka
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2011
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vol. 20
381-396
RU
The stylistic peculiarities of the pronouns in the Bulgarian language are examined in the paper. The reasons for the attention towards the pronouns He in their poor studying as stylistic means as well as in their belonging to the Fnguistic universalities which gives an opportunity for observations in comparative and juxtaposing aspect. First of all, on the basis of materiał from the five functional styles, conclusions are drawn about the frequency of the pronominal use in each formation. By discussing the extra-linguistic reasons for the results the marked activity of the pronouns in the colloouial speech is ascertained vs. the сотрагабѵеіу Iow frequency of use in the business speech. The statistic data are based on a body of 150 000 units for each style, fhe author quote< data conceminj the functioning of the separate groups of pronouns in the five func*'onal styles and the data are bound to the indication bookishness of the texts.The second problem which is discussed in the paper is the axiological and intensification use of the pronouns in the colloquial speech. On the basis of their distribution on the scalę us / them the assessment uses are described which are connected with the oppositions near / far, definite / indefmite, man I not man. As a result of the analysis of the cited examples the equalization of the oppositions us 'them and good / bad in the use of linguistic means is determined. Part of the examples have counterparts in other languages as for instance ii i the Polish language and this provides the opportunity to formulate the hypothe^is of universality in the assessment uses of the pronouns in the various languages as well.
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Escape from Etymology? A Corpus Study of Polish Adjectival Intensifiers

63%
Dziwirek K.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio N – Educatio Nova
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2020
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issue 5
EN
Using the Polish National Corpus (NKJP), the author discusses 31 Polish reinforcing adverbs to determine the degree of their semantic specificity and freedom of connection with adjectives. Empowering adverbs express the person’s judgement, attitudes, and emotions. The author shows that most of the reinforcing adverbs have not deviated from their etymology, even though they are considered synonyms of the word “very”: their etymological meanings influence the choice of the adjective. The most frequently reinforced adjectives in NKJP are “difficult”, “important” and “essential”.
PL
Używając Narodowego Korpusu Języka Polskiego (NKJP), autorka omawia 31 polskich przysłówków wzmacniających, aby określić stopień ich specyficzności semantycznej oraz dowolności łączenia się z przymiotnikami. Przysłówki wzmacniające wyrażają sądy, postawy i emocje osoby mówiącej. Autorka pokazuje, że większość przysłówków wzmacniających nie oddaliło się od swojej etymologii, mimo że są uważane za synonimy słowa bardzo: ich etymologiczne znaczenia wpływają na wybór przymiotnika. Najczęściej wzmacniane przymiotniki w NKJP to trudny, ważny i istotny.
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Zum Bewerten in ausgewählten fußballbezogenen Internetkommentaren

63%
Jakosz M.
Germanica Wratislaviensia
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2018
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vol. 143
193 - 208
DE
Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, die expliziten und impliziten Bewertungsstrategien in ausgewählten fußballbezogenen Internetkommentaren zu analysieren, die verschiedenen Foren für Fußballfans bzw. der deutschen Online-Presse entnommen wurden. Sie beziehen sich auf die für die Fußballfans wichtigen, meist umstrittenen Ereignisse. Dazu gehört z.B. der Transfer von Fußballspielern, die gewonnenen bzw. verlorenen Fußballspiele oder der Wechsel eines Trainers in einer Mannschaft. Unsere Aufmerksamkeit richtet sich auf das bewertende Potenzial der einzelnen Wortarten und der stilistischen Mittel wie Ironie oder Metapher. Vor der Analyse werden Internetkommentare als bewertende Textsorten charakterisiert und die grundlegenden Merkmale des fußballbezogenen Kommentars behandelt.
EN
The aim of this article is to analyse explicit and implicit strategies for the expression of judgements in selected internet comments on football. The comments have been taken from forums for football fans and from the online editions of the German press. The comments concern events from the world of football which are important and often controversial for internet users, for instance football transfers, results of matches or replacements of football coaches. The author focuses his attention on the evaluative potential of selected parts of speech and stylistic devices, such as irony or metaphor. His analysis is preceded by a characterization of internet comments as evaluative genres and a description of the main features of a comment on football.
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Linguistic notes: on iota and comma

51%
Korpysz T.
Studia Norwidiana
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2019
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vol. 37 English Version
215-226
EN
In Norwid’s writings, the nouns koma [comma] and jota [iota] that literally mean respectively: ‘comma’ and ‘the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet’ or ‘the Polish letter and consonant j’, in the vast majority of cases have secondary, figurative meanings – in particular, when they are elements of phraseological units, but also in some other contexts they usually refer to some small elements of a text. It is symptomatic that a large part of Norwid’s usages more or less directly refer to the well-known biblical quotation from the Gospel of Matthew, which in King James Version reads: “For verily I say unto you, till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.” Norwid’s use of comma and iota analysed in this article indirectly confirms the importance that the poet attached not only to the graphic layout and punctuation, or more generally to the formal aspects of the texts, but also to their proper, profound understanding.
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Profilaktyka społeczna jako działalność intensyfikująca odporność psychiczną

51%
Łukowski K.
Kultura i Edukacja
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2021
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issue 3(133)
211-225
PL
Działania profilaktyczne zapobiegają pojawiającym się problemom społecznym, przy wykorzystaniu różnych metod i narzędzi do pracy. Niniejszy artykuł przybliży pomysł na prowadzenie profilaktyki społecznej, przy pomocy paintballu i survivalu, jako narzędzi do pracy terapeutycznej. Profilaktyka społeczna oparta na elementach przetrwania ma charakter zajęć rekreacyjnych, które przygotowują uczestników do podejmowania działań w trudnych warunkach i do poszukiwania dróg radzenia sobie z własnymi słabościami. W badaniach nad wzmocnieniem odporności psychicznej przyjmuję koncepcję teorii ugruntowanej, opartej na przeprowadzonych wywiadach i obserwacji uczestniczącej. Profilaktyka społeczna z elementami paintballu i sztuki przetrwania posiada w sobie takie cechy, które wzmacniają odporność psychiczną, uczą pewności siebie i wytrwałości. Profilaktyka ruchowa posługuje się ludzkim potencjałem, energią i werwą, po to, aby w jak najlepszy sposób wykorzystać te elementy w praktycznym doświadczaniu życia. Aktywność fizyczna wywołuje pozytywne zmiany w funkcjonowaniu człowieka i uczy sposobów reagowania na trudne sytuacje. Celem artykułu jest dostarczenie wiedzy badawczej, dotyczącej natężenia odporności psychicznej, od graczy paintballowych, którzy są organizatorami działań profilaktycznych. Opracowane materiały posłużą do budowania alternatywnej wizji spędzania wolnego czasu dla dzieci i młodzieży oraz ich rodziców.
EN
Preventive activities prevent emerging social problems, using various methods and tools for work. This article will introduce the idea of conducting social prevention using paintball and survival, as tools for therapeutic work. Social prevention based on the elements of survival has the nature of recreational activities that prepare participants to take action in difficult conditions and to look for ways to deal with their own weaknesses. In research on strengthening mental resilience, I adopt the concept of grounded theory, based on interviews and participant observation. Social prophylaxis with elements of paintball and the art of survival has features that strengthen mental resilience, teach self-confidence and persistence. Movement prophylaxis uses human potential, energy, and verve to make the best use of these elements in the practical experience of life. Physical activity causes positive changes in human functioning and teaches how to react to difficult situations. The aim of the article is to provide research knowledge on the strength of mental resilience from paintball players who organize preventive measures. The developed materials will be used to build an alternative vision of spending free time for children, adolescents, and their parents.
19

Notatki językowe: o jocie i komie

51%
Korpysz T.
Studia Norwidiana
|
2019
|
vol. 37
217-227
PL
Rzeczowniki koma i jota, które dosłownie oznaczają odpowiednio: ‘przecinek’ oraz ‘dziewiątą literę alfabetu greckiego’ i ‘polską literę oraz głoskę j’, w pismach Norwida w zdecydowanej większości przypadków mają wtórne znaczenia przenośne. Zwłaszcza wówczas, gdy są one elementami połączeń sfrazeologizowanych, ale też w niektórych innych kontekstach zwykle nazywają one wówczas drobne elementy jakiegoś tekstu. Charakterystyczne, że duża część Norwidowskich użyć mniej lub bardziej bezpośrednio nawiązuje do znanego biblijnego cytatu z Ewangelii św. Mateusza, który w tłumaczeniu ks. Jakuba Wujka brzmi: „Zaprawdę bowiem powiadam wam: dopóki nie przeminie niebo i ziemia, jedna jota albo jedna kreska nie odmieni się w Zakonie, aż się wszystko stanie”. Analizowane Norwidowskie użycia komy i joty pośrednio potwierdzają wagę, jaką poeta przywiązywał nie tylko do grafii i interpunkcji czy ogólniej do formalnych aspektów tekstów, lecz także do właściwego, głębokiego ich rozumienia.
EN
In Norwid’s writings, the nouns koma [comma] and jota [iota] that literally mean respectively: ‘comma’ and ‘the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet’ or ‘the Polish letter and consonant j’, in the vast majority of cases have secondary, figurative meanings – in particular, when they are elements of phraseological units, but also in some other contexts they usually refer to some small elements of a text. It is symptomatic that a large part of Norwid’s usages more or less directly refer to the well-known biblical quotation from the Gospel of Matthew, which in King James Version reads: “For verily I say unto you, till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.” Norwid’s use of comma and iota analysed in this article indirectly confirms the importance that the poet attached not only to the graphic layout and punctuation, or more generally to the formal aspects of the texts, but also to their proper, profound understanding.
20
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Absobloominlutely: intenzifikační vkládání v angličtině

45%
Klégr A., Vojtěch A.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
|
2020
|
vol. 102
|
issue 1
36-54
EN
The paper deals with intensifying (expletive) insertion reminiscent of infixation (debatable in English). The inserted intensifiers placed inside the base are (unlike infixes) free morphemes producing what have been called “un-bloody-likely” words which contravene the presumably universally valid uninterruptibility criterion defining the word. The paper, drawing on literature, web search and the analysis of a sample of attested intensified words (Vojtěch 2019), describes the properties of the base and the intensifier (expletive) and the principles governing the placement of the intensifier.
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