Search results

1

Distinguishing cartoon subgenres based on a multicultural contemporary corpus

100%

Pedrazzini A., Scheuer N.

The European Journal of Humour Research

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2018

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vol. 6

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issue 1

EN

A literature review reveals the lack of empirical and theoretical work dedicated to systematically grasping the diversity of cartoons. Most studies have focused on political and/or editorial cartoons and have neglected other subgenres, which however are gaining space in many forms of media-such as gag cartoons. Taking genre discursive studies as a starting point, this paper is aimed at distinguishing cartoon subgenres considering their modal, thematic, pragmatic and rhetorical features. The corpus is composed of 85 cartoons (51 multimodal and 34 solely visual) from 22 countries. This corpus was obtained by means of a questionnaire distributed over 2012-2016 in which cartoonists were asked to choose a cartoon that represented their style and to justify their choice. A combination of both qualitative and multivariate statistical techniques was applied. Results allowed us to distinguish four cartoon subgenres based mostly on thematic and pragmatic features: Daily political; Timeless political; Daily media, arts and sports; and Playful cartoons. From a rhetorical standpoint, Timeless political cartoons showed the highest semiotic density (8-12 resources per cartoon), Daily political cartoons an intermediate density (5-7 resources per cartoon) and Playful cartoons the lowest semiotic density (2-4 resources). This contrast might indicate a difference in the cognitive challenge posed to readers, with a major cognitive effort demanded by political cartoons (Timeless and Daily), in addition to the necessary awareness of current affairs. In line with previous research, metaphor appeared as a characteristic resource in political cartoons followed by irony, sarcasm and allusion. Modal analyses showed that political cartoons relied more on the verbal mode to build their messages than the other subgenres.

2

On focus marking and predication. Evidence from Polish with some notes on Hausa

100%

Tajsner P.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2015

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vol. 57

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issue 1

113-138

EN

Purpose: The primary aim of the paper is to provide a new, derivational analysis of two types of Polish sentences with the occurrence of a particle to, which syntactically code focus and topic. These are: to-clefts (To Janek napisał list. ‘It was Janek who wrote the letter’), and topic-to sentences (Janek to napisał list. ‘As for Janek, he wrote the letter’). The secondary aim is to reflect on the relevance of the isomorphism of focus markers and non-verbal copulas in Polish with some reference to Hausa. Method: The approach follows a minimalist method but departs from cartographic accounts with dedicated heads in sentence left-periphery. Instead, it postulates that focus and topic are interpretive by-effects of Specification Predication. In this, the paper extends and modifies Kiss’s (2006, 2010) central idea that focusing is predication. Result & Conclusion: The account proves successful in explaining a few syntactic constraints, doing so in a simple, unitary fashion. Viewing focus as a derivative of predication is a step towards understanding the relation between narrow syntax and information structure.

3

Nominal suffixes as markers of information structure in Basketo

100%

Inui H.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

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2020

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issue 54

97-120

EN

This paper deals with the information function of two nominal suffixes, -i appearing in all nouns, and -n- in first- and second-person pronouns in Basketo, a North Omotic language predominantly spoken in the Basketo Special Woreda in Ethiopia. The suffix -i is often described as nominative. However, object nouns without definite marker can be marked by -i, and as a result -i can appear in both subject and object in the same sentence. We analyze morpheme -i as a marker of specificity. Suffix -n- distinguishes short and long forms of the first- and second-person subject pronoun. The short form is the same as the possessive. In general, possessive does not bear any pragmatic information in discourse. Likewise, short pronouns also show no pragmatic function, but show what is subject or agent in a clause. On the other hand, long pronouns are morphologically and pragmatically marked. We analyze morpheme -n- as the foregrounded topic in discourse in contrast with zero anaphora.

4

Teaching the English active and passive voice with the help of cognitive grammar: An empirical study

100%

Pawlak M., Mystkowska-Wiertelak A., Bielak J.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 4

581-619

EN

Functionally-oriented linguistic theories, such as cognitive grammar (CG), offer nuanced descriptions of the meanings and uses of grammatical features. A simplified characterization of the semantics of the English active and passive voice grounded in CG terms and based on the reference point model is presented, as it is the basis of the instructional treatment offered to one of the groups in the quasiexperimental study reported in the paper. The study compares the effects of feature- focused grammatical instruction covering the form and meaning/use of the English voices based on CG with those of teaching based on standard pedagogical grammar rules. The results point to relatively high effectiveness of both instructional options in fostering the use of the target structures in both more controlled and more spontaneous performance, with traditional instruction being more successful than that based on CG with respect to the latter. A possible explanation of this superiority is that the subset of the participants (n = 27) exposed to the traditional explanations found them simple and easy to apply, contrary to the situation in the other group.

5

Teaching the English active and passive voice with the help of cognitive grammar: An empirical study

100%

Bielak J., Pawlak M., Mystkowska-Wiertelak A.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

|

2013

|

vol. 3

|

issue 4

581-619

EN

Functionally-oriented linguistic theories, such as cognitive grammar (CG), offer nuanced descriptions of the meanings and uses of grammatical features. A simplified characterization of the semantics of the English active and passive voice grounded in CG terms and based on the reference point model is presented, as it is the basis of the instructional treatment offered to one of the groups in the quasiexperimental study reported in the paper. The study compares the effects of feature- focused grammatical instruction covering the form and meaning/use of the English voices based on CG with those of teaching based on standard pedagogical grammar rules. The results point to relatively high effectiveness of both instructional options in fostering the use of the target structures in both more controlled and more spontaneous performance, with traditional instruction being more successful than that based on CG with respect to the latter. A possible explanation of this superiority is that the subset of the participants (n = 27) exposed to the traditional explanations found them simple and easy to apply, contrary to the situation in the other group.

6

Encapsulació i estructura informativa en el debat parlamentari. Una anàlisi contrastiva (català – espanyol – anglès)

99%

Ribera J. E.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2016

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vol. 43

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issue 2

29-50

EN

Parliamentary debate (PD) as a specific genre of parliamentary discourse exhibits a hybrid nature: part oral and part written discourse. It is performed orally, but planned ahead and formal. From the point of view of lexical cohesion, encapsulation by means of abstract and unspecific nouns (e.g. fact or reason) is an indicator of the informative density and the underlying written nature of PD. With the tools provided by Discourse Analysis and Cognitive Linguistics, this paper aims at describing and characterizing cross-linguistically lexical encapsulation’s potential to define the information structure of PD. In this regard, encapsulation is analyzed in relation to the notions of topic and focus in three PDs in Catalan, Spanish and English. In order to determine the contribution of encapsulation to the information structure of PD, we describe the properties of lexical encapsulation as a referential cohesion device and analyze the various lexico-grammatical and discourse patterns in which encapsulators occur. From a cross-linguistic point of view, the results show a higher frequency of encapsulation in the debate in English. In this respect, the Scottish debate exhibits a higher cohesive and informational density than the Catalan and the Spanish ones. However, there has also been observed a homogeneous crosslinguistic behavior of encapsulation with regard to weaving the information structure of PD. In fact, the different usage patterns uncover similar general trends in the three languages. These quantitative coincidences are interpreted as genre related features. On the other hand, some patterns unveil cross-linguistic differences linked to a more speaker-dependent style aiming at guiding the addressee (persuasive function) and to the lexico-grammatical features of each language.

7

Pojęcie dyskursu – przegląd definicji

86%

Rudnicki S.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2018

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issue 8

171-178

EN

The significance of the problem of the «discourse» concept definition arises from the fact that for a relatively long time, from which the concept is used in social sciences, many of its interpretations have appeared. This, thereafter, affects the selection of the discourse research methods, and in the case of the author – the research of Polish discourse in Ukraine, which has an influence on Ukrainian-Polish relations. Therefore, the article is devoted to the analysis of the «discourse» concept and is the theoretical basis for establishing the possibility of using the analysis of discourse for the evaluation of international relations, and in the narrow sense - Polish-Ukrainian relations. As a source base, articles, monographs and theses of Polish and Ukrainian scholars have been used, and it should be noted that in Poland, discourse studies have been conducted for a long period of time and have attracted more attention of the political environment than in Ukraine, and this, accordingly, influenced the choice of sources. The problem of defining the discourse idea is that the concept is used in many scientific disciplines, within which different schools have appeared, which have their own understanding of the discourse concept. In addition, there are also interpretations of individual researchers, who are working within these schools. The analysis of various definitions of discourse convinced the author that the source of differences in the interpretation of the concept is the application of two philosophical traditions. One of them represents discourse as a multi-stage, logically ordered process of knowledge, and was presented by such well-known philosophers as R. Descartes and G.W. Leibnitz and gave impetus to the structuralist understanding of the concept. The second relies on the tradition of one-step moment of knowledge of the object and created a phenomenological school in the interpretation of the concept of «discourse.» The author has considered the classical discourse theories, presented by such scholars as: Teun A. van Dijk, Michel Foucault, Jürgen Habermas and Émile Benveniste, and for his study adopted the phenomenological discourse definition by Michel Foucault, where discourse is the relation of knowledge and power and their interconnection. The discourses are organized through the episteme as a system of thinking, characteristic for a particular era or sphere. Discourse practices are the collection of anonymous rules that govern expressions for a particular era and specific environments. The discourse interpretation in the phenomenological tradition of scientist Michel Foucault complements the work of other authors, which do not contradict the other above-mentioned interpretations, such as speech-community (community of speaking, language community), topic (concept) that unites the text, story line that arranges the discourse. Understanding the concept of discourse as rules that outline the statement, supplemented by the concepts of other scholars, allows us to use a wide range of research methods, which were introduced by the author - subdividing extralinguistic, linguistic (textual) and methods of analyzing the dependence of language and extra-language elements. Among the extra-linguistic methods, the analysis of SEP (somebody else’s problem is in first place) – the matter that is silent, the discourse strategy analysis, (the selection of texts, event naming, event description), priming and framing as discourse strategies. Methods of linguistic analysis concentrate on the analysis of the text surface which occupies this topic in the media, the analysis of the semantic keyword field, the conversational analysis which focuses on the description of communicative units, including metaphors and the analysis of text strategies. Finally, the third group of methods of language matching and extra-language factors is critical discourse analysis, which establishes links between ideology, propaganda, public morals and language.

8

Topikalizacja w tekstach Cypriana Norwida. Rekonesans

72%

Kozłowska A.

Forum Poetyki

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2021

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issue 26

18-31

EN

Topicalization, understood as highlighting the topic of an utterance, has different syntactic, lexical, and punctuational exponents. Punctuational exponents are specific to Norwid, constituting a peculiar equivalent of suprasegmental exponents of the thematic-thematic structure in a written text. The discussed operation introduces a hidden contrast, indicating that the topic of an utterance is X rather than any other conceivable topic, or an object which could be selected from a previously signaled class. This is accompanied by the following intention: ‘I am talking about X, not about Y, Z… etc.’, This blurs the clear distinction into the thematic and rhematic part, and hence represents Norwid’s characteristic strategy of speaking, in which the main topic and rhemat seem equally important.

PL

Topikalizacja, rozumiana jako uwydatnienie tematu wypowiedzenia, ma w twórczości Cypriana Norwida rozmaite wykładniki syntaktyczne, leksykalne i graficzne – te ostatnie, specyficzne dla wypowiedzi autora Vade-mecum, stanowią swoisty ekwiwalent suprasegmentalnych wykładników struktury tematyczno-rematycznej w tekście pisanym. Omawiana operacja wprowadza do wypowiedzi ukryty kontrast, wskazując, że mowa w niej właśnie o X, a nie o jakimkolwiek innym możliwym do pomyślenia temacie ani też nie o obiekcie, który można by wybrać z jakiejś sygnalizowanej wcześniej klasy. Towarzyszy jej następująca intencja: ‘mówię o X, a nie o Y, Z... itp.’. Zaciera ona wyrazistość podziału na część tematyczną i rematyczną i tym samym wpisuje się w charakterystyczną dla Norwida strategię mówienia, w której zarówno główny temat, jak i remat wypowiedzenia wydają się równie ważne.

9

Warsztat nauczyciela polonisty w edukacji gimnazjalnej (na podstawie analizy dokumentów zastanych)

62%

Jastrzębska-Golonka D.

Polonistyka. Innowacje

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2015

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issue 1

91-106

EN

The aim of the article is to depict and assess the chosen aspects of the Polish teacher’s technique conducted thanks to the analysis of the syllabus in the conspects, notebooks, short tests and teacher’s teaching activities. The aspects assessed there: the ways of defining the topics, the aims of the lessons, teaching methods, the ways of taking notes and exercises. The analysis proved that not only the teacher takes care of the realization of the syllabus in the junior high school but it showed that traditional teaching methods dominate as well.

10

Творац и дело

58%

ЧАРКИЪ М. М. Ж. Ч.

Stylistyka

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2009

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vol. 18

5-15

SR

WorkIn this paper we have posited the basie thesis that a created work of art depends exclusive- ly on its creator, namely on his worldview, his experience of the world. Two authors are discussed here, the poets V. Petković Dis and A. Śantić, who belonged to the same literary movement, the same literary school, and should therefore have used similar, if not the same forms of expression. Moreover, the two poets wrote on the same topie, the topie of autumn, had the same audience - and should have treated the identical topie in a similar way according to the same poetics. However, notwithstanding the same elements: the same poetical movement (modemism), the same topie (autumn), the same audience (the beginning of the 2Oth century), the two poets created two works of art (two poems) com- pletely different in form, and in content too. This has confirmed that within the well-known triad: who -> for whom -> what, the who element plays the dominant part, as the naturę of what depends on it, even though the for whom element is identical in different cases. This is a proof of Buffon’s well-known statement - the style is the man, namely that the form and content of a created work of art solely depends on the creator, writer.

11

Ściana Płaczu: Władysław Broniewski i Jerzy Ficowski. Interpretacja porównawcza: egzemplifikacja

51%

Kuczyńska-Koschany K.

Polonistyka. Innowacje

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2021

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issue 14

101-112

EN

The article reminded about the rudiments that rule the comparative interpretation. The authoress refers to previous methodological and methodical arrangements, especially Bożena Chrząstowska’s, and uses the adopted rudiments in practice (expanding the area with theme and topic). The sketch is an attempt of comparative interpretation of two poems written by polish poets, Władysław Broniewski (1897-1962) and Jerzy Ficowski (1924-2006) – which are about Jerusalem Wailing Wall.

PL

W artykule przypomniano reguły, jakimi rządzi się interpretacja porównawcza. Autorka odnosi się do dotychczasowych ustaleń metodologicznych i metodycznych, przede wszystkim Bożeny Chrząstowskiej, oraz stosuje przyjęte zasady w praktyce (rozszerzając pole o temat i topos). Szkic jest próbą interpretacji porównawczej dwu wierszy polskich poetów - Władysława Broniewskiego (1897-1962) i Jerzego Ficowskiego (1924-2006) – na temat jerozolimskiej Ściany Płaczu.

12

Národní park Šumava: Hruška vs. Stráský, dva rozhovory z března 2011

51%

Hořejší M. L.

Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics

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2015

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vol. 6

|

issue 1

47-69

EN

The paper deals with the dispute about management of the Šumava National Park. The paper characterizes the discourse on the Šumava National Park on the basis of two interviews with the representatives of the contradictory positions. It analyzes the central topics, topoi and concepts by applying the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA). The paper focuses on the way how both interviewees construct their opponent, how they construct the attribute “human” and in which contexts they use pronouns “we” and “they”. The paper reveals that the way of displaying the past is crucial for the identification of both dominant narratives. The basic interdiscursive relations in which the discourse on the Šumava National Park is involved are also outlined.

13

Sexist hate speech: Topical organization of intolerant discourse

44%

Vasilenko E.

Językoznawstwo

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2020

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vol. 14

47-60

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie struktury tematycznej seksistowskiej mowy nienawiści jako formy nietolerancyjnego dyskursu. Seksistowski język wrogości rozpatrywany jest jako rodzaj genderowo uwarunkowanego języka wrogości, na który wpływają te same społeczne, polityczno-prawne i kulturowo--etniczne czynniki, co na język wrogości, oparty na orientacji seksualnej lub identyfikacji genderowej. W artykule zaproponowano całościowe ujęcie struktury tematycznej języka wrogości, przytaczane są przykłady werbalizacji tematów i podtematów seksistowskiego języka wrogości w dyskursie internetowym Białorusi.

RU

Целью статьи является определение тематической структуры сексистского языка вражды как формы интолерантного дискурса. Сексистский язык вражды рассматривается как вид гендерно обусловленного языка вражды, на который влияют те же социальные, политико-правовые и культурно-этические факторы, что и на язык вражды, основанный на сексуальной ориентации или гендерной идентичности. В статье предлагается тематическая структура языка вражды в целом и приводятся примеры вербализации тем и подтем сексистского языка вражды в интернет-дискурсе Беларуси.

EN

The article is aimed at determining the topical structure of sexist hate speech as form of intolerant discourse. Sexist hate speech is viewed as a type of gender-based hate speech that is influenced by the same social, political and legal, cultural and ethical factors as sexual orientation-based or gender identity-based hate speech. The article proposes a topical structure of hate speech in general and provides the examples of verbalization of sexist hate speech topics and subtopics in the Belarusian online discourse.

14

Stopień zwrotu ankiet pocztowych w badaniach marketingowych w świetle doświadczeń nauczycieli akademickich polskich uczelni

37%

Gorbaniuk O.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

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1999

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vol. 27

|

issue 1

167-181

EN

Postal reviews are widely used in social sciences research because of their great popularity both with respondents and researchers. In Poland postal reviews are used less often than other methods of communication. A low or very low percentage of returned questionnaires is most often mentioned as the reason. This opinion results first of all from not knowing that condition the rate of their return, and particularly from not knowing the cultural peculiarity of Poland in this respect. The sources of this state should be looked for in underestimating the importance of the problem in academic handbooks that only popularise and deepen negative stereotypes about postal review, and in a small number of specialist publications on the variables that are significant for the rate of return in the case of Polish population. In order to fill the existing gap in the knowledge of peculiarity as far as the reaction of potential respondents in Poland is concerned to marketing research with the use of postal review it was decided that opinions and experiences connected with postal review should be collected and analysed. They came from people who occupy themselves in marketing research, first of all in its theoretical aspect, but also having practical knowledge in this field. 89 professors were chosen who specialise in the field of marketing. They were sent aquestionnaire, specially worked out for the study. The questions were concerned, among others, with the peculiar character of postal reviews done by those people. The rate of return after two contacts was 43.7%. The article contains a specification of the rate of return of questionnaires depending on the used factors of review personalisation, financial gratification, the number and form of contacts with respondents and factors connected with the specificity of sending and returning the research materials by respondents. The obtained results are compared and analysed against the background of results of research done in the West. These specifications and analyses may be a good source of hypotheses for future research of cultural conditioning and combination of factors that allow maximising the rate of return of postal review questionnaires in Poland.

Refine search results

Distinguishing cartoon subgenres based on a multicultural contemporary corpus

On focus marking and predication. Evidence from Polish with some notes on Hausa

Nominal suffixes as markers of information structure in Basketo

Teaching the English active and passive voice with the help of cognitive grammar: An empirical study

Teaching the English active and passive voice with the help of cognitive grammar: An empirical study

Encapsulació i estructura informativa en el debat parlamentari. Una anàlisi contrastiva (català – espanyol – anglès)

Pojęcie dyskursu – przegląd definicji

Topikalizacja w tekstach Cypriana Norwida. Rekonesans

Warsztat nauczyciela polonisty w edukacji gimnazjalnej (na podstawie analizy dokumentów zastanych)

Творац и дело

Ściana Płaczu: Władysław Broniewski i Jerzy Ficowski. Interpretacja porównawcza: egzemplifikacja

Národní park Šumava: Hruška vs. Stráský, dva rozhovory z března 2011

Sexist hate speech: Topical organization of intolerant discourse

Stopień zwrotu ankiet pocztowych w badaniach marketingowych w świetle doświadczeń nauczycieli akademickich polskich uczelni