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EN
In this article I describe contemporary processes of marking identity in the context of the phenomenon and concept of “lans”. The text consist of four parts. Part One, I describe changes that have taken place in recent centuries and their consequences for identity nowadays. In the second part I outline the characteristic of lans, paying attention to its potential in explanation sign-functions. Part Three contains the main conclusions of the semiological analysis of lans. In the final part I summarise the article.
EN
Photography – as a visual medium – becomes an important tool for self-expression and identity con-struction, which creates an opportunity to deepen the self-awareness of young people. The article presents the results of visual qualitative research with the participation of students of pedagogy. As part of the research project, the autophotography technique was used, consisting in the independent production of visual materials by research participants. The aim of the research was to learn about the possibilities that photography creates in terms of creating one's own image and to broaden the knowledge of whether it can become an element of building an attitude of reflectivity in the context of self-perception. The research part presents selected self-presentations of students in the form of photographic self-portraits. In the course of the analysis, certain categories of photo texts were also distinguished according to their characteristic features (reflective, mosaic, self-creative).
PL
Fotografia – jako medium wizualne – staje się ważnym narzędziem autoekspresji oraz konstruowania tożsamości, co stwarza okazję do pogłębiania samoświadomości młodych ludzi. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki wizualnych badań jakościowych z udziałem studentów pedagogiki. W ramach projektu badawczego zastosowano technikę autofotografii, polegającą na samodzielnym wytwarzaniu materiałów wizualnych przez uczestników badań. Celem badań było poznanie możliwości, jakie stwarza fotografia w zakresie kreowania własnego wizerunku oraz zgłębienie wiedzy na temat tego, czy może stać się elementem budowania postawy refleksyjności w kontekście postrzegania samego siebie. W części badawczej przedstawiono wybrane autoprezentacje studentów w postaci autoportretów fotograficznych. W toku analizy wyróżniono także określone kategorie fototekstów ze względu na charakteryzujące je cechy (refleksyjne, mozaikowe, autokreacyjne).
Bohemistyka
|
2017
|
issue 4
317-332
EN
The paper deals with the phenomenon of verbal aggression treated as a specific feature of communication in interpersonal exchanges and in mass media as well as in political discourse. The aggression in the socio-psychological sense is based in instinctive self-defense (or defense of one´s own territory); seen in the broader framework of social interaction, aggressive communication occurs in two forms: a/ as a hostile aggression which is impulsive, driven by anger and primarily aiming at harming the target; b/ as an instrumental aggression which is premeditated as a means of retaliation or obtaining some goal. Analyses of dialogues should demonstrate that the aggressive/openly offensive communication can be seen not just as a borderline case of impoliteness but, more accurately, as a parallel phenomenon, a communicative strategy which can use vulgarities but can dispense with them as well. An offensive and inconsiderate communicative strategy does not necessarily imply openly vulgar communication or the usage of derogatory language. On the other hand, using argumentative fallacies, i.e. arguments ad hominem rather than ad rem, may belong to the examples of inconsiderate and offensive communication strategies
CS
Předkládaný text je věnován problematice verbální agrese, a to zejména v mediálním politickém diskurzu. Agrese má v původním sociálně-psychologickém smyslu původ v instinktivní sebeobraně a v obraně vlastního teritoria, v širším rámci společenské interakce se pak projevuje ve dvou formách, a to jednak jako impulzivní reakce na starší či aktuální podnět, jednak jako komunikační nástroj záměrně užitý při dlouhodobém dosahování vlastních cílů. V předkládané analýze chceme dokázat, že verbální agresi nelze ztotožňovat s pragmalingvisticky chápanou kategorií nezdvořilosti. Jde o primárně útočnou komunikaci, která nemusí být nutně spojována s užitím hrubých či vulgárních výrazů, ale v níž se (a to zejména v prostředí politické komunikace) objevuje útok na tvář oponenta spojený např. s užitím falešných argumentačních strategií.
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