Search results - CEJSH

1

Analiza językowa tekstu prawniczego

100%

Michalewski K.

Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze

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2014

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issue 28

67-80

EN

It is an analysis of the grounds of a certain court order. The text contains numerous linguisticdeficiencies. Among them are: typing errors, spelling mistakes, punctuation, flexographic,lexical and syntactical errors. Undeniably they harm the prestige of the office whichsigned the document and make it more difficult to interpret the decisions of such an office.Albeit the result of the analysis of one legal writing does not entitle to making generalizations,however it encourages linguists to become interested in this category of speech.

PL

It is an analysis of the grounds of a certain court order. The text contains numerous linguistic deficiencies. Among them are: typing errors, spelling mistakes, punctuation, flexographic, lexical and syntactical errors. Undeniably they harm the prestige of the office which signed the document and make it more difficult to interpret the decisions of such an office. Albeit the result of the analysis of one legal writing does not entitle to making generalizations, however it encourages linguists to become interested in this category of speech.

2

Założenia jednoznaczeniowego kontekstowego słownika translacyjnego rosyjskiego języka prawnego

93%

Nawacka J., Nawacki M.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2009

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XIV

443-452

EN

The article presents the assumptions for the single meaning dictionary as resulting from the features of the legal language. It also presents the causes of including each of the terms denoted by one common heading in separate entries. It also presents the structure of an entry as based on the contextual analysis.

3

Wybrane aspekty rosyjsko-polskiego przekładu tekstów prawnych w kontekście wyrażenia statusu ich obowiązywania

93%

Nawacka J.

Acta Polono-Ruthenica

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2018

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vol. Tom 1 Nr XXIII

123-138

EN

The present paper concerns translation of legal language as an act of communication and constitutes an attempt to reconstruct the presuppositions of legally binding statements that appear in messages which are sent in legal language and which are read on the directive level. The problem of the binding of a legal act might seem irrelevant from the point of view of translation. This is so because the descriptive layer of a message does not change depending on whether a given norm enters into force or not, or whether it loses its binding power or not. However, the sender of a message in legal language does not send a message devoid of information concerning legal binding. The latter is the main constitutive element of every message sent in legal language, which in turn results in communication based on presupposition.

4

Język konstytucji. Semiotyczne typy wypowiedzi w tekście ustawy zasadniczej

93%

Dąbrowski M.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2021

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issue 4(165)

13-35

EN

The subject of the analysis is the language of fundamental laws, types of semiotic statements (directive, evaluative, formative, descriptive) and their occurrence in the texts of Polish constitutions with particular emphasis on the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997. Directive statements are characteristic of normative acts, they contain rules of conduct and tell what reality is supposed to look like. Evaluative statements express approval or disapproval of certain phenomena and facts. Formative statements make changes to reality, while descriptive statements show what the world around the narrator looks like. All the indicated types of statements appear in the fundamental laws. The paper discusses their meaning and functions.

5

A Note on the Linguistic (In)Determinacy in the Legal Context

93%

Witczak-Plisiecka I.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2009

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vol. 5

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issue 2

201-226

EN

This paper discusses linguistic vagueness in the context of a semantically restricted domain of legal language. It comments on selected aspects of vagueness found in contemporary English normative legal texts and on terminological problems related to vagueness and indeterminacy both in the legal domain and language in general. The discussion is illustrated with selected corpus examples of vagueness in English legal language and attempts to show problems of the relation between vagueness and ambiguity in the context of legal institutionalised systems.The discussion also evokes theoretical issues which pertain to the relation between legal texts and their contexts, the problem of how linguistic forms acquire their contextual meaning and how linguistic expressions are disambiguated. These issues are further related to the post-Gricean theory of relevance, its inferential model of communication, and the interplay between the linguistic code and inferential processes in (specialised) communication.

6

Metaphors and Legal Language: a Few Comments on Ordinary, Specialised and Legal Meaning

93%

Wojtczak S., Witczak-Plisiecka I.

Research in Language

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2019

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vol. 17

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issue 3

273-295

EN

The present text offers a few comments on the metaphorical dimension of legal language and the nature of legal language as such. The authors discuss selected metaphors in the context of the Polish legislation with the aim to show how the metaphorical dimension of language can be used and abused. It is also demonstrated that the metaphorical dimension of language can cross-cut the interface between language and law on different levels. There are metaphors in legal texts that can be deliberately used to emphasise or cover selected aspects of meaning, and others that can just happen to act irrespective of any premeditated action on the part of the legislator. Finally, in a wider perspective, it is shown that the relation between ordinary language and the language of the law, i.e. ordinary meaning and legal meaning, may itself be seen as a relation between two domains within which metaphorical mapping takes place. It is claimed that the divide between the realm of law and the “real world” goes beyond a trivial division relative to expertise in the law and expertise in legal discourse, but can be better understood as the division between the legal community and the non-legal community including the academia where linguists reside.

7

Gerundialne jednostki tekstu prawnego – problem identyfikacji

93%

Moroz A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2021

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vol. 28

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issue 1

71-86

EN

This text is an attempt to apply the concept of a legal text unit to the description of strictly defined structures of legal texts, namely the gerund strings. The main attention is focused on the methods used to identify multi-segment terminological structures and on distinguishing them from strings that constitute a combination of linguistic expressions. The overall conclusion of such analysis is based on the indication of the mechanism used for connecting and limiting gerund structures in this scope. Therefore, this work includes, among others, the formal procedure of verification, which allows for distinguishing, with significant precision, the syntactic constructions with gerund forms and similar sequences of terms.

8

Właściwości akomodacyjne i kolokacyjne nazw terminów procesowych z perspektywy translacyjnej

93%

Iluk J., Iluk Ł.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2020

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issue 18

153-167

EN

Due to the importance of observing procedural deadlines, phrases expressing temporal relationships show specific features. These are high turnout, templateness, the ability to develop temporal formulas in the form of collocation chains, the specific distribution of language means depending on the branch of law and the connectivity of the leaders of these phrases. The comparison of temporal formulas in Polish and German law showed significant interlingual differences. They are the main reason for translation difficulties in this area. Confrontative analysis of published translations of selected legal acts revealed significant disadvantages of the translation strategies used in them. It also confirmed the value of micro-comparisons for translational purposes.

9

Polszczyzna urzędowa i jej warianty

93%

MALINOWSKA E.

Stylistyka

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2009

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vol. 18

55-64

EN

The aim of this paper is to make an attempt to determine the status of language in the ad- ministrative-legal language communication sphere and a proposal for an intemal diffe- rentiation of this variety of Polish.The author supports the tradition of using the name administrative variant as the one of higher order to all the expressions servicing this sphere, and to distinguish within its scope the following: the legał subvariant as the central one (law is the broadest framework of administrative activities), the office subvariant and the rhetoric subvariant. Each of them may have a further differentiation depending on the assumed criteria.

10

Prosty język w komunikacji prawniczej – okiem redaktora językowego

93%

Zandberg-Malec J.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2021

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vol. 28

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issue 1

191-204

EN

The article discusses the practical use of plain language rules in editing law-related texts. The author believes that it is possible and worth the effort to write legal texts in accordance with the rules of plain language, i.e. with the expected reader in mind, giving examples of rewritten sentences taken from the articles for an online law portal. The author divides the processes in terms of ‘structural order’ and ‘linguistic order’ and shows that even cosmetic editing in the spirit of plain language, without affecting the text’s structure, improves its intelligibility.

11

Wpływ dwujęzyczności na kształtowanie się urzędowej odmiany języka – na przykładzie średniowiecznych wielkopolskich rot sądowych

93%

Słoboda A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2021

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vol. 28

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issue 1

143-152

EN

The article discusses Polish-Latin bilingualism of Polish medieval legal texts and its impact on the shaping of the official language variant. The article presents constructions that, in their own structure of court oath, include a form of set and often repeated formulas. These are: the formula of initial oath (Tako mi pomoży Bog i święty krzyż [so help me God and the holy cross]) and the comparative construction indicating the membership of a social class of the participants of the events (tako dobry jako sam [as good as himself]) or the material value (tako dobry jako [as good as]). These constructions would appear in the Polish text in Latin, both in full or shortened form, or they would be part in Polish, part in Latin. The stable form of constructions that appeared in Latin as calques due to the influence of Polish indicates that they became, as a result of the domination of the Latin template, vivid markers of the official style in medieval Polish.

12

Funkcjonalne piękno języka prawnego

93%

Lizisowa M. T.

Studia Iuridica

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2020

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vol. 83

114-134

PL

The article presents a stylistic analysis of legal language by combining moral issues with the logical use of linguistic signs – text, sentences and words. Particular emphasis was placed on the prescriptive nature of the preamble and on the logical structure of a sentence in legal language. The article also reflects human reflection on the beauty of the text, which is based on observation of the world and results from the need to arrange it according to cherished values. In this systemic harmony of content and form, there is the moral aspect of creating legislative texts in order to ensure security and just rights for society, as well as their functional beauty. The article presents numerous examples of the relationship between the morality and beauty of legal language through the prism of the content of legal acts.

13

Law and Legal Linguistics in a Constant State of Transition

93%

Wagner A., Matulewska A.

Comparative Legilinguistics

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2021

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vol. 47

7-16

EN

Legal linguistics or jurilinguistics as it has been called recently, is a relatively new field of research. The first research into the field started with analysing the content of laws (the epistemic stage). Later on, lawyers started being interested in manners of communicating laws (the heuristic stage). This Special Issue of Comparative Legilinguistics contains two texts devoted to the development of legal linguistics, legal languages and legal translation and two papers on an institutional stratification of legal linguistics. It is a continuation of research published in the same journal (Special Issue no. 45 titled “The Evil Twins and Their Silent Otherness in Law and Legal Translation”) providing some insights into the problems of communication in legal settings.

14

On the Normative Paradigm of Sworn Translation in the Realm of Law

93%

Król M. Z.

Research in Language

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2020

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vol. 18

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issue 3

299-318

EN

In the 1920s the Polish legislature adopted a whole range of normative acts focused on the protection of the Polish language and on sworn translators practicing in official contexts. In accordance with statutory law, since 2004 sworn translators have been considered a profession commanding public trust. Among the many professional duties associated with sworn translators' performance, the regulations emphasize the duty to translate both spoken discourse and written texts with precision and faithfulness, and make sworn translators liable to disciplinary sanctions for poor quality work. The principles and rules for practicing the profession of sworn translator are enumerated in the Professional Sworn Translator’s Code of 2018.

15

On Some of the Aspects of the Linguistic Theory of Law

93%

Andruszkiewicz M.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2016

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vol. 46

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issue 1

211-229

EN

The article analyses the approach to the study of the sphere of language between theory of law and the philosophy of language. The aim of the paper is to study the range of applicability of philosophical and linguistic conceptions in theory of law. Law theory reflects certain movements and controversies that have been significant in linguistic sciences. The analyses, which, so far, have been conducted in theory of law, concentrated mainly on the use of the results of such achievements made by the representatives of the philosophy of language and linguistics as formal languages theories, transformational-generative theories, structuralism, formalism, pragmalinguistics. In this article, it is claimed that contemporary changes in the humanities justify the expansion of the range of jurisprudence integration to some other approaches, different from formalistic and pragmatic ones.

16

A Few Remarks on Legal Translation and Intercultural Encounters

93%

Witczak-Plisiecka I.

Research in Language

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2020

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vol. 18

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issue 3

265-281

EN

The text offers comments on legal translation and its special nature. It is argued that legal translation is much different from other types of specialised translations. Unlike the language of engineering or medicine, legal language does not only refer to the related specialised practice, i.e. the law, but constitutes legal reality, being at the same time an instrument with which legal disputes are resolved. In the context of translation, legal language is particularly challenging as the process of finding equivalence is not restricted to interlinguistic level, but invites both intralinguistic and intersemiotic considerations. Moving not only between different natural languages, but also between different legal cultures, legal translators have to face problems that can often be naturally found in intercultural communication.

17

Przyczynek do historii rozwoju prawa i lingua legis w Korei

82%

Wojtasik E.

Investigationes Linguisticae

|

2014

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issue 31

43-56

EN

This article aims at describing a process of development of law and a legal language at the Korean Peninsula as a background for showing directions of word borrowings into Korean legal language. In order to achieve this assumption, not only specific Korean legal acts along with their main principles, crucial to forming up new countries in the territory, were analyzed but also some specific Korean legal terms which emerged in Korean legal reality. The history of legal language on Korean Peninsula was presented chronologically in order to present a process of borrowing legal terms. The author presents examples of loanwords which enriched the Korean legal language.

PL

Poniższy artykuł ma na celu zaprezentowanie przebiegu procesu kształtowania się prawa i jego języka na terenie Półwyspu Koreańskiego jako tła dla kierunku zapożyczeń w koreańskim języku prawa. W tym celu przeanalizowano nie tylko wybrane koreańskie akty prawne ze szczególnym wskazaniem głównych ich założeń, ważnych dla formujących się wówczas państw koreańskich, ale także wskazano poszczególne terminy prawa koreańskiego jak i kierunek ich pojawienia się w rzeczywistości prawnej państw koreańskich. Historia formowania się języka prawa na Półwyspie została przedstawiona chronologicznie i posłużyła do zaprezentowania procesu zapożyczeń w koreańskiej prawnej i prawniczej warstwie językowej jako jednej z cech języka prawa. Proces zapożyczania poszczególnych terminów specjalistycznych został zobrazowany przykładami z koreańskiego języka prawa.

18

Stopień pasywizacji tekstów prawniczych w oryginale i w przekładzie. Analiza kontrastywna angielsko-francusko-polska

81%

Stawecka-Kotuła A.

Acta Neophilologica

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2020

|

vol. XXII/2

187-198

EN

The main focus of this paper is the degree of passivisation in English, French and Polish legal texts, considered as fully representative of specialised discourse, examined in selected original and translated texts. Since it is assumed that typological differences between languages determine users’ choices regarding their selection of passive structures, the very same tendencies should be also reflected in the specialised, legal variant of the language. The aim of this study is to verify this assumption by juxtaposing the research findings from two specialised corpora, namely a comparable corpus and a parallel corpus, both created by the author following corpus linguistics principles.

19

A FEW NOTES ON THE LANGUAGE OF EU ANTITRUST LAW IN ENGLISH-POLISH TRANSLATION

81%

Piszcz A.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2013

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vol. 34

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issue 1

161-174

EN

In this paper I would like to present a brief description of the issues in English-Polish translation in the field of antitrust. Ever since Poland became a part of the broadening European integration, the Polish antitrust laws have been strongly “Europeanised”. Many new linguistic elements exist in both the Polish language of antitrust law and Polish legal language. Whatever the cause, the result is a decrease in the quality of the language. The issues of concern are divided into two groups. The first relates to producing Polish versions of EU legal documents concerning antitrust (part 2 of the paper). The second is related to translating English language of antitrust for the purposes of drafting national documents concerning antitrust, both legal documents and documents that are not legally binding (part 3 of the paper). I will then (in part 4 of the paper) turn to areas where a change is needed and propose measures that might be helpful in the current circumstances.

20

O możliwości stosowania niektórych systemów tense logic i systemu and then G.H. von Wrighta w naukach prawnych

81%

Kozanecka-Dymek A.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2014

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vol. 42

|

issue 1

59-74

EN

The article is devoted to the application of some temporal systems, and especially of their language, in the legal sciences, mainly in the area of dogmatic law. The first part sets out the conditions that have to be satisfied by temporal systems in order to be applicable in these sciences. The second presents a short characterization of some tense logic systems and von Wright's And Then system. The third part contains examples of their application in the legal sciences. The article maintains that suitable temporal systems can provide a precise language by means of which one can formalize the propositions of legal language that contain specific tense expressions and create models for inferences that contain such propositions. The appropriate systems would also provide tools for checking the correctness of these inferences.

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