The Constitution of The Republic of Poland (Article 17) says that: “By means of a statute, self‑governments may be created within a profession in which the public repose confidence, and such self‑governments shall concern themselves with the proper practice of such professions in accordance with, and for the purpose of protecting, the public interest”. This regulation is based on two principles: The first is the principle of professionalism; the second embraces norms that must be observed by representatives of professions of public trust. Those groups can make the decisions of their members or profits for themselves. This puts them in a different position than other participants of social and economic life. Professional associations are not driven by market rules, nor administrative regulations (relating to the postulate of the division of labor). The problem begins when – from a social point of view – it is no longer possible to regard these organizations as trustworthy partners. The gap between legal and social perspectives raises doubts about the way in which a civil society could face professional self‑governments when they are seen as being hostile to them.
The aim of this article is to present trends in the latest literature about puberty of YA for girls against the background of the tradition of this literature genre. The main area of interest covers novels from the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The description of the characteristic development lines of this genre is the background for the analysis of novel Fanfik by Natalia Osińska from 2016. This novel is written using affective poetics toolbox. As a result the model of affective literature, specific reading practices and performative function of young adult is obtained. The authors of analyzed novel start from their own affects, experiences and observations and reach to the subject, teenage audiences, enabling not only a better understanding of the world and other people, but also they convey various, culturally supported, though not easy to implement decision models. The world presented in the novel is not always a friendly one and often controversial. Characters’ behaviour is not obvious but a thought-provoking axiological proposition. An important point of this article is presenting Fanfik as aconscious and ostentatious referencing to traditional presentation of puberty in cycle of the novels by Małgorzata Musierowicz “Jeżycjada”.
The considerations’ point of departure is as follows: the biological nature’s transgression affects realization of a person. I start with a short description of this thesis. Next I relate achieved data to the situation of people who cannot develop their personal capacities because of physical or mental disabilities. Such a situation fuels the perennial philosophical (and pedagogical) debate about the value of live. And I also make a little contribution in this discussion. Namely, I argue that disabled people do not live in a less valuable way.
Transgressive acts are recognized in the literature as one of the dimensions of the spiritual nature of man. The pre-school child has special abilities and possibilities for transgressive activities in many areas of life due to their unique developmental characteristics. This study attempts to characterize the essence of the transgressive child’s acts in order to show one of the spiritual dimensions of the nature of the child.
In the novel Vengeance du traducteur, Brice Matthieussent focuses on the translator-author relationship and tackles the question from the point of view of the translator’s note. The author is eventually murdered by the translator out of revenge, not only in symbolical terms but also in literal terms. A given aesthetics of translation is thereby conveyed, going through stages of appropriation, digestion, transportation and transgression of text and translation rules, which nonetheless does not necessarily reflect the author’s genuine stand, a famous translator himself.
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Dans ce roman, Brice Matthieussent aborde la question de la relation entre auteur et traducteur sous la forme d’une prise de pouvoir du second sur le premier par note du traducteur interposée. Au terme d’une littérale mise à mort de l’auteur, non plus seulement symbolique mais physique, c’est aussi une esthétique de la traduction qui se dessine, tour à tour appropriation, digestion, déménagement et transgression, esthétique qu’il serait toutefois abusif de porter au compte de l’auteur du roman, lui-même traducteur renommé.
Georges Bataille and Hubert Aquin both explore a mystical experience displaying strong similarities, related to what Roger Caillois called « left sacred », that is the impure, malefic sacred, which is accessible by transgression and corresponds to the privileged moment of unity between people. For Bataille, God is absent, even dead: Lamma sabachtani is no longer a question but an assertion in his essays. The object of his new mystical theology is not God, but « the unknown». The divine is reduced to the human, transcendence to immanence. The goal is to free the mystical experience from its religious background and to make ecstasy accessible to every-one. It is precisely by communicating that men can break their isolation and unite themselves with others. « Eroticism of bodies » and « eroticism of hearts » are two of the experiences proposed by Bataille which lead to the sacred. Hubert Aquin is also fascinated by the « left sacred », by eroticism in particular, but it represents for him a temptation which eliminates from the « right sacred » Jesus Christ and perfection He is, for Aquin, the absolute corresponding to the communion between the human being and the Son of God ; it consists in being reborn and in living in “the Christ of the Revelation”.
Recent theorisations of transformations of intimacy-like Ken Plummer's (2003) Intimate Citizenship project-concentrate on social and cultural transformations that erode the containment of intimacy within the private sphere. They have less to say about the character of and oppositions to that erosion, and specifically how far the idea of the private stands in opposition to intimacy transgressing into the public. In this essay, the private is explored through its constitutive features-liberal codifications of rights, liberty and property, medico-moral discourses and conservative values and legal and political regulation-to give a more political and critical reading. This reading suggests that an explicit disentangling of the private and the intimate is necessary if tendencies toward public and emancipated intimacies are to become meaningful transformations, and this involves a dissembling of and critical engagement with the powerful historically entrenched idea of privacy in western societies.
In the 20th century, Edgar Allan Poe’ s poem, The Raven, was the starting point for many film adaptations. In 2012, director James McTeigue gave us one more, based on Hannah Shakespeare & Ben Livingstone’s script, with John Cusach in the role of Poe. In the latest production, Edgar Allen Poe himself is facing, in his real life, the atrocities that came out of his imagination. Our intention is to show the challenges of the film and the implications at the aesthetic level and at the level of reception.
The works of Marguerite Duras show visible hybridity, broadly understood as a mixture of genres, correspondence of the arts, or intertextuality. Her texts reflect, par excellence, this tendency because they keep departing from classical forms. Consequently, the same text can be interpreted as a novel, screenplay, or film. This transgression seemingly results from the versatility of changing artistic interests of Duras, who, while writing, was fascinated by film-making and all possibilities of experimentation. The transgression is confirmed by a kind of polyphony of voices in her works, which makes them both extremely suggestive and open. A prime example of this technique is Le Navire Night. According to the concept of poetical-novelistic or cinematic writing, it can be seen as a ‘hybrid’ work. Therefore, Le Navire Night is sometimes read as a poem as understood by Henri Meschonnic, referring to the creativity of the author, especially in the field of language
This research examines the manifestations of excess as a means oftransgression of societal and ecclesiastical rules in Je suis sang/ I Am Blood,conceived by Jan Fabre in 2001 for the Avignon Festival. The medieval set inwhich Fabre frames the theatrical performance causes the spectator to beconfronted with violence and radical corporeal images, making ecstaticexperience and torture impossible to separate. By surpassing all the limitsabusively imposed on their bodies, the characters in the show submitthemselves to transgression by exploring both debauchery and abstinence asrituals. In each of these cases, the bodies are always pushed to the limits inorder to avoid the boundaries externally imposed on them and thus gain theirdesired freedom. In this manner, we are witnessing the emergence of severaltypes of bodies, always in connection with blood: tortured bodies, erotic bodies,ascetic bodies, saintly bodies or demonic bodies. Our approach throughout theanalysis of excess and its corporeal manifestations is based on the concept oforgiasm as theorised by sociologist Michel Maffesoli [2010]. Our maintheoretical concern focuses on the distinction between hyper and hypo orgiasm,two extreme manifestations of the same phenomenon. We argue that orgiasm isnot only a form of liberation for the medieval body represented in Je suis sang,but also a ritual that solidifies the bonds within the group in view, leaving spacefor a form of communion otherwise impossible to achieve.
The aim of this article is to analyze and interpret way in which a topos of Cain was evoked in literary works and other texts of culture in the light of the concept of transgression. An approach adapted in analysis will be inspired by comparative hermeneutics, yet not only literary contexts will be taken into consideration, but also religious, philosophical, and scientific ones. In the very structure of the topos one can discern a series of binary oppositions, which become valuated in various ways in different historical contexts. It is above all the opposition between destructive and constructive component of the theme. Interpretations of the topos in the works of George Byron, Władysław Orkan, and Jerzy Andrzejewski are discussed deeper. The analysis leads to the conclusion that in the historical development of a significant change in its valuation is taking place. Regarded as a symbol of evil in the Middle Ages, it is ennobled as a patron of rebels, reformers and creators in the twentieth century.
In this essay I analyze the phenomenon of boundary and the mode(s) of human experiencing of it. I claim that it is essential, or even foundational, to culture. Humans encounter boundaries positively or negatively virtually everywhere, in all forms of experience of reality and of themselves. To experience a boundary is, obviously, not identical with a simple acceptance of our limitations, but is equally constituted by a pursuit to transgress it. There is no boundary without at least possible transgression, and there is no transgression without a boundary. In this sense one cannot be understood without the other. This paradoxical relation is constitutive – as we know from the great narratives of our culture – for culture and humankind in their essential entanglement. But this picture is to be supplemented by a moment of resistance – even if we were able to transgress all boundaries, does that mean we should? It is this question which draws our attention to creative and normative aspects of our experience of boundaries. It is this question which constitutes a challenge to our thinking and acting whenever we encounter a boundary. In my analyses I pay some special attention to boundaries in contemporary art.
This article aims to present the general characteristics of the Turkish literature so-called yeraltı edebiyatı (lit. ‘underground literature’) and its representatives, with particular emphasis on the work of Hakan Günday and with focus on the theme of transgression – crossing borders, pushing the boundaries in philosophical and cultural terms by Michel Foucault and Georges Bataille. This work is an attempt to show how the main protagonist of Hakana Günday’s novel More perform transgressive experiences.
This article is about the possibilities of transdisciplinary research and was written from the perspective of the specialist in Polish philology. The paper also refers to proposals presented at the 12th Convention of Specialists in Polish Studies [Zjazd Polonistów] (2011) and the volume Nowa humanistyka (New Humanities) (2017). These texts postulated transforming the specific “identity” of Polish philology into cultural studies or anthropology of literature and an attempt to “build bridges” with other specializations so far falling within the paradigm of interdisciplinarity. The author proposes a better way to cross the traditional divisions between the humanities and sciences and presents the term “transdisciplinarity”, which is somehow connected to the metaphor of “jumping over the wall”. Consequently, he proposes the figure of the catapult, which is used in poetics, is derived from the military machine, and is now understood as a rescue launcher. Thinking in terms of catapult assume a ferocity and the risk of entering foreign territory, the need to enter into a direct, concrete and difficult relationship with another world (of matter, laws, methods and problems).
The goal of the present study is to understand the discoursive negotiation of the claims upon the use of public space. Specifically is to focused on the analysis of purification of public space from homeless persons in middle-sized city. On the basis of my research of homeless persons that included de semi-structured interviews with selected actors (policemen, politicians, employees of social services and of the non-profit organizations), analysis of documents (especially journalistic and legal) and active participant observation.
The text discusses the issue of rooting of a beginner teacher in the social and cultural space of the school. The article is intended to raise awareness about possible fields of tension in the school culture, which - as identified in the experience of teachers - may serve as a barrier for functioning of a novice at school. In the beginning I presented a short discussion of the essence of school culture, and pointed out to possible presentation of problems related to functioning of a beginner teacher in it. In this background I presented assumptions and results of my own studies devoted to looking for an own place in school culture by a novice. From the perspective of teachers, when referring to their opinions I presented what types of own experience may be identified in the process of participation in school life and what types of anchors are used by novices. The discussion develops the thesis that due to multiplicity and locality of school cultures, a novice cannot learn them during their academic education, but they may be transgressively open to the notion of difficult embedding into the social and cultural space of school. The data obtained show that the teachers try to understand their own experiences and juxtapose them with their limited knowledge about school life when they start their work. The results show that they are motivated to take transgressive actions, and actively look for reference sources to formulate the interpretation framework and define a situation which is new to them. This can be understood as an attempt to immerse in the social world of the school and become an inherent part of the school culture.
The article is a response to the proposal to create a space for discourse on the dramatic dimensions of contemporary humanities. Dramaturgy, creativity and transgression are notions in the master discourse of three women Nobel Prize winners. The basis for the text is the issues contained in the speeches given by these Nobel Prize-winning authors. The intersubjective discourse around humanistic concerns about the changes in the present regards the limits of creation, the process of creative transgressions in designing the world and the potential in the space of sense-creating experiences. It shows a vision of a human who “thinks through creativity, sees the world differently”. Transgressive activity allows us to transform reality, and going beyond the boundaries is like successive acts of creating, or at least the creation of the world.
The thesis of the present paper is to investigate the reasons why it may become difficult for the 20th century Western woman to avoid feeling trapped within her status of motherhood and to transcend her immanence as a woman. Simone de Beauvoir argues in The Second Sex, Part V, chapter XVII (“The Mother”) that the modern Western woman proves unable to transgress her own immanence. What are the three factors that stand in the way of the woman's existential telos? What is the natural consequence of her Snow White-type of imprisonment? Will she impose the same pattern of panoptic surveillance upon her own offspring?
This article concentrates on the problem of transgression in the novel Podobojí by Daniela Hodrová. This problem is tracked from the perspective of romantic and post-romantic references to the literary and historical tradition (e.g. the Czech National Revival). One of the key concepts here is death and the metaphor of doubling, which makes the characters in the novel ontologically ambiguous entities. Death is treated in a confrontation with romantic themes, such as the ghost, ghoul, and the double.
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