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EN
This research is based on the discursive and logometric analysis of the French parliamentary political discourse. The purpose of the article is to note irony and sarcasm as forms of political argument in parliamentary discourse.
EN
This article examines the representational modes of the relationships in Andrea Camilleri’s Vigata community and, in particular, those presented in "Un filo di fumo". Our initial consideration is that only by combining a semantic perspective with a pragmatic one, the measurement of Sicilianisms and the evaluation of the quality of the Sicilian-Italian language can provide useful information. We need to analyse the relationship that exists between the extra-linguistic hints provided by the narrator and by the characters and the dialogues interspersed in the novel to realise that one needs to be wary of the literal sense of the text in order to fully grasp the significance of many statements. In other words, speakers make constant use of oblique strategies of communication, amongst which, this article argues, irony and sarcasm (in the current interpretation offered by the philosophy of language) emerge as prevailing. As irony is seldom presented as dislocated from an environmental, relational, and historical context, both the narrator and the characters are charged with the duty of providing indispensable information. The Sicilian-Vigatese world arising from some of Camilleri’s novels takes on a semiotic specificity, then, that can be deciphered only with adequate linguistic and cultural competence.
IT
L’articolo svolge alcune considerazioni intorno ai modi di rappresentazione delle relazioni all’interno della comunità vigatese nei romanzi di Andrea Camilleri e più in particolare in "Un filo di fumo". L’osservazione da cui partiamo è che la misurazione della quantità di sicilianismi e la valutazione della qualità della lingua siculo-italiana possa fornire dati utili solo se si combina la prospettiva semantica con quella pragmatica. Analizziamo perciò il rapporto che intercorre tra le indicazioni extralinguistiche fornite dal narratore e dai personaggi e i dialoghi disseminati nel romanzo per notare che per accedere al senso di molti enunciati occorre sospettare della lettera del testo. I parlanti fanno continuamente ricorso a strategie discorsive oblique, tra le quali l’ironia e il sarcasmo – per come vengono intesi nei più recenti studi di filosofia del linguaggio – risultano prevalenti. Per questa ragione – ovvero perché l’ironia non si dà quasi mai con un significante isolabile da un contesto ambientale, relazionale e storico – narratore e personaggi del romanzo hanno il compito di elargire al lettore informazioni indispensabili. Il mondo siciliano-vigatese che emerge da certi romanzi di Andrea Camilleri si caratterizza per una semiotica specifica, che può essere decifrata solo se si possiedono competenze linguistiche e culturali adeguate.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja sposobów generowania humoru w twórczości Sandry Schönthal na przykładzie wybranych fragmentów powieści Shades of Fifty opisującej dylematy kobiety w procesie starzenia się. Analizie poddane zostały takie środku stylistyczne jak m.in. ironia, autoironia, sarkazm budujące w powieści sytuacje komiczne.  
EN
The aim of the article is to present the ways of generating humour in Sandra Schönthal's works on the example of selected fragments of the novel Shades of Fifty describing the dilemmas of a woman in the process of ageing. The analysis covers such stylistic means as irony, self-irony, sarcasm, which create comic situations in the novel. 
DE
Ziel des Beitrags ist es, am Beispiel ausgewählter Fragmente des Romans Shades of Fifty, der die Dilemmata einer Frau im Prozess des Älterwerdens beschreibt, die Möglichkeiten der Erzeugung von Humor in Sandra Schönthals Werk darzustellen. Die Analyse umfasst Stilmittel wie Ironie, Selbstironie und Sarkasmus, die im Roman komische Situationen schaffen. 
EN
Marek Hendrykowski’s case study shows the original idea of The Salon Niezależnych’s performances, one of the most spectacular events of 1970s Polish student counter-culture.
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