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EN
The article deals with several urbanonyms existing in the urban Polish language of Poznań and connected with Adam Mickiewicz Square and the two monuments located there: of Adam Mickiewicz and of the Poznań 1956 Protests. The material has been collected by means of a survey which was conducted among 100 Polish language students and 120 older persons (at the age of 35–85 years). The results of studies enabled scholars to observe a great onymic inventiveness of Poznań residents, constantly creating new, distinctly motivated ur­banonyms, as well as a significant liveliness and an important role of those names in everyday linguistic communication of the city’s residents, and, consequently – in the regional variety of the Polish language.
EN
Urbanonyms, such as street names, square names and names of other places in the city, can carry cultural connotations, which is of great importance in a contrastive perspective. Some urbanonyms have connotations of universal character, while the connotations of others are of national or local character. The typology of cross-linguistic equivalents of urbanonyms carrying cultural connotations is presented and discussed. The knowledge of connotations of proper names including urbanonyms is part of being bilingual and bicultural. The connotative potential of urbanonyms requires a proper lexicographic description which is vital in foreign lanaguge teaching and translation.
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Historické aspekty urbanonymie Mnichova Hradiště

81%
EN
The study describes the historical development of urbanonyms in a small Czech town Mnichovo Hradiště in the 19th and 20th centuries. The first chronological part describes the major development trends, the second part applies several approaches to classification of urbanonyms. The names of streets were affected by political changes: each political regime preferred a different semantical type of the name.
PL
This is a follow-up article to the earlier article Post-war street names in Zielona Góra that relates to the ways former German urbanonyms were incorporated into the Polish linguistic system. The present article focuses, however, only on those forms that do not refer to earlier names in any way, that is, on completely new names. The material presented in the article includes a hundred urban place names (excerpted from a document, or more precisely from a five-page typescript with no date and no signature in which German names of streets of the town are accommpanied with their Polish counterparts). The comprehensive survey of these forms provides a conclusion that the Polonization of urbanonyms was not by all means an easy task to perform, and that the people responsible for its implementation had to face and come to grips with different problems of linguistic and non-linguistic nature. Things as they were, however, make us realise today that some of the solutions can raise our objection and reservation on the matter.
Acta onomastica
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2013
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vol. 54
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issue 1
145-150
EN
In recent time the phenomenon of memory has become a popular issue in historiography and social studies. Probably the most interesting concept comes from the French historian Pierre Nora who wrote about „places of memory“. This text discusses the use of this concept in toponomastics. All examples are chosen from the Prague urbanonyms.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the current understanding of the term topographic names in relation to Polish urban names, especially street names. The material for analysis has been extracted from numerous linguistic works published during the period between the 1960s and the second decade of the 21st century. Topographical names were introduced to Polish linguistics by Witold Taszycki, who considered them an important semantic category of local names. This term was later used in the divisions of the urban nomenclature. For years, however, it has not been possible to create a generally accepted definition of topographical street names. All proposals in this respect oscillate between a narrow (represented e.g. by Mieczysław Buczyński) and a broad (accepted e.g. by Danuta Kopertowska) understanding of this group of onyms. The review of chronologically diversified linguistic approaches to the discussed category of the title leads to the conclusion that the disputable definition issues boil down to the following questions: motivation, status of natural names, taking into account natural or artificial objects of the area, appellative or proprial basis, referring to subjective or objective properties of the object. Taking them all into account, the article eventually proposes the introduction of a new division into topographical names proper and mixed topographical names.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie  rozumienia terminu nazwy topograficzne w odniesieniu do polskich urbanonimów, a szczególnie do nazw ulic. Materiał do analizy został wyekscerpowany z licznych prac językoznawczych opublikowanych w okresie, którego ramy stanowią lata 60. XX wieku i druga dekada wieku XXI. Nazwy topograficzne wprowadził do polskiego językoznawstwa Witold Taszycki, uznając je za ważną kategorię semantyczną nazw miejscowych. Termin ten znalazł następnie zastosowanie także w podziałach nazewnictwa miejskiego. Przez lata nie udało się jednak stworzyć ogólnie przyjętej definicji topograficznych nazw ulic. Wszystkie propozycje w tym względzie oscylują między wąskim (reprezentowanym np. przez Mieczysława Buczyńskiego) i szerokim (przyjętym np. przez Danutę Kopertowską) rozumieniem tej grupy onimów. Przegląd zróżnicowanych chronologicznie językoznawczych ujęć omawianej kategorii mian prowadzi do wniosku, że dyskusyjne  kwestie definicyjne sprowadzają się do następujących zagadnień: motywacji, statusu nazw przyrodniczych, uwzględniania naturalnych lub sztucznych obiektów terenu, apelatywnej lub proprialnej podstawy, odwoływania się do subiektywnych lub obiektywnych właściwości obiektu. Biorąc je wszystkie pod uwagę, ostatecznie w artykule zaproponowano wprowadzenie nowego podziału na nazwy topograficzne właściwe i topograficzne mieszane. 
EN
The subject of a discussion in the article are internally motivated names present in the history of Lodz’s naming.The internally motivated names are based on the names which functioned chronologically earlier in the area. Taking into accountthe relationships between theprimaryand secondarynames, on both formal and incentive levels, two types of internally motivated names have been distinguished and discussed: 1. names having aformalrelationshipwiththe primary names, and 2. names having only basic, semantic relationship with the primary names.
PL
Lusatia is a phenomenon in the history of Europe. For many centuries its inhabitants bravely struggled against the German element, preserving their identity. Such conduct has earned them our admiration. Does this admiration find reflection in the Polish language, for instance in the proper names used today? This article makes an attempt at answering this question. Special attention has been paid to the onyms including the words Łużyce/Lusatia, łużycki/Lusatian, Łużyczanin/Łużyczanka/male or female inhabitant of Lusatia, excerpted from the Internet with the use of Google browser. Their analysis shows which factors also played an important role in the formation of such names, i.e., sympathy and interest in the inhabitants of Lusatia – the people who have been cultivating their culture, language and customs for many years and who, because of their conduct, are worthy of our reflection.
Acta onomastica
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2023
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vol. 64
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issue 1
88-103
EN
The article provides information about urbanonyms in small settlements. On the basis of a representative sample of Moravian villages, it estimates the number of municipalities with urbanonyms and it summarizes their character, motivation, and level of identification. The predominant motivation is the orientation function followed by traditional oral names and honorification. The predominant level of identification is the local level. The greatest diversity exists in traditional oral names, which account for the largest proportion of unique names and occurrences. The analytical part tests variables that may explain the introduction of street names, their frequency and their character. It shows that the proximity to larger cities and the population size of a community are related to the presence of urbanonyms, their number and partly their character. Significant differences also exist between towns on the one hand and townlets and villages on the other. Towns have a greater proportion of honorific names and names with international and national levels of identification, while townlets and villages have a greater proportion of traditional oral names and names with regional and local levels of identification. In this respect, small towns are more like large cities than townlets and villages of the same size.
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Nová pražská deantroponymická urbanonyma

70%
Acta onomastica
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2013
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vol. 54
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issue 1
123-133
EN
The paper analyzes the motivation and functions of the deanthroponymic urbanonyms that came into existence between the years 1998 and 2011. As a basic besides the identification function, the commemorative function is delimited in these names. The motivating personality either (1) had a certain relationship to the named place, or (2) was without a personal relationship. The intensity of the commemorative function becomes gradually weakened and replaced by the orientation function. The systemic function creating local systems of names is employed when the personalities motivating the urbanonym belonged to the same professional sphere of social activity. Anthroponymic urbanonym can also have a connotative function, commemorating for example historical events or technical, cultural and other inventions.
EN
From old-time to modern Poznań in detective storiesThe article discusses the image of Poznań in detective fiction written after 1989. The criminal stories were selected in such a way that their action takes place in different times, the purpose of the paper is to show how the choice of names affects the understanding of the novel’s content and compare the names used by the author with the real urban nomenclature with that of Poznan, both presently and in the period in which the piece is set. The main question posed is whether the time of action influences the selection of proper names and how the proper names were chosen for novels in which action takes place in earlier periods: whether the author uses historical urbanonyms, present ones or adopts a different strategy altogether. The article aims to show how the picture of Poznań is created in detective stories and how much it corresponds to reality. Od dawnego do współczesnego Poznania w kryminaleArtykuł pokazuje obraz Poznania w kryminałach napisanych po roku 1989. Kryminały zostały wybrane w taki sposób, aby ich akcja rozgrywała się w różnych czasach. Celem pracy jest pokazanie, jak dobór nazw własnych wpływa na zrozumienie treści dzieła oraz porównanie nazw z ówczesnym i współczesnym nazewnictwem miejskim Poznania. Główne pytanie stawiane w pracy dotyczy tego, czy czas akcji wpływa na dobór onimów oraz jak wygląda dobór onimów w kryminałach z akcją osadzoną we wcześniejszych latach. Czy autor odzwierciedla w powieści funkcjonujące wówczas realnie urbanonimy, opiera się na stanie współczesnym, czy obiera jeszcze inną strategię? Artykuł ma pokazać, jak kształtuje się przestrzeń Poznania w kryminale i czy historycznie oraz współcześnie odpowiada stanowi faktycznemu.
Onomastica
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2021
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vol. 65
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issue 1
289-305
EN
Przemyśl used to be a fortified border town between the Kingdom of Poland and Kievan Rus. The influence of various languages, religions or nationalities existed in that area for centuries, and the numerous traces of such interference can be observed in the toponymy of the region. The aim of this article is to attempt to answer the question to what degree the complex linguistic and national and religious relations have been reflected in both contemporary and old urban names, which are younger and more changeable than settlement names. The impact of the location of a fortified town was analyzed, as well as the reflection of national (the ethnic border) and religious (the multiconfessionalism of city dwellers) relationships in urbanonyms and linguistic interference. The conducted analysis has shown that the complicated past of the region has had only a slight impact on the contemporary onomastics, but cannot be ignored. The influence of the language and culture of ethnic and religious minorities on the urbanonyms is mostly noticeable in the names motivated by religion, and less so in localizing, cultural or commemorative names.
PL
Przemyśl to miasto, które od zarania dziejów było grodem granicznym między Królestwem Polskim a Rusią Kijowską. Na tym terenie przez stulecia ścierały się wpływy różnych języków, wyznań, narodowości, a liczne ślady tych interferencji możemy obserwować w toponimii regionu. Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, na ile skomplikowane stosunki językowo-narodowo-religijne znalazły odzwierciedlenie we współczesnym i dawnym nazewnictwie miejskim, które jest młodsze i bardziej zmienne niż nazewnictwo miejscowe. Analizowano wpływ lokalizacji grodu na nazewnictwo, badano odbicie w urbanonimach stosunków narodowościowych (pogranicze etniczne) i religijnych (wielowyznaniowość mieszkańców miasta), a także interferencje językowe. Przeprowadzona analiza pokazała, że skomplikowana przeszłość regionu ma niewielki wpływ na teraźniejszość nazewniczą, ale nie jest bez znaczenia. Wpływy języka i kultury mniejszości etniczno-wyznaniowych najmocniej zaznaczają się w sferze religii, mniej wyraźnie są natomiast w nazwach lokalizujących, kulturowych i pamiątkowych.
Acta onomastica
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2019
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vol. 60
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issue 2
240-252
EN
The article looks into 177 names of streets, alleys and squares in the city of Kyiv, renamed between 2015 and 2017 as a result of the process of decommunisation. It presents lexical and semantic characteristics of urbanonyms and reveals the key principles and naming motives in the renamed objects. A significant number of changed urbanonyms are based on anthroponyms (114 names of streets, 64%). The lexical base of other urbanonyms is comprised of common lexis (24 names, 14%), and toponyms, particularly oikonyms, hydronyms, microtoponyms (29 names, 16%), and other onyms (10 names, 6%). As for the motivation, some renamed objects received their original historical names (14%), a part of them (12%) received new names, with the geographical and spatial location of the street being taken into account. Some street names refer to the activities of their inhabitants (8%), and some of them reflect the world-view and aesthetic preferences of their inhabitants (3%). The largest number of urbanonyms is dedicated to prominent figures of Ukrainian culture, science, art, national heroes, or representatives of other nationalities who are related to the development of the statehood of Ukraine and its capital (63%).
CS
Text se zabývá 177 názvy ulic, tříd a náměstí města Kyjeva přejmenovaných v období 2015–2017 v důsledku procesu dekomunizace. Představuje lexikální a sémantické charakteristiky urbanonym a odkrývá klíčové principy a motivy pojmenování u přejmenovaných objektů. Největší skupinu změněných urbanonym tvoří názvy založené na antroponymech (114 jmen, 64 %). Lexikální základy ostatních urbanonym jsou tvořeny apelativy (24 jmen, 14 %), toponymy, konkrétně oikonymy, hydronymy, mikrotoponymy (29 jmen, 16 %), a jinými onymy (10 jmen, 6 %). V některých případech byla objektům vrácena jejich historická jména (14 %), část z nich dostala nová jména vycházející z geografické a prostorové lokace ulice (12 %). Některé uliční názvy jsou obrazem aktivity obyvatel dané ulice (8 %) a některé reflektují jejich názorové a estetické preference (3 %). Největší počet urbanonym odkazuje k významným osobnostem ukrajinské kultury, vědy, umění, k národním hrdinům, představitelům jiných národností, kteří mají podíl na vzniku ukrajinské státnosti a hlavního města (63 %).
PL
Celem artykułu jest pokazanie przestrzeni Poznania we współczesnym kryminale ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem warstwy onimicznej (urbanonimów oraz antroponimów) oraz tego, jak nazwy wpływają na obraz miasta i jego mieszkańców wyłaniający się z kart powieści. W artykule analizie poddano pięć kryminałów czworga różnych autorów. Kryminalny Poznań przypomina rzeczywiste miasto, ale nie jest jego odwzorowaniem, a zastosowane nazwy zazwyczaj spełniają inne funkcje niż tylko lokalizacja w przestrzeni. Autorzy przedstawiają miasto jako przestrzeń tętniącą życiem, będącą czasami niezależnym bohaterem (jak u Ryszarda Ćwirleja), a czasami przede wszystkim tłem wydarzeń (w powieściach pozostałych autorów). Literacki Poznań wyróżnia także szereg nazw charakterystycznych, powtarzających się w powieściach, które wyróżniają miasto na tle innych metropolii.
EN
The aim of the article is to present Poznań's space in contemporary crime, with particular emphasis on the literary onomastics (urbanonyms and proper names) and show how names can influence the image of the city and its inhabitants. I have analyzed five detective stories which were written by four different authors. Literary city and the real one bear a lot of resemblance, but they are not the same. Urbanonyms and proper names used in novels usually perform different functions than just the location in space. The authors portray the city as a bustling, sometimes city is as important as the literary heroes (in Ryszard Ćwirlej's books), and sometimes it is just the background of the events (in the novels written by other authors). Literary Poznań also distinguishes a number of characteristic names, repeated in novels, which distinguish the city against the others.
Acta onomastica
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2023
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vol. 64
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issue 1
22-44
EN
This study is focused on changes in linguistic landscape (especially in urbanonyms) due to the Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022. It follows official and unofficial renaming of streets around the world in effort to show solidarity with Ukraine and its people. Official commemorative names have often the meaning ‘Free Ukraine’ (e.g. in Riga and Tirana), ‘Ukrainian Heroes’ (e.g. in Prague and Vilnius) etc. and are mostly located close to Russian embassies. Unofficial names given to streets by activists as a protest against the war are usually motivated by the name of the Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Street names derived from the adjective Russian, or from Russian toponyms are changed as well, however only unofficially (e.g. the sign with the name of Ruská ‘Russian Street’ in Prague was replaced with the sign containing the famous answer of the Ukrainian soldiers from Snake Island to the Russian warship).
PL
Artykuł traktuje o względach etycznych towarzyszących przemianowaniom urbanonimów wkontekście dekomunizacji. Skupiono się w nim na kilku kwestiach, dotyczących zwłaszcza uzasadniania zmian nazw ulic i placów, a także traktowania onimów jako nośników wartości, mogących służyć władzy i jej propagowaniu. Zwrócono ponadto uwagę na udział lokalnej społeczności w usuwaniu niepożądanych symboli komunistycznych. Ustalono, że naruszenie norm etycznych dotyczy: nieuwzględniania opinii środowisk lokalnych, zwłaszcza mieszkańców danej ulicy, w kwestii zmiany nazwy oraz wykorzystywania przez władzę swojej uprzywilejowanej w tym względzie pozycji, narzucania przez nią określonego światopoglądu i systemu wartości, a także posługiwania się nieprawdziwymi argumentami.
EN
This article deals with ethical considerations accompanying the reorganization of urbanonyms in the context of de-communization. It is focused on several issues, in particular concerning the justification of changes in the names of streets and squares, as well as the treatment of onyms as carriers of values that could serve the authority and its propagation. Attention was also paid to the participation of the local community in removing unwanted communist symbols. Based on the observations made, it was established that the violation of ethical norms concerns: disregarding the opinions of local communities, especially residents of a given street, regarding the change of name and the use of its privileged position by the authority, the imposition of a particular worldview and value system, and the use of untrue arguments.
Onomastica
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2018
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vol. 62
113-128
PL
Commemorative Names of Streets - A Deliberation on TerminologyThe author of this article carries out an analysis of the evolution of the term ‘commemorative names’ in the aspect of municipal onomastics. She primarily researches how the scope of this term has changed and which name groups have been included with that term. Moreover, she researches how the commemorative names themselves have changed. She concludes that the names of symbolic motivation that refer to cultural competencies of their users do not form a homogenous group, but they differ in genetic and motivational terms. Thus, four such groups may be identified: 1. commemorative names bearing real meaning, 2. conventional discretionary names (honorifying), 3. commemorative-discretionary names referring to local heroes, places and events, 4. names resulting from the broadly understood ‘cultural memory’, commemorating ideas, values, literary and movie characters, titles, Slavonic mythology and Polish legends, faith in its various dimensions, literary trends, artistic styles, art, etc. All four groups have their dual functions in common: deictic and cultural.
EN
The analysis examines naming practices in the field of urbanonymic regionalistics. In particular, naming preferences of the inhabitants of different areas are studied. There have been distinguished six motifs in naming objects, which may be: 1) named after someone or something, or their names may be: 2) landmark-related 3) property-related 4) desire-related 5) tradition-related 6)fashion-related, the first three being most prevalent. Beginning with 19th century, a growing interest in naming objects after persons may be regarded as a result of the global tendency to increase the role of specific historical individuals, spreading personal freedoms on all spheres of life, including naming activities. The characteristics of quantity and quality listed in the motifs in use during 16th–20th centuries are explained largely by objectives and cultural potential of the region and the individuals after whom something is named themselves rather than by the time interval.
EN
The UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage strongly emphasises the role of oral tradition. However, among the  elements of intangible heritage which it mentioned, toponyms– names of historic, cultural and topographic/natural content – were omitted. This does not mean that they are not under protection. Place names and urbanonyms deserve attention of cultural anthropologists, historians and museologists, not only as research objects, but also as historical sources requiring the same care as other monuments.In the article I concentrate on the names of Toruń, a city included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and the names of several villages near Toruń. This choice is aimed at presenting the problem of protecting historic names, the necessity of restoring the names eradicated from terminology and assigning toponyms used in colloquial speech.My reflections are the result of research carried out as part of my work in the Ethnographic Museum in Toruń. It is based on interaction with members of the local community, activists of local organisations and officials. The experiences gained from these contacts prove that the awareness of the value of historic place names and the knowledge of the law on the preservation of historic monuments are still very low. Hence the need for cultural anthropologists’ work. However, it should involve not only discovering toponyms and creating a catalogue of historic names, but also education, which can be provided in the dialogue with our interlocutors.
PL
W Konwencji UNESCO w sprawie ochrony niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego mocno podkreśla się rolę ustnego przekazu. Wśród wymienionych elementów niematerialnego dziedzictwa pominięto jednak toponimy – nazwy  o historycznych treściach, tak kulturowych, jak topograficzno-przyrodniczych. Nie  oznacza to jednak, że nie podlegają one ochronie. Nazwy terenowe i urbanonimy  zasługują na zainteresowanie antropologa kultury, historyka i muzealnika, nie  tylko jako obiekty badań, ale jako źródła historyczne wymagające takiej samej  troski, jak inne zabytki. W artykule zwracam uwagę na nazwy Torunia, miasta wpisanego na Listę Światowego Dziedzictwa Kulturowego i Naturalnego UNESCO, oraz na nazwy kilku  podtoruńskich wsi. Wybór ten ma na celu wskazanie na potrzebę ochrony nazw  zabytkowych, a także na konieczność przywrócenia nazw wyrugowanych z nomenklatury oraz powołania toponimów funkcjonujących w mowie potocznej. Moje refleksje są wynikiem badań, jakie prowadzę w ramach pracy w Muzeum Etnograficznym w Toruniu. Mają one charakter interakcji z miejscową społecznością,   działaczami lokalnych towarzystw i urzędnikami. Doświadczenia wyniesione z tych  kontaktów dowodzą, że świadomość wartości historycznej nazw miejscowych  oraz znajomość prawa o ochronie zabytków są u nas wciąż bardzo niskie. Stąd  i potrzeba działań antropologów kultury. Nie chodzi jednak tylko o odkrywanie  toponimów i tworzenie katalogu nazw zabytkowych, ale o edukację, którą możemy  prowadzić w dialogu z naszymi rozmówcami.
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58%
EN
The research of bilingual urbanonyms (names of streets) brings interesting findings not only from historical but also from linguistic point of view. The comparison between Czech and German urbanonyms, which in Prague were used simultaneously for several centuries, shows that Czech names were conveyed into two ways: on the basis of sound assimilation and translation. The linguistic analysis of the above mentioned urbanonyms reveals orthographic, word-forming and lexical peculiarities and differences.
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