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EN
This paper will explore the way that the poetry of David Jones, while generally recognised as being modernist, nevertheless promotes a continuation of the Western literary tradition (as opposed to more revolutionary strands of modernism), but does this while introducing a self-conscious understanding of the role and workings of tradition, an element lacking in pre-modern traditional literature. Other figures with a similar interest in the viability of a self-consciously understood practice of (literary or philosophical) tradition, in continuity with pre-modern tradition, but in modern conditions (Thomas Mann, John Henry Newman, Alasdair MacIntyre), will also be discussed.
EN
The goal of the article is to show that in Chapter Four of Phenomenology of Spirit the aim is not to show the servant as the one who becomes independent of nature, but to show his escapism and its consequences. The main point of reference is the “master-slave” dialectic, with a heavy emphasis on Kojève’s interpretation. Apart from this one, the other important points of reference are the very beginning of Chapter Four, as well as Hegel’s understanding of skepticism. The article is organized in such a way that every part focuses on the analysis of at least one crucial quotation, each one constituting a Hegelian attempt to define freedom. It will show that Chapter Four provides us with only the beginning of long considerations on the question of freedom.
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Fantom ciała jako cielesna samoświadomość

70%
Avant
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2010
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vol. 1
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issue 1
225-246
XX
In the article, I propose that the body phantom is a phenomenal and functional model of one’s own body. This model has two aspects. On the one hand, it functions as a tacit sensory representation of the body that is at the same time related to the motor aspects of body functioning. On the other hand, it also has a phenomenal aspect as it constitutes the content of conscious bodily experience. This sort of tacit, functional and sensory model is related to the spatial parameters of the physical body. In the article, I postulate that this functional model or map is of crucial importance to the felt ownership parameters of the body (de Vignemont 2007), which are themselves considered as constituting the phenomenal aspect of the aforementioned model.
PL
The paper aims at presenting Paul Natorp’s views on consciousness discussed on historical and systematic plane. In the former case understanding of consciousness and self-consciousness is discussed in the context of Cohen’s views. In the latter the problem is conceived in the light of evolution of both  concepts in Natorp.
EN
This paper deals with validity conditions of admission to an act. We shall look at admission first as a speech act that has a certain gravity as a legal act. We reconstruct Searle’s success condi- tions for admission and supplement them with particular legal conditions in legal acts of admission and pleas. We focus on the preparatory conditions of admission and we show difficulties involved in fulfilling these conditions.
EN
Robert Pilałat’s book is an attempt to confront with the list of self-knowledge’s aporias and variations of possible developments of it. But the book does not promise that it will provide consistently carried out the remedy of these problems (anomalies). The author does not promote the definitive paradigm of self-knowledge and he does not try to convince us to a new phenomenological study of self-consciousness, which would be able to solve all the problem of reflective cogito.
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EN
The aim of the submitted study is to offer an overview of the selected methods for inducing and measuring self-focused attention. Self-focused attention is conceptualized by the authors as (1) a situational state – self-awareness, and (2) a personality trait – self-consciousness. In our study, we present typical methods for inducing self-awareness – the stimuli used for inciting of and experimental manipulation with situational self-focused attention, and methods for measuring dispositional self-consciousness and also situational self-awareness. We have divided the methods for measurement of the both types of self-focused attention into three groups: self-report questionnaires, linguistic analysis of self focus attention and so called indirect methods. We also mention psychometric qualities and advantages and disadvantages of particular methodics.
SK
Cieľom predkladanej štúdie je poskytnúť prehľad vybraných metód na indukovanie a meranie sebauvedomovania. Sebauvedomovanie je autormi konceptualizované jednak ako situačný stav – situačné sebauvedomovanie (self-awareness), ďalej ako osobnostná črta – dispozičné sebauvedomovanie (self-consciousness). V štúdii uvádzame typické metódy indukovania sebauvedomovania – podnety využívané na vyvolanie a experimentálnu manipuláciu so situačným sebauvedomovaním, a metódy na meranie dispozičného aj situačného sebauvedomovania. Metódy merania oboch typov sebauvedomovania sme rozdelili do troch skupín: sebavýpoveďové dotazníky, lingvistická analýza sebauvedomovania a tzv. nepriame metódy. V štúdii uvádzame psychometrické vlastnosti ako aj výhody a nevýhody jednotlivých metodík.
EN
The article presents Polish adaptation of the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ) designed by Paul D. Trapnell and Jennifer D. Campbell. It starts with theoretical background that refers to the distinction between ruminative and reflective types of private self-consciousness and presents psychometric properties of the Polish version of RRQ. Obtained results (N = 798) are similar to the results of studies conducted on the original version of RRQ which shows that the adapted version of RRQ is reliable and theoretically valid instrument and can be used in scientific research.
Avant
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2016
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vol. 7
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issue 3
EN
Internal sensations, especially organic ones, are not only the foundation of our consciousness of life and self but also an integral part of each feeling. This is probably the origin of the genuine affinity between feelings and consciousness of life and self, an affinity that manifests itself even in speech. Indeed, the ex- pression “sense of self” is more natural than saying “representing” or even “im- agining one’s self”. It is also easier and neater to talk in French about “sentiment du moi” than “representation du moi”; the expression “das Ichgefühl” is less grating than “die Ichvorstellung”, the latter being rather used to mean the con- ceived self as opposed to the self of which one is conscious all the time. The self is not a feeling, however, if only because there are no feelings that would be equally constant or, to be more precise, that would recur with equal constancy. Even so, we can say it is closer to emotive states than to any representation or mental image. [...]
11
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Cechy samoświadomości a nasilenie symptomów depresji

61%
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2010
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vol. 13
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issue 2
183-199
PL
Niniejszy artykuł zawiera empiryczną analizę relacji pomiędzy samoświadomością a depresją. Prezentuje on wyniki badań grupy nieklinicznej (N = 76) oraz klinicznej pacjentów z diagnozą epizodu depresyjnego (N = 15). W badaniach wykorzystano Skalę Samoświadomości (Zaborowski, 1989) oraz kwestionariusz Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (Radloff, 1977). Celem badań była odpowiedź na dwa pytania. Pierwsze dotyczyło możliwości wyodrębnienia specyficznych konfiguracji opartych na charakterystykach samoświadomości, drugie zaś odnosiło się do możliwości powiązania otrzymanych konfiguracji ze stopniem nasilenia symptomów depresji. Analiza klasyfikacyjna dała podstawy do wyodrębnienia w grupie nieklinicznej trzech skupień różniących się istotnie zarówno poziomem wszystkich form samoświadomości, jak i nasileniem symptomów depresji. Ponadto okazało się, że profil samoświadomości skupienia o najwyższym wskaźniku depresji jest zbieżny z profilem samoświadomości pacjentów depresyjnych.
EN
The issue of this article is to examine the relation between forms of self-consciousness and depression. It presents studies of a normal sample of 76 students and clinical sample of 15 patients with depression. Self-consciousness Scale (Zaborowski, 1989) has been used to assess forms of self-consciousness and Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (Radloff, 1977) has been used to measure depression. There are two main goals of the research: 1) distinction of typological groups of healthy controls in context of self-consciousness variables; 2) description of changes in intensity of depressive symptoms in relation to the types of self-consciousness structure differentiated. The cluster analysis has shown 3 types of self-consciousness structures which differ with respect to the all forms of self-consciousness as well as to the level of depressive symptoms. It has also turned out that the most depressive self-consciousness structure differentiated was similar to the one of patients suffering from depression.
EN
Dieter Henrich is one of the philosophers since the 1950s who conceived an independent philosophical approach. Applying the term “school” to the philosophers from Heidelberg is justified by the fact that several generations have been involved in the continuation of the group’s work since 1970. In the meantime, another generation has established itself, which calls itself the New Heidelbergs, whose members have been continuing and innovating what is called “Dieter Henrich’s original insight.” In this article, first, Henrich’s insight is characterized in a way which justifies the use of the term Heidelberg School. Second, a treatment of Henrich’s research programme at the beginning of the 1970s would be too one-sided. Third, it is argued that the epistemological interest in dealing with this school is not of a historical nature. Finally, an outlook on the progress of Henrich’s enduring insight is given. Without the “continuation by innovation” of the school and “Henrich’s original insight,” the research programme of the New Heidelbergs cannot be adequately grasped.
Avant
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2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 3
EN
Internal sensations, especially organic ones, are not only the foundation of our consciousness of life and self but also an integral part of each feeling. This is probably the origin of the genuine affinity between feelings and consciousness of life and self, an affinity that manifests itself even in speech. Indeed, the ex- pression “sense of self” is more natural than saying “representing” or even “im- agining one’s self”. It is also easier and neater to talk in French about “sentiment du moi” than “representation du moi”; the expression “das Ichgefühl” is less grating than “die Ichvorstellung”, the latter being rather used to mean the con- ceived self as opposed to the self of which one is conscious all the time. The self is not a feeling, however, if only because there are no feelings that would be equally constant or, to be more precise, that would recur with equal constancy. Even so, we can say it is closer to emotive states than to any representation or mental image. [...]
EN
The aim of the research is to define individual psychological traits of adolescents that influence the formation of their self-perception. An empirical study was conducted on the basis of general education schools, boarding schools for the hearing impaired students and orphanages of the Kharkiv region (Ukraine). The study included 86 children. In accordance with this aim empirical methods were applied: Self-perception profile for adolescents (SPPA), Freiburg Multifactorial Personality Questionnaire (FPI), An Adolescent’s Character Traits Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. It has been found that self-perception of general education school students is determined by depressiveness, shyness, extroversion, and stuck type of accentuation; in adolescents with hearing impairments - friendliness, reactive aggressiveness, extroversion, emotive and anxiety types of accentuation; in orphans - pedantic and dysthymic types of character accentuation.
EN
SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVE: The aim of the consideration was an attempt to perform in-depth analysis concerning woman experiences, occurring on the background of her life trajectory as well as depicture of her microcosm, emphasizing the processes of auto-identification and auto-valorization in the straggle with pressure of everyday life by the recognition and the reconstruction of this processes, the need to understand effort in biographical constructing of studied woman identity and to indicate the daily potential as well as sensitization to diversity of femininity experiences PROBLEM AND RESEARCH METHODS: How is subject building everyday life and what importance she gives to its symptoms ? to what extent can individual decide about oneself and to what extent others determine who she was, who she is, who she will be, what existential trajectories is narrator presenting ? What importance does suffering trajectory have in the course of biography ?   Methods: biographical , narrative interview DEDUCTION PROCESS: Analysis of woman’s trajectory experiences in the situation of marriage, in the context distinguished by her during construction of narrative, three areas of her life. Subsequently  a scenario of trajectory process has been presented, pointing the course of a life and importance of persons’ competence involved in it, in the perspective of the studied individual  FINDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS: Analysis of narration indicates complex sources of someone’ suffering, who feels unacceptable, subordinated to an idea of marital “Neverland”, who does not have resources to accept herself in the role, who does not have time for a transformation and the need for the reflective inclusion, allowing assistance individuals, who are on the borderline, between and outside CONCLUSIONS, NOVELITY, RECOMMENDATIONS: Presented struggle with   everyday life’s pressure, in narrative is an attempt of making an area for a discourse that enable understanding and interpersonal agreement, the discourse allowing cultural rearrangement
PL
CEL NAUKOWY: Celem rozważań uczyniono próbę dokonania pogłębionej analizy doświadczeń kobiety, przebiegających na tle trajektorii jej życia, jak również opisania jej mikroświata, zaakcen‑ towania procesów autoidentyfikacji i autowaloryzacji w walce z presją codzienności poprzez ich poznanie i rekonstrukcję, potrzebę (z)rozumienia wysiłku biograficznego konstruowania tożsamo‑ ści badanej oraz wskazania potencjału codziennego, jak też uwrażliwienie na różnorodność do‑ świadczeń kobiecości. PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Poszukiwano odpowiedzi na pytania: Jak konstytuuje się podmiot? Jak konstruuje codzienność i jakie nadaje znaczenia jej przejawom? Na ile jednostka może decydować o sobie, a na ile inni określają, kim była, kim jest, kim będzie? Jakie trajektorie egzystencjalne przedstawia narratorka? Jakie znaczenie ma trajektoria cierpienia dla przebiegu biografii? Zastosowano metodę biograficzną i wywiad narracyjny. PROCES WYWODU: Przedstawiona została analiza trajektoryjnych doświadczeń kobiety w sytuacji małżeństwa, w kontekście wyodrębnionych przez nią w czasie konstruowania narracji trzech przestrzeni jej życia. Następnie zaprezentowany został scenariusz przebiegu trajektorii, wskazujący przebieg życia i znaczenie kompetencyjności osób w nie zaangażowanych z perspektywy badanej. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Analiza narracji wskazuje złożone źródła cierpienia kogoś, kto czuje się nieakceptowany, podporządkowany idei nibylandii małżeńskiej, kto nie ma zasobów do zaakceptowania siebie w roli, kto nie ma już czasu na przemianę oraz potrzebę refleksyjnej inklu‑ zji, umożliwiającej pomoc tym, którzy są na pograniczu, pomiędzy i poza. WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Zaprezentowana w tekście walka z presją codzien‑ ności w narracji jest próbą tworzenia przestrzeni do dyskursu umożliwiającego rozumienie i poro‑ zumienie międzyludzkie, kulturową zmianę. Proces autoidentyfikacji i autowaloryzacji zanurzony w kulturze życia rodzinnego uwrażliwia na problemy i emocje, jakich może doświadczać współczes‑ ny człowiek, i umożliwia przyjrzenie się życiu z własnej bądź obcej perspektywy, co z kolei może stanowić warunek zrozumienia zastanego mikroświata.
EN
The article considers why it is not worth committing suicide, despite the negative character of human existence. According to Cioran, man’s greatest curse is his self-consciousness, which frequently reminds him of the transitory character of everything and of death, making life unbearable. The best solution would be not to have been born, but if that misfortune should fall upon someone, the solution is to die as soon as possible. Should someone live longer, the best solution is to think how to bear life and to defeat and silence the fear of death. What makes life more bearable is the ability to commit suicide. This gives man a power greater than that of God because one can reject the world and one’ own birth, thus becoming master of one’s own existence. Although death seems to be the only reasonable solution, Cioran does not take his own life away. He chooses the temptation to exist, to live an authentic and full life, and he even offers something resembling wisdom following defeat.
PL
W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano rozważania dotyczące procesów społecznej konstrukcji emocji wstydu. Szczególną uwagę autorka poświęciła cielesnemu wymiarowi doświadczenia tej emocji. Podjęła próbę ustalenia związków wstydu z twarzą, ciałem i płcią. Wstyd określono mianem emocji twarzy, przy czym pojęcie to potraktowane zostało zarówno w sposób dosłowny, jak i metaforyczny. Ustalenie społecznych źródeł wstydu oraz wyłaniania się samoświadomości jako elementu właściwego dla tej emocji umożliwiło wyjaśnienie związków wstydu z płcią. Na podstawie rozważań teoretycznych i przytoczonych wyników badań empirycznych autorka wyciąga wniosek o większej podat-ność kobiet niż mężczyzn na doświadczenie wstydu, co łączy z pojawieniem się świadomości własnego ciała oraz procesem samouprzedmiotowienia.
EN
This paper presents considerations referring to processes of how shame is constructed socially. Particular attention has been paid to the corporal dimension of the experience of shame. The author has attempted to determine the relationship between the emotion of shame and face, body and sex roles. Shame has been described as the emotion of the face – the notion of “face” is understood metaphorically, as well as literally. Both the social nature of shame and its connection to self-consciousness made it possible to explain the connections between the feeling of shame and sex roles. On the basis of empirical analysis and theoretical considerations, the author concludes that women are more prone to experience shame than men. It is because of the role that the awareness of their own bodies, connected with the process of self-objectification, plays in how women experience these emotions.
EN
The article author attempted to determine the role of humanitarian higher education in formation of political culture of the modern youth; in particular, he analyzed its condition and ways of formation.
PL
Autor artykułu podjął próbę określenia humanistycznej roli szkolnictwa wyższego w kształtowaniu kultury politycznej współczesnej młodzieŜy, w szczególności przeanalizowano jej stan i sposób tworzenia się.
19
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Refleksyjna samoświadomość i działanie osoby

51%
EN
A human being is a person who experiences himself and acts as a person, therefore, he/she is conscious of him-/herself and that he/she acts consciously and responsibly. He/she is the maker of his/her actions and also has the ability to manage his/her actions, which shows his/her subjectivity and this is related to the structure of the person. The aim of the article is to present and analyse the meaning and role of consciousness and self-consciousness in human psychosocial functioning and activity in the perspective of reflectivity. This problem is very complex and difficult to explain and describe clearly. Therefore, in the theoretical terms, I will display only selected aspects. First of all, I will present the concept and the essence of consciousness and self-consciousness of a person, paying attention to the typologisation and reflective form. Then, I will discuss one of the components of self-consciousness, which is the reflection, and show reflexivity as the core of postmodern human activity. In the pedagogical aspect, I will pay particular attention to shaping the need for reflectivity in the process of self-upbringing and discuss the selected techniques of work on own reflectiveness.
PL
Człowiek jest osobą, która doświadcza siebie i działa jako osoba, jest zatem świadomy siebie, oraz tego, iż świadomie i odpowiedzialnie działa. Jest sprawcą swoich czynów i ma również możliwość kierowania swoim postępowaniem, co ukazuje jego podmiotowość i związane jest ze strukturą osoby. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i analiza znaczenia oraz roli świadomości i samoświadomości w psychospołecznym funkcjonowaniu i działaniu człowieka w perspektywie refleksyjności. Problem ten należy do zagadnień bardzo złożonych i trudnych do wyjaśnienia i jednoznacznego opisania. W związku z tym, w ujęciu teoretycznym omówię tylko wybrane aspekty. W pierwszej kolejności przedstawię pojęcie i istotę świadomości oraz samoświadomości osoby ze zwróceniem uwagi na typologizację i formę refleksyjną. Następnie omówię jeden z komponentów samoświadomości, jakim jest refleksja oraz ukażę refleksyjność jako istotę działania człowieka ponowoczesnego. W aspekcie pedagogicznym szczególnie zwrócę uwagę na kształtowanie potrzeby refleksyjności w procesie samowychowania i omówię wybrane techniki pracy nad własną refleksyjnością.
EN
The civilizational changes experienced by everyone along with the pandemic, which prevents open relations with the world and other people, on the one hand, demobilizes and induces states of apprehension and apathy, and on the other, the pursuit of new solutions and ways of coping. The challenge a child or a young person faces is unimaginably more complex than that faced by an adult. In a lock-down situation, the possibility of establishing contact or building relations with the world is very often reduced to a minimum. Therefore, the author’s version of “ Relaxation in Relationship” is a proposal of active and creative relaxation, when a parent, teacher, or therapist enters into a relaxation dialogue with the child about what is essential for the child at a given moment. Not being able to predict the child’s response fully, the facilitator should be prepared to remain in an open relationship and maintain it for the duration of the session. In this kind of work, it is suggested that during the “relaxation in the relationship,” compared to the traditional relaxation session, a more complex way of intervening is used, where not only verbal instructions are used, but also movement, touch, and sharing of emotions, thoughts, and imagination.
PL
Doświadczane przez wszystkich zmiany cywilizacyjne związane również z pandemią, która uniemożliwia otwarte relacje ze światem oraz innymi osobami, z jednej strony demobilizuje oraz wywołuje stany zatrzymania i apatii, a z drugiej, poszukiwania nowych rozwiązań oraz sposobów radzenia sobie. Wyzwanie, przed którym stoi dziecko czy młody człowiek jest niewyobrażalnie trudniejsze od tego, które dotyka osobę dorosłą. W sytuacji lock-downu bardzo często pozostaje do minimum ograniczona możliwość nawiązywania kontaktu czy budowania relacji ze światem. Dlatego zaprezentowana autorska wersja „Relaksacji w relacji” jest propozycją relaksacji aktywnej i kreatywnej, kiedy rodzic, nauczyciel czy terapeuta podejmuje relaksacyjny dialog z dzieckiem dotyczący tego, co dla dziecka jest, w danej chwili, ważne. Nie mogąc do końca przewidzieć reakcji dziecka, prowadzący powinien być przygotowany na pozostawanie w otwartej relacji i ją utrzymać przez czas sesji. W tego rodzaju pracy sugeruje się, aby podczas „relaksacji w relacji” (w porównaniu do tradycyjnej sesji relaksacyjnej) ingerować w sposób bardziej kompleksowy, gdzie stosowane są nie tylko werbalne instrukcje, ale też ruch, dotyk czy dzielenie się emocjami, myślami czy wyobrażeniami.
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