Search results

1

The Hierarchical System of Speech Acts

100%

Kiklewicz A.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2011

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vol. 53

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issue 1

65-81

EN

The author discusses the problem of speech acts classification on the basis of the pragmatic function. The relevant elements of context, on the example control of the announcement directly to target addressee or to third parties, are also taken into account. The classification of speech acts proposed by the author has a dichotomous as well as a hierarchical character. The author distinguishes and describes the following types of speech acts: inventional vs. conventional; communicative vs. uncommunicative; polite vs. customary; representative vs. performative; expositive vs. verdictive; causative vs. deliberative; descriptive vs. declarative; directive vs. commissive; initiative vs. reactive; extentional vs. intentional; appellative vs. creative; cooperative vs. magic.

2

La expresión verbal de las emociones negativas: el caso del insulto

80%

Lisowska M.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2010

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vol. 37

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issue 2

3-13

EN

An insult is one of the cases of verbal aggression and undoubtedly it is an everyday life phenomenon. Insulting is a display of direct aggression which arises from anger and aims at the effect on the recipient’s mind. The act of abuse on the other hand, is conditioned by multiple factors. Its success depends, for example, on the knowledge of culture to which the recipient of an insult belongs. Despite the fact that an insult is a cultural phenomenon, i.e. dependent on a particular culture, the mechanism of abuse itself is identical in the entire world. Generally, it is possible to determine a list of universal human disabilities which are subject to insults as well as a universal list of topic areas of insulting expressions.

3

Gabriele Sommer and Clarissa Vierke (eds.), Speech Acts and Speech Events in African Languages (Topics in Interdisciplinary African Studies, Volume 23). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2011, 170 pp.

80%

Will I.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

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2013

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issue 47

120-125

EN

A review of a book by Gabriele Sommer and Clarissa Vierke (eds.) "Speech Acts and Speech Events in African Languages".

4

On Pragmatics, Exercitive Speech Acts and Pornography

80%

McGowan M.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2009

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vol. 5

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issue 1

133-155

EN

Suppose that a suspect being questioned by the police says, "I think I'd better talk to a lawyer." Whether that suspect has invoked her right to an attorney depends on which particular speech act(s) her utterance is. If she is merely thinking aloud about what she ought to do, then she has not invoked that right. If, on the other hand, she has thereby requested a lawyer, she has. Similarly, suppose that an unhappily married man says "I want my wife dead." Whether he has thereby solicited his wife's murder depends on which particular speech act(s) his utterance is. If he is merely describing his desires, he has committed no crime. If, by contrast, he has thereby hired an assassin, he has. As one can see, experts on speech acts (e.g. philosophers, linguists, psychologists and sociologists) have a lot to say about various issues in the law.I believe that expertise in speech act theory also illuminates various issues regarding free speech. In what follows, we consider how speech act theory may apply to certain arguments regarding the free speech status of pornography. In particular, we consider several speech act accounts of MacKinnon's claim that pornography subordinates women, but, before turning to such accounts, some background is offered.

5

Struktura morfologiczna słowa a jego funkcja interakcyjna

80%

Habrajska G.

Język a Kultura

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2015

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vol. 25

295-303

EN

The author, taking the assumptions of communicative grammar, shows the relationship of the morphological structure of a word and its persuasive function. Habrajska studies many examples of derivatives, which introduce an emotive and evaluative element to speech. In addition to affixes of native origin, the article presents popular prefixes in contemporary Polish as super-, arcy-, ekstra- that bring high positive evaluation. The analysis presented in the article also refers to the conditional and imperative forms which can introduce to the utterance various speech acts, such as a request (odwiedzilibyście babcię — Would you visit grandmother), and different speech acts persuading to act, or even wishes (śpij spokojnie, bądź zdrów — sleep well, be in good health).

6

On Apologizing in Norwegian

80%

Awedyk W.

Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia

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2011

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vol. 13

50-62

EN

This paper discusses selected points concerning the verbal realization of the speech act of apology in Norwegian. It sets out to establish prevailing tendencies in the choice of apology strategies applied by the native speakers of Norwegian. The present findings, which seem to indicate that Norwegian apology strategies are fairly routinized, ought to be perceived as preliminary as a more detailed analysis of apology formulae will be presented in an upcoming article.

7

Techniques and Rules of Ineffability in the Dionysian Corpus

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Knepper T. D.

Studia Humana

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 2

3-31

EN

Is the Dionysian God, or an experience of the Dionysian God, absolutely ineffable? Does the Dionysian corpus assert or perform such ineffability? This paper will argue that the answer to each of these questions is no. The Dionysian God is known hyper-nous as the hyper-ousia cause of all. And the Dionysian corpus unambiguously refers to, asserts of, and metaphorizes about this God just so. In arguing these points, this paper will call upon both the speech act theory of John Searle and the metaphor theory of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. More particularly, it will look to Searle’s rules of reference and predication and conditions of illocutionary acts, as well as Lakoff and Johnson’s schematization of metaphor gestalt and entailment to show how Dionysian expressions of inexpressibility are rule-governed and the Dionysian God is thereby (relatively) effable.

8

Sprechakte in der Kommunikation in Kinderwunschforen

80%

Stypa H.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2022

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issue 21

273-288

EN

This article discusses an example of internet communication with the main focus being the communication in fertility forums. Such forums are frequented and used by female users who need medical assistance to become pregnant. The users seek contact with people who experience similar problems and exchange information related to infertility treatments. Although internet forums have been widely examined with the use of linguistic tools, the fertility forums still need further analysis as they undoubtedly offer research potential. This study looks at what speech acts have been employed at a particular forum, and what are the lexical and morphosyntactic components of these speech acts. The forum corpus consists of 130 posts available at www.wunschkinder.net. The analysis of the corpus has shown the repeating patterns in the use of speech acts. It has consequently led to establishing a list of the most characteristic speech acts for the given forum, which are: MENTIONING FERTILITY PROBLEMS, ASKING QUESTIONS, SHOWING SYMPATHY, EXPRESSING UNDERSTANDING, SHARING INFORMATION, OFFERING ADVICE AND CONSOLATION. In addition to neutral expressions, colloquial expressions, and professional medical vocabulary are used in the posts. The tendency to use initialisms or abbreviations is noticeable. On the syntactic level, the forum participants use simple as well as compound and complex sentences. They mostly use complete sentences and, occasionally, sentences without a subject.

9

Jednostki apelatywne. W poszukiwaniu wyróżnika

80%

Zaucha J.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2016

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issue 21

83-96

EN

The goal of the paper is to characterize four units with a dominating appellative function: Uwaga! (‘Warning!’ / ‘Attention!’), Start! (‘Start!’), Stop! (‘Stop!’), and Dalej! (‘Carry on!’). Their nature is performative; they are excluded from the reach of negation; they cannot be presented in reported speech. The author indicates the syntactic independence of these units and their deep rooting in the situational context. She believes that the essential property of appellatives is the marked position of the addressee, contextually identified by the action he or she is to perform or performs. This is reflected in the description of the function of these units, one that reveals their specific character which, according to K. Bühler’s (2004: 32) advice, is particular behaviour of the addressee of the utterance, a reaction to the uttering of those units.

10

Modus exprese osobní paměti v literárním textu

80%

Papoušek V.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2019

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issue 16

209-226

EN

The main thesis of the author of this study is the opinion that so called personal memory transformed into the literary text is not in any case the representation of past reality of individual. So called personal memory in literature is always set of speech acts with evident intention of narrator. This thesis the author prooved on text of four czech exile authors – Hostovsky, Souckova, Barenyi and Kundera.

11

Лингвоаксиологический взгляд на типы речевых актов (на материале устной разговорной речи)

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Пикулева Ю.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2019

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vol. 44

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issue 1

319-326

RU

The report is devoted to the linguoaxiological description of types of speech acts. The author comes to the conclusion that direct and indirect linguistic signals of verbali- zation of perceptions of values and attitudes can be allocated among the types of speech acts. Such speech acts as representatives, commissives, directives, declaratives can transfer value meanings with varying degrees of certainty. The materials are a corpus of conversations of citizens of the Urals – vernacular speakers. It is possible to identify some of the core national and regional values based on the analysis of the material.

12

Modals, Speech Acts and (Im)Politeness: Interactions in Shakespeare’s Plays

80%

Nakayasu M.

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia

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2013

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vol. 48

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issue 4

5-33

EN

This paper accounts for how modals are interrelated with speech acts and (im)politeness, to offer a new perspective to the interactions in Shakespeare’s plays. A variety of strategies to save or attack the hearer’s positive or negative face are taken into account within the frameworks of Brown & Levinson (1987) and Culpeper (1996), and the interplay between these strategies is observed in relation to the modals. Furthermore, this study analyses how speech acts performed with the aid of modals are associated with (im)politeness strategies, based on the inventory of speech acts proposed by Nakayasu (2009). It has been shown that there are more strategies to save or attack the hearer’s positive face in Shakespeare which are employed with the use of modals. The analysis reinforces the proposal by Kopytko (1993, 1995) that social interactions in Shakespeare’s time were positive politenessoriented, going further to extend the analysis to impoliteness, and suggests the interrelated nature of modality, speech acts and (im)politeness.

13

Towards Application of Speech Act Theory to Opinion Mining

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Pluwak A. M.

Cognitive Studies

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2016

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issue 16

EN

Towards the Application of Speech Act Theory to Opinion MiningThe paper refers to the pragmatics’ perspective on opinion mining in Polish and English, inspired by the discrepancy between the coverage of sentiment analysis and the market demand. An analysis of speech acts expressed in opinion texts reveals that almost half of all opinions include ways of indirect evaluation that might not get extracted while applying traditional methods of sentiment analysis based on direct evaluative vocabulary and polarity lexicons. Coding of sentiment with respect to speech acts could vastly broaden data mining results within an NLP-system. O zastosowaniu teorii aktów mowy w ekstrakcji danych z tekstów opinii internetowychJedno z aktualnych zagadnień językoznawstwa komputerowego, jakim jest automatyczne badanie wydźwięku wypowiedzi, nie uwzględniło dotychczas w wystarczającym stopniu pragmatyki językoznawczej, np. aktów mowy Austina (1961) i Searla (1969), a zatem również implicytnych sposobów wyrażania ewaluacji. Tymczasem podejście od pragmatyki ku konstrukcjom przełożonym na reguły programistyczne umożliwiłoby nie tylko szersze spojrzenie na analizę sentymentu, ale też zbliżyłoby automat do sposobu, w jaki odbiera go człowiek. W szczególności chodzi tu sposoby wyrażania (nie)zadowolenia wykraczające poza poziom leksykalny (bez nacechowanej negatywnie leksyki), typu Nigdy więcej tam nie pójdę.Artykuł prezentuje: 1. aktualne podejścia do analizy wydźwięku w lingwistyce komputerowej, 2. propozycję zastosowania podejścia pragmatycznego, 3. wyniki badania próbki tekstów opinii internetowych pod kątem występowania w nich aktów mowy, 4. propozycję utworzenia reguł ekstrakcji danych na ich podstawie. Zaprezentowane podejście zakłada hipotezę wtórnej oralności, czyli tego, że język opinii jest zapisanym językiem mówionym.

14

L2 Spanish apologies development during short-term study abroad

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Hernández T. A.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2018

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vol. 8

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issue 3

599-620

EN

The present study examined the apologies of 18 study abroad (SA) students during a short-term SA experience in Madrid, Spain. Apologies were assessed with a discourse completion task (DCT) consisting of five vignettes that varied across three variables: relative social status of the interlocutor, relative social distance, and seriousness of the offense. Based on performance ratings assigned to them by two native Spanish speakers, the students made significant gains in pragmatic appropriateness from pretest to posttest, on two out of the five individual vignettes, and on the five combined vignettes. Examination of the students’ apologies before and after SA further revealed that they increased several strategies during their time abroad. Despite these gains, other aspects of the SA group’s performance remained the same or, in some cases, moved in the opposite direction of the target norm. Moreover, the students also demonstrated continued overreliance on routine, formulaic expressions on the posttest DCT while underusing some important target-like mitigation strategies. Given the study’s findings, the researcher offers recommendations for teaching pragmatics before and during the SA experience.

15

Akty zaproszeń w polsko- i rosyjskojęzycznych wiadomościach przesyłanych na kartach pocztowych

70%

Dzienisiewicz D.

Przegląd Rusycystyczny

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2022

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issue 4

246-265

RU

Целью настоящей статьи является представление польско- и русскоязычных речевых актов приглашения, пересылаемых на открытках во второй половине ХХ века. Несмотря на то, что приглашения были предметом лингвистического изучения, речевые акты приглашения, наблюдаемые в текстах, написанных на открытках, до сих пор не рассматривались. В статье исследуется место речевых актов приглашения в структуре текста, их прагмалингвистические и формальные особенности, а также их пре- и постпозитивный контекст. Анализ показывает, что речевые акты приглашения обычно служат дополнительным элементом польских текстов, в то время как русские приглашения занимают более центральное место. Кроме того, исследование выявило, что прямые речевые акты приглашения редко встречаются в обоих языках. В свою очередь, косвенные речевые акты приглашения используются чаще и обычно имеют форму предложений с повелительным наклонением.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza polsko- i rosyjskojęzycznych aktów zaproszeń przesyłanych na kartach pocztowych w drugiej połowie XX w. Problematyka ta stanowiła dotąd obiekt zainteresowania językoznawców, jednak nie badano aktów zaproszeń spotykanych stricte w treści wiadomości przesyłanych na kartach pocztowych. Omawiane badanie dotyczy umiejscowienia aktów zaproszeń w strukturze wiadomości, ich cech formalno- i pragmatycznojęzykowych oraz innych aktów, które obudowują je w kontekście pre- i postpozycyjnym. Przeprowadzona analiza dowodzi m.in., że zaproszenie z reguły stanowi dla Polaków dodatkowy element tekstu, podczas gdy Rosjanie preferują umieszczanie aktów zaproszeń w bezpośredniej bliskości centrum wiadomości. Poza tym wykazano, że akty bezpośrednie są rzadko spotykane w tekstach pisanych w obu językach, zdecydowanie częściej stosowane są akty pośrednie, zazwyczaj przybierające formę zdań z orzeczeniem w formie rozkaźnika.

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze Polish and Russian speech acts of invitation sent on postcards in the second half of the 20th century. Although invitations have been the subject of considerable linguistic interest so far, speech acts of invitation observed in postcard messages per se have not been studied yet. The study concerns the location of speech acts of invitation in the structure of postcard messages, their formal and pragmatic features, as well as their pre- and postpositional context. The analysis proves that speech acts of invitation usually serve as an additional element of the Polish messages, while the Russian invitations occupy more central positions. It has also been shown that direct speech acts of invitation are rarely found in both languages. In contrast, indirect speech acts of invitation are utilized more frequently and they commonly take on the form of sentences with imperative verb forms.

16

Interviewing in the Medical Context: Questions, Answers, Assessments – An Interdisciplinary Approach

70%

Gyurό M.

Topics in Linguistics

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 1

EN

There has been a large amount of research done on doctor-patient encounters analysing the linguistic and discursive peculiarities occurring in these interactions. Though many relevant features of medical interviewing are well-known to the scientific public, there are still areas for further investigation. One of these areas is the sequential organisation of the dialogues between patients and doctors. This paper aims to show the pragmatic means that contribute to the efficacy of doctor-patient talk. As a method, the contribution applies the Sociocognitive Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis. The sequential organisation of therapeutic dialogues involves the use of particular speech acts (questions, answers, assessments) that are characteristic of the comforting and confirming procedures of the therapist. The paper intends to analyse the parts of the therapeutic interview (initiation, exploration and termination) to show patient-centredness in interviewing and the sequential organisation of empathy and confirmation with the help of an interview transcript between a doctor and patient after a renal transplant.

17

English for European Communication and Tourism: Focus on Pragmatic Competence

70%

Klimczak-Pawlak A.

Research in Language

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2019

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vol. 17

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issue 3

317-332

EN

Pragmatic competence in L2 English is claimed here to be crucial for successful communication in a variety of communicative contexts across Europe. However, due to language background, cultural and identity differences among users of English, there is a need for reflection and data-driven examination of how the language is used in specific situations. This paper adopts a cross-cultural perspective on the study of the use of English in the European Union with focus on its role in tourism. The role of English as the language of communication in Europe is discussed, followed by a proposal as to the way in which its actual usage can be studied. The data-driven approach to pragmatic behavior is advocated as the basis for the development of pragmatic competence in learners of English with focus on those who wish to engage in tourism.

18

Kritik, Kritisieren vs. Rezensieren aus der Perspektive eines Sprachwissenschaftlers

70%

Krauz M.

tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs

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2018

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issue 11

103–116

EN

By analysing the meaning and the use of terms criticism and review criticizing and reviewing theauthor discusses similarities and di erences between the notions mentioned in the title. Starting with the sense of the verb to criticize the emphasis is placed on the di erence between lite- rary criticism and criticizing as the negatively assessing speech act. Taking into account linguistic means used in critical texts, the author discusses types of review and their constitutive features, and de nes reviewing as linguistic activity. An attempt is also made at answering the question whether considering the critic and criticisms to be dead is not premature.

19

„DOTĄD O NIC NIE PROSILIŚCIE W IMIENIU MOIM” (J 16, 24). PRAGMATYKA WYPOWIEDZI MODLITEWNYCH W EWANGELICZNYCH WSPÓLNOTACH CHARYZMATYCZNYCH

70%

Grabowska M.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2017

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issue 1

5-26

EN

The paper addresses the issue of speech acts in charismatic evangelical groups. Its main thrust oscillates around the notion of prayer and its untypical character. The features that make this speech act unique comprise elements that betray traits of the magical function of language. At the same time there is a lack of classical forms of address, typical for more traditional Christian Churches.

20

Próba konstrukcji narzędzi do analizy etyczności wypowiedzi z użyciem teorii aktów mowy

70%

Dziurosz-Serafinowicz D.

Przegląd Humanistyczny

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2019

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vol. 63(3 (466))

19-26

PL

The aim of this paper is to present tools for analyzing the ethics of utterances in the face-to-face conversation with the use of speech act theory. In particular, an attempt is made to show that ethical examination of the utterance can consist in analyzing its illocution (intention) and perlocution (effect). Additionally, it is proposed that treating a speech act as complementary can be used in the analysis of utterances as those which demand ethical or non-ethical answer.

Refine search results

The Hierarchical System of Speech Acts

La expresión verbal de las emociones negativas: el caso del insulto

Gabriele Sommer and Clarissa Vierke (eds.), Speech Acts and Speech Events in African Languages (Topics in Interdisciplinary African Studies, Volume 23). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2011, 170 pp.

On Pragmatics, Exercitive Speech Acts and Pornography

Struktura morfologiczna słowa a jego funkcja interakcyjna

On Apologizing in Norwegian

Techniques and Rules of Ineffability in the Dionysian Corpus

Sprechakte in der Kommunikation in Kinderwunschforen

Jednostki apelatywne. W poszukiwaniu wyróżnika

Modus exprese osobní paměti v literárním textu

Лингвоаксиологический взгляд на типы речевых актов (на материале устной разговорной речи)

Modals, Speech Acts and (Im)Politeness: Interactions in Shakespeare’s Plays

Towards Application of Speech Act Theory to Opinion Mining

L2 Spanish apologies development during short-term study abroad

Akty zaproszeń w polsko- i rosyjskojęzycznych wiadomościach przesyłanych na kartach pocztowych

Interviewing in the Medical Context: Questions, Answers, Assessments – An Interdisciplinary Approach

English for European Communication and Tourism: Focus on Pragmatic Competence

Kritik, Kritisieren vs. Rezensieren aus der Perspektive eines Sprachwissenschaftlers

„DOTĄD O NIC NIE PROSILIŚCIE W IMIENIU MOIM” (J 16, 24). PRAGMATYKA WYPOWIEDZI MODLITEWNYCH W EWANGELICZNYCH WSPÓLNOTACH CHARYZMATYCZNYCH

Próba konstrukcji narzędzi do analizy etyczności wypowiedzi z użyciem teorii aktów mowy