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The Effect of Experimental Presentation of Images of Women in Magazine Advertising and Works of Art on Body (Dis)satisfaction in Adolescent Girls

100%
Mirucka B.
Kultura i Edukacja
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2018
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issue 2(120)
113-130
EN
The present study was the first to investigate the influence of artistic images of women on adolescent girls’ body attitude. The results have shown that a 10-minute exposure to artistic images of women by such great masters as Titian, Botticelli or Degas significantly changed body attitude in teenage girls, which was expressed through increased body satisfaction, decreased body dissatisfaction, and weakening of negative body emotion. Those outcomes have also confirmed the results of the existing studies exploring the negative influence of magazine advertising on teenage girls’ body experiencing. The comparison of two study groups has shown that girls looking at women in works of art expressed a significantly higher level of body satisfaction than girls exposed to women in advertisements.
2

Koncepcja odpowiedzialności mass mediów w myśli Denisa Mcquaila

86%
Jęczeń J., Zielińska-Król K.
Roczniki Nauk o Rodzinie (Annals of Family Studies)
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2012
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vol. 4(59)
285-298
EN
Our perception of reality is subjective. Each person perceives reality in a different way, experiencing only a fraction of it. And yet we believe, or rather we want to believe, that there is an objective reality. Today one needs an extensive knowledge so as not to get lost in the hotchpotch of information provided by the modern media, and to find the information essential for us. Subconsciously, we are looking for an authority to provide us with an interpretation of reality, explanation, personal opinions and even instructions on how to understand it. Mass media have taken up this role in the modern, technologically developed society. The belief in the omniscient media drives people to perceive the media-generated images and news as more real than their own life experiences. Not without a reason the media consciously resort to manipulation. There is a conviction that one can rule over people by gaining power over their imagination. An average receiver of the 21st century media is a perfect target for the modern television, Internet, video games, etc; overworked, tired and stressed, s/he will trust the media and the information they provide. And again we come back to the question of whether it is the media that create the world, or is it the world that shapes the mass media? Whatever the answer, we arrive at further questions: the question of responsibility in the communication process, responsibility for spreading honest and reliable information, and responsibility for creating social relationships.
3
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Rola i wpływ mediów na postawy prosportowe młodzieży akademickiej

81%
Skrzypczak J., Wallas T.
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
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2018
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issue 2
5-15
EN
The key research question in this paper was an attempt to determine whether the media can have influence on health attitudes, in particular encouraging physical activity or practicing sports, and what forms and levels of communication via the media should be used to ensure effective promotion of pro-health attitudes among students. An attempt was made to identify the sources from which students get information about sports, as well as to determine their interest in sport disciplines and events, expectations and preferences related to sports media coverage, as well as pro-health attitudes. The study was conducted in 2017, by surveying students in selected academic centers. A total of 489 questionnaires were received, containing the answers of students from several Polish universities in different cities.
PL
Kluczowym pytaniem badawczym w przypadku tego opracowania, była próba ustalenia czy media mogą mieć wpływ na postawy prozdrowotne, w szczególności sprzyjające podejmowaniu aktywności fizycznej, a nadto w jakich formach i na jakich płaszczyznach komunikacji medialnej należy skutecznie upowszechniać wzorce postępowania w zakresie promowania postaw prozdrowotnych, aby dotrzeć do grupy docelowej. Podjęta została próba określenia źródeł, z których studenci czerpią informacje na temat sportu, a także jak kształtują się ich zainteresowania dyscyplinami i wydarzeniami sportowymi, oczekiwania, gusta i preferencje związane z przekazami medialnych o tematyce sportowej, jak również postawy prozdrowotne. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w 2017 r. poprzez ankietyzację studentów w wybranych ośrodkach akademickich. Uzyskano łącznie 489 ankiet, zawierających odpowiedzi studentów kilku polskich uczelni z różnych miast.
4
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Telewizja a rodzina: pomiędzy zagrożeniem a szansą

72%
Dyczewski L.
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
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2000-2001
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vol. 28-29
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issue 1
129-147
EN
Television was very quick to make itself familiar in the homes in all countries. The TV-set has also entered the shopping structure of the Polish family. It has become a necessity. It has modified the structure of the living space and takes a prominent position in it. Also in the structure of family time watching television soon has outdistanced other forms of spending spare time. Television has become an integral element of the Polish family's life. It is perceived as a factor integrating the family by a considerable proportion of Poles. A peculiar style of life with television has been formed and a peculiar television culture of both the weekday and of the holiday is being shaped; or, if defined in a different way, the Polish family is becoming a television family. Television creates a specific context for the family life and performs a lot of functions in it, e.g. supplies information from Poland and from the world; it is a means of spending spare time and “somebody” who keeps company; who plays the role of a “babysitter”, as it absorbs the baby's attention and the parents may have some peace; it is an escape into a world that is different from the one the person lives in and that seems not very friendly, and sometimes even hostile to him; it supplies one with topics and subject-matter for his conversations with the family and at work; it supplies a variety of experiences; it is a means of learning something new. The effect of television on a family may be vast – from determining the family's timetable and shaping family interactions to defining what is good and what is evil. Television greatly contributes to decreasing the amount of time devoted to being together, to exchanging the news about experiences of the day, to talking about the family's achievements and plans for the future. Due to excessive TV watching by all or some members of the family their contacts become loose or do not take place at all. Living “with each other” changes into living “beside each other”. Because of watching too much television the family becomes less familiar and more a “television one”. Television, as well as other media, is an important means of education and socialisation. However, it is not right if the parents hand over their educating and socialising function to it. This phenomenon occurs the more often the less time the parents have, the more busy they are doing their work, and the lower the social status of the family is. The time spent by children in watching television is different depending on the stage of its development. According to polls, in Poland children spend 4-5 hours in front of the TV-set. It is the same amount of time they spend at school. TV-station owners know that children are perfect viewers and so they create special programmes for children. Most parents try to control their children watching television, however, it is rather the programme than the time they supervise. They try to have discussions and explain the programmes to their children, they help them to understand the information and educational programmes. The parents' presence and their discussion with the children cause that even the bad programmes, ones with violence, have a less negative effect on the children. Taking into consideration the fact that television becomes ever more international, that the television space becomes more and more globalised, and the culture propagated by television more and more non-national, excessive and uncritical watching television threatens the identity of the individual family and the Polish family understood in the general sense. Aiming at elimination, or at least lessening the negative effects of television on the family, the family itself, the education system, medial and family policies, broadcasting stations and non-government organisations should undertake a variety of actions. Television and family cannot be perceived as opposite factors but complementary ones. Legislature should go in this direction. Also this is the way heads of television stations, journalists and recipients of TV programmes themselves should see them.
5
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Stereotypy płci na polskim YouTube

72%
Iwanowska M., Bitowt J., Czarnowska S., Damaske M., Jurczyk P., Kraczek K.
Media Biznes Kultura
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2017
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issue 2(3)
127-135
EN
The aim of the study presented in this paper was an analysis of the content of two popular among Polish teenagers YouTube channels: AbstrachujeTV (the authors are men) and Szparagi (the authors are women). 46 episodes were content analysed. The analysis was conducted at an angle of performed stereotypes applied to women. Both channels contain short sketches which ‘ridicule’ the reality and use character stereotyping. Special attention was paid to explore the relationship between characteristic tendencies in presenting women in new media and stereotypes that function in our culture. The differences in presenting women by women-authors and by men-authors were also analysed.
PL
Celem prezentowanego w artykule badania była analiza treści na wybranych kanałach polskiego YouTube w aspekcie występujących w nich stereotypów dotyczących kobiet. Badaniu poddano 46 odcinków wideo na dwóch popularnych kanałach skierowanych głównie do młodych ludzi: AbstrachujeTV (prowadzonym przez mężczyzn) i Szparagi (prowadzonym przez kobiety). Oba kanały za pomocą krótkich skeczy „wyśmiewają” rzeczywistość, wykorzystując między innymi mechanizm stereotypizacji bohaterów. Szczególną uwagę skierowano na zbadanie relacji między tendencjami charakterystycznymi w przedstawianiu kobiet w nowych mediach a stereotypem „tradycyjnej kobiecości” funkcjonującym w naszej kulturze. Sprawdzono także różnice w przedstawianiu kobiet przez autorów – mężczyzn i autorki – kobiety.
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Wizerunek osób niepełnosprawnych w polskiej prasie opiniotwórczej na przykładzie tygodnika „Polityka” w latach 1997–2016

58%
Struck-Peregończyk M., Kurek-Ochmańska O.
Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej
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2018
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vol. 14
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issue 3
48-71
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the content of Polish opinion-forming weekly magazines (concentrating on the example of “Polityka”) in regard to disability and disabled people. The paper attempts to outline the image of disabled people created by this magazine. The main categories considered in the analysis were: social and professional roles of the portrayed disabled people; an attempt to catalogue the subject matter of the articles; language used to describe disability and disabled people and the reference of topics discussed to the current events and trends. The article also looks at general trends in the representation of disabled people in mass media and gives an overview of different theoretical approaches to explaining the role of the media in creating attitudes towards different social groups.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników przeprowadzonej analizy treści artykułów publikowanych na temat osób niepełnosprawnych i zjawiska niepełnosprawności w tygodnikach opiniotwórczych na przykładzie „Polityki”. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą nakreślenia wizerunku osób niepełnosprawnych kreowanego w owym tytule. Głównymi kategoriami wziętymi pod uwagę przy analizie były: role społeczne i zawodowe osób niepełnosprawnych będących bohaterami artykułów; próba skatalogowania tematyki; język, jakim opisywano zjawisko niepełnoprawności oraz odniesienie poruszanych wątków do aktualnych wydarzeń i trendów. W artykule przyjrzano się również ogólnym tendencjom w przedstawianiu osób niepełnosprawnych w mediach masowych oraz przybliżono różne podejścia teoretyczne w wyjaśnianiu roli mediów w kreowaniu postaw względem grup społecznych.
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Politika ulice, nebo politici v ulicích? Fenomén vůdců davu během pražských nepokojů roku 1897:

58%
Smrček D.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2020
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vol. 28
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issue 2
103-121
EN
The December riots of 1897 were the biggest in Prague since the 1848 revolution. As they went on, the press and politicians began wondering who was actually behind their outbreak. The notion spread among the population and the media of a deeper level of organisation of the demonstrations by members of the National Liberal Party. One of the accusations was that although they did not directly participate in the destruction, they provoked attacks on Germans and Jews with articles in the political press. They themselves did not do anything to calm the riots, although there were exceptions. The second form of the mob leader is more specific. It represents a better-dressed person, an agitator who leads people to attack and destroy, but who himself keeps his hands clean. The Young Czechs, however, refuted any guilt for causing the attacks and leading the mob.
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