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EN
Karol Wojtyla (1920–2005), later to become Pope John Paul II (since 1978), was one of the greatest contemporary thinkers. He was a Christian philosopher and Catholic theologian. His thought exerted an in! uence on diverse generations and representatives of many cultures, religions and nations. He was an authority not only for Catholics but also for many infidels and even atheists. He often made controversies because of His firm opinions. He was an aim of liberal as well as conservative critique. The liberals criticized Him due to His uncompromising and conservative attitude to female priesthood, homosexuality, contraception and abortion. The conservatives accused Him of apologizing and conciliatory tone of His voice in relationships with other religions, especially with Jews and Muslims. Because these parts of His thought became most controversial, they were and usually are commented on and analysed by world mass media. But few people found Him a leading contemporary theoretician of civilization despite the fact that He constructed a coherent theory of civilization that is unfortunately distracted in His numerous papers. And my article is dedicated to this theory. I would like to present the core of His civilization’s conception.
EN
The paper analyses political parties’ programmes. Special attention is paid to these elements of their programme, which are strictly connected with social work and social policy. Social problems with different density are presented in the programmes of all political parties. An important task in the after voting period is the realization of political parties’ electoral promises in social matters, including different political and economic considerations.
EN
The subject of this text is a particular type of an engaged theatre, which the author defines as the theatre of immediate intervention. Referring to opinions of theoreticians, but also critics and theatrical artists, she makes an attempt at establishing its definition. She discusses two most important determinants of this model of theatre: the formula of being up-to-date and the principle of “fast reaction” to current social problems.
PL
W artykule tym przedstawione zostały najistotniejsze problemy wykorzystania technologii informacyjnej w życiu człowieka, jej wpływ na rozwój obecnych narzędzi pracy oraz powstanie nowoczesnych pomocy dydaktycznych. Głównym celem rozwaŜań są problemy społeczne, z jakimi spotyka się użytkownik w procesie komunikacji interpersonalnej oraz w procesie dydaktycznym
XX
This article will present the most important problems of information technology in human life, its influence on the evolution of existing work tools and the creation of modern teaching aids. The main objective consideration will be problem facing the user in the process of interpersonal communication in the teaching process.
EN
The article presents specific aspects of probation officer's work against the background of social problems he encounters. The research on which the article is based was conducted during three-year service in one of probation officer's office in Warsaw. For the sake of the research, the autoethnographic method, characteristic for qualitative and field tests, was used. The author of the text raises the topics of social problems by the example of families under her supervision, where the wards struggle with violence, negligence, difficulties around the divorce, in the background of which conflicts, stimulants or addictions are clearly visible. The aim of the publication is to present the specifics of the work of a probation officer, which is often mistakenly associated with the stigmatization of dysfunctional environments, as well as showing still valid and often marginalized social problems, which despite the increasing living standard of society and the quality of life of Varsovians, are a daily routine for probationers.
EN
Gerontological social work becomes more and more autonomous field of social work and its specificity is connected with the profile of service receivers. Elderly are the social group, who compared to other socially weak groups, have a higher level of capabilities – financial, personal, life-span, relations. They also have various needs and huge diversification inside of this age group. They are a very challenging group in the social care system because of tension between higher resources and increasing need of support. The aim of the article is to show how the gerontological social work can be described in the wide context of social work theory. There is also an attempt to define and to show the distinctness of gerontological social work as the tool of acting. The perspective of description is more theoretical than formal.
EN
Due to the emergence of new social problems resulting from weakening pro-integration moods regarding culturally, ethnically, or religiously diverse societies, the Acting in Context by Training the Trainers in Social Empowerment (ACTTE) project was prepared and implemented. The Polish National Agency of Academic Exchange (NAWA) financed the project as part of the International Academic Partnerships program. The project goals were: 1) shaping competencies/skills in the field of DPA (Developing the Power to Act) in organized training participants (NGO employees and academic teachers), 2) developing tools for intervention work based on the concept of Empowerment. Within the training, the research was carried out based on the action research methodology and the use of scaling and uncategorized interview. The article presents the excerpt of the research, which was aimed at determining the changes in the competencies related to the use of the DPA approach in the project’s participants, as well as their subjective understanding of the DPA. The presented research results show the legitimacy of the project implementation by partner institutions, which are universities and non-governmental organizations. The competences and skills acquired by the project participants can be used in academic and environmental work.
8
Content available remote

Social Dimension of the Russian Armed Forces Reform

88%
EN
At the beginning of the 1990s the political and military global reality was radically transformed. It affected all spheres of socio-political life and was visible also in the armed forces. At the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century, the Russian armed forces were still one of the most troubling military mechanisms in the world. In 2007 the Minister of Defense Anatoly Serdyukov decided to implement a broad military reform, which included (besides organizational issues and modernization of military equipment) also social issues. The aim of this article is to analyze the second stage of the armed forces reform in Russia (2010–2015) that entailed improvement of material status and livelihood of soldiers. The main research method used in this article was content analysis. A particularly important source was the study conducted by Irina Surkowa and articles published in Russian newspapers. The analysis showed that the reforms initiated by Serdyukov considerably improved the living conditions of the soldiers.
Acta Politica Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 37
|
issue 3
103-115
EN
The aim of the article is to discuss the principles of social policy Commune City of Szczecin. On the basis of a strategic document which is the Strategy for Solving Social Problems for the Municipality of the City of Szczecin in the years 2015-2020 shows that the social problems arising from the diagnosis of social problems, the entities responsible for the implementation of social policy in Szczecin and objectives set out in the Strategy placed to realize institutions and local entities social policies to achieve the expected results.
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie założeń polityki społecznej Gminy Miasto Szczecin. W oparciu o dokument strategiczny jakim jest Strategia Rozwiązywania Problemów Społecznych dla Gminy Miasto Szczecin na lata 2015-2020 wskazuje jakie problemy społeczne wynikają z diagnozy problemów społecznych, podmioty odpowiedzialne za realizację polityki społecznej w Szczecinie oraz cele określone w Strategii stawiane do realizacji instytucjom i podmiotom lokalnej polityki społecznej dla osiągnięcia zakładanych rezultatów.
EN
Social problems are defined, inter alia, through social resonance arousing in society or being identified by charismatic individuals. In the 80s of the twentieth century, such an individual was Rev. Jerzy Popieluszko. His sermons arouse awareness of the existence of certain problems which should have been faced by the government. Some of those problems were related to families. They fall into three categories: violation of ethical principles, political and economic problems, and social problems. The text analyzes Jerzy Popieluszko’s speeches, emphasising the problems of families and being categorised by him as: breaking the axiological system. Those problems stemmed from the disrespect for human dignity, injustice, lack of freedom and hypocrisy.
PL
Problemy społeczne są definiowane między innymi poprzez rezonans społeczny, jaki wzbudzają w społeczeństwie, lub też wskazanie ich przez charyzmatyczne jednostki. W latach 80. XX wieku taką jednostką był ks. Jerzy Popiełuszko. Jego kazania uświadamiały istnienie określonych problemów, z którymi winna zmierzyć się ówczesna władza. Część tych problemów dotyczyła rodzin. Można je podzielić na trzy kategorie: łamanie zasad etycznych, problemy polityczno-gospodarcze, problemy społeczne. W tekście dokonano analizy przemówień Jerzego Popiełuszki, wskazując problemy, które wyróżniał w kategorii: łamanie systemu aksjologicznego. Problemy te wynikały z nieposzanowania godności osoby ludzkiej, niesprawiedliwości, braku wolności i zakłamania.
EN
The article presents an analysis of selected county social problem-solving strategies and county programs of activities for people with disabilities. The subject of the study was to assess the extent, based on these documents it is possible to carry out effective measures aimed at social integration of people with disabilities.
PL
Analiza przestrzenna danych społecznych wymaga niejednokrotnie odfiltrowania wpływu nierealnych, odstających danych. Celem pracy jest omówienie podstaw teoretycznych bardzo efektywnej, a mało znanej metody do tego służącej ‒ krigingu Poissona. Ilustrację praktyczną jej zalet przedstawiono na przykładzie identyfikacji obszarów występowania różnych kategorii problemów społecznych na obszarze Poznania.
EN
Planning of social policy it is complicated and multidimensional issue, especially in complex urban structures characteristic for big cities. However econometric indicators of spatial dependence provide us some information about spatial autocorrelation, their do not show the differences in local variability. Geostatistics is an answer for this challenge. This method is not only helpful in more accurate determination of the most important problems but it also enables identification of their location, scale and possible reasons. This paper presents possibilities given by Poisson Kriging for analysis of social problems in urban space. Its was applied in Poznań for identification of neighbourhoods or local communities (related to the basic administrative units called „osiedla”) in which concentration of people needing social help is bigger than population distribution might it suggest. The data used in the analysis was taken from urban centre helping families in difficult social situation (MOPR). They concerns people who received financial support in 2008. The basic information taken into account was their place of residence and the reason for which they received financial aid. MOPR distinguish 13 categories of social problems needing support, including poverty, chronic diseases, alcoholism and domestic violence. 9 473 persons received financial aid in the analysed period of time. Taking into account their families it give us at least 18 264 people struggling with social problems – 3,3% of the city population (545 000 inhabitants). In order to receive comparable measure of issues analysed in urban space, the number of people needing social support must be compared with the population distribution. Thus, information about place of residence of people who receives financial aid was aggregated to bigger areas – 731 regular polygons for which the number of city inhabitants was know. Side length of single polygon was 500 meters. In each polygon data needed also to be age-adjusted. It is very sophisticated task, therefore special script dedicated for ArcGIS was created. The age-adjusted data aggregated in the polygons were bases for main spatial analysis. Application of Poisson Kriging resulted in more precise identification of areas affected by the major social problems in Poznań. Presence of autocorrelation was noticeable in case of majority of analysed social problems. The most common ranges of autocorrelation were 1‒1,2 km (which is similar to the spatial range of single local communities) and 6–6,5 km (the range of single neighbourhoods). Analysis showed that there are some neighbourhoods in Poznań where occurrence of social problems is significantly higher than mean occurrence for the whole city. Presented method enabled smoothing of unreliable, extremely high relative risks values but without loss of the local variability.
EN
This paper presents economic and sociological determinants of the shadow economy in the small and micro-sized enterprise sector in Poland, based on empirical research. Special attention is paid to social embeddedness of this phenomenon. It is indicated that the shadow economy generates specific social problems, whole also solving some of them. The article concludes with some socio-economics policy suggestions.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje ekonomiczne i socjologiczne uwarunkowania funkcjonowania szarej strefy w sektorze mikro- i małych przedsiębiorstw w Polsce na podstawie badań empirycznych. Podkreślone jest tu społeczne zakorzenienie tego fenomenu. Wskazuje się, że szara strefa tworzy określone problemy społeczne, ale niektóre również rozwiązuje. Artykuł kończą sugestie pod adresem polityki społeczno-ekonomicznej.
15
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SOCIAL ISSUES AND THEIR SOLVING IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD

75%
EN
The article discusses the lineage of the Polish social policy between 1918 and 1939. The historical context of the Polish state’s social activity was presented. The text discusses the social rights of citizens in the first Constitution of 1921 and major scientific schools, which were engaged in social policy from the point of view of the socialist, liberal, and catholic values. The author presented the social state’s actions and discussed the precursors of social science.
PL
Celem artykułu jest próba poddania pod dyskusję pytania, czy możemy mówić, że istnieje coś takiego jak lokalna polityka społeczna. Przedstawione rozważania oparte zostały na analizie wyników badań, które objęły gminnych decydentów (szeroko rozumianych) odpowiedzialnych za obszar polityki społecznej. Skupiono się na takich kwestiach jak definiowanie lokalnej polityki społecznej, formułowanie celów i sposobów działania, roli i zadań lokalnego samorządu, a także na rozpoznaniu opinii, wiedzy, postaw i przekonań respondentów dotyczących samorządu, polityki społecznej, problemów społecznych oraz ich uwarunkowań.
EN
This article discusses whether something called “local policy” exists, or maybe this is only an administration within individual departments. A research conducted in small boroughs of Silesia voivodship rather suggest the latter. The discussion is based on an analysis of research conducted with boroughs’ social policy makers. It is focused on issues like the definition of local social policy, its goals and tools; the role and tasks of a local government; diagnosis of opinions, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of respondents towards local governments, social policy, social problems and their background.
PL
W krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej najważniejsze problemy społeczne występują częściej w społeczeństwach o większych nierównościach dochodowych. Obserwowane w obu grupach porównywanych społeczeństw zależności są silne. Różnice między społeczeństwami bardziej i mniej równymi są duże – w tych bardziej nierównych poszczególne negatywne zjawiska występują 3–4 razy częściej (wskaźnik pryzonizacji; odsetek młodzieży, która porzuca szkołę). Jednym z wniosków wynikających z treści rozdziałów jest to, że pewne kraje pod niemal każdym względem wypadają dobrze, podczas gdy inne – fatalnie. Nadmierne nierówności czynią kraj dysfunkcjonalnym w wielu wymiarach. W porównaniu międzynarodowym na zdrowym krańcu rozkładu znajdujemy Szwecję, Finlandię i Słowenię. Na przeciwnym krańcu, na którym problemy społeczne występują w wysokim nasileniu, sytuują się kraje Europy Południowej: Portugalia, Hiszpania, Włochy. Mimo bogactwa Wielka Brytania, podobnie jak o połowę mniej zamożna Bułgaria, zmaga się z tym samym nasileniem problemów społecznych. W bardziej nierównych społeczeństwach przemoc jest bardziej powszechna z powodu braku wzajemnego szacunku. Kraje skandynawskie stanowią wzór do naśladowania dla pozostałych społeczności, jak i decydentów, w zakresie sposobów na większą równość.
EN
In EU Member States the differences in the performance of more and less equal countries are very large. Rather than things being just a bit worse in more unequal countries, they are very much worse. More unequal countries (Spain, Portugal, Italy) have three times the rates of imprisonment. Their share of early leavers from education and training is nearly four times higher than in Sweden, Finland and Slovenia. The bigger the income differences between the rich and poor in a coun-try, the worse it does. The relationship could not have been clearer: the greater the inequality the more socially dysfunctional societies become – regardless of their overall economic performance. Whether a country is as rich as the United Kingdom or, like Bulgaria, only half as wealthy, seems to have no bearing on levels of social problems. The reason why violence is more common in more unequal societies is because high levels of inequality make status even more important, and the most common trigger to violence is disrespect. Scandinavian countries enjoy fewer social problems. Societies, politicians and policy makers can follow their pathways to lower inequality. Our future quality of life depends upon it.
PL
Konstruktywizm to najbardziej dynamicznie rozwijająca się koncepcja w socjologii problemów społecznych . Projekty badawcze oparte na tym paradygmacie, zwłaszcza te poświęcone korupcji, dostarczają cennych informacji i umożliwiają formułowanie wniosków na temat natury tego zjawiska, co byłoby trudne do osiągnięcia na podstawie innych teoretycznych tradycji . Głównym celem tego artykułu jest pokazanie, w jaki sposób konstruktywistyczne podejście może być zastosowane, aby lepiej zrozumieć naturę współczesnej korupcji i dlaczego jedno z najbardziej popularnych rozwiązań w dzisiejszych czasach, agencje antykorupcyjne (ACAS), tak często zawodzą. Według autora jeden z najważniejszych powodów, dlaczego ACAS nie są skuteczne, jest silnie związany z tym jak problem społeczny korupcji jest skonstruowany
EN
Constructivism is the most dynamically evolving concept in the sociology of social problems. The research projects based on this paradigm, especially those dedicated to corruption, provide valuable insights and opportunities to formulate conclusions on the nature of this phenomenon, which would be difficult to derive from other theoretical traditions. The main purpose of this paper is to show how a constructivist approach might be used to better understand the nature of modern corruption, and why one of the most popular solutions nowadays, anti-corruption agencies (ACAs), so often fail. The author’s main argument is that one of the most important reasons why the ACAs fail is strongly related to how a social problem of corruption is constructed.
EN
The article attempts to review the knowledge about research conducted since 1990 on social work, in social work as well as for social work. It showed that the definition of areas of social work by social policy generally coincided with the fields of research activity of theoreticians and practitioners, seeking answers on the determinants of many social problems. The main aim of the article was to show the changes that have occurred in the perception of the importance of social work in practice and in research. The second goal was to show the state of knowledge on old and new areas of social work, taking into account the methodological approaches and types of research carried out. The last part of the article indicates which areas may be the subject of social work practice due to the emergence of new social issues, the existence of which has been revealed by the latest research.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę przeglądu wiedzy na temat badań prowadzonych od 1990 r. nad pracą socjalną i w pracy socjalnej, a także dla pracy socjalnej. Wykazano w nim, że definiowanie obszarów pracy socjalnej przez politykę społeczną na ogół pokrywało się z polami aktywności badawczej teoretyków i praktyków, poszukujących odpowiedzi na temat uwarunkowań wielu problemów społecznych. Głównym celem artykułu było ukazanie zmian, jakie nastąpiły w postrzeganiu rangi obszarów pracy socjalnej w praktyce oraz w badaniach. Drugim celem było pokazanie stanu wiedzy nad starymi i nowymi obszarami pracy socjalnej, z uwzględnieniem stosowanych podejść metodologicznych oraz typów prowadzonych badań. W ostatniej części artykułu wskazano, jakie obszary mogą stanowić przedmiot praktyki pracy socjalnej ze względu na pojawienie się nowych dolegliwości społecznych, których istnienie ujawniły najnowsze badania.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie najważniejszych wyzwań, postawionych przed gminą jako instytucją – jednostką administracyjną - samorządu terytorialnego, dotyczących organizacji systemu pomocy społecznej i zapewnienia obywatelom bezpieczeństwa społecznego. W tekście wyszczególniono aktualne problemy społeczne, którym przeciwdziałanie mieści się w zakresie kompetencji gminy oraz wymieniono zadania nałożone przez Ustawodawcę.
EN
The article aims to identify the main challenges for the municipality as an institution of local government – an administrative unit, in terms of organizing the social assistance system and providing its citizens with social security. The text lists current social problems, the prevention of which is within the competences of municipalities and lists the tasks imposed on it by the Legislator.
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