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EN
The article Minna Kollakowski – wierszopisarka z Węgoborka (głos w sprawie mazurskichkobiet-poetek) [Minna Kollakowski – A Poetess from Węgobork (A Voice on the Matter of MasurianWomen Poets)] discusses the issue of participation of female authors in the creation of Masurianliterature. The beginning of their involvement with the local newspapers (mostly calendars) maybe traced back to the late 19th and early 20th century. The analysis of their poetry points to the factthey conformed to the same norms of literary expression, concerning genres, themes, versificationand protestant spirituality, as male authors. This rule can be observed in the works of MinnaKollakowski. The development of Masurian literature was not possible because of the disappearanceof the Polish language from Masuria.
EN
The article discusses the Polish translation (2018) of Goliarda Sapienza’s novel L’arte della gioia (The Art of Joy, in Polish Sztuka radości, trans. by Tomasz Kwiecień) in relation to the selected works of Inga Iwasiów and Sylwia Zientek. Anarchism, which provides the ideological background of the Italian book, serves as the basic point of reference for this interpretation. The author points to the issues from Sapienza’s novel which are important from the perspective of anarchism and which can also be found in the Polish texts mentioned in the article. The aim of this analysis is to discuss the context in which The Art of Joy functions in Poland and to suggest the possible lines of interpretation that can be drawn between this novel and contemporary Polish literature.
EN
The paper is initiated by a brief outline of the development of women’s literature in the ex-“East European” countries since 1989. Then it turns to feminist literary theory tracking two different periods of its reception by, and adaption to, literary criticism in post-communist academic research. The concepts of women’s generations and women’s literary canon, vital for the western tradition of gynocriticism, are closely analyzed in line with their relevance to present-day women’s literature in post-communist culture. The paper ends with a presentation of a threefold model of the prospective to speak of women’s literature imbedded in, or in counter stance to, the traditional literary canon.
EN
In so-called “crisis novels” that appeared in Spain following the economic collapse of 2008, the city comes to represent not only the scene of the explicit dramatic situations of the characters (poverty, precarity, unemployment, evictions, homelessness, occupy movement, street protests, or gaps in social services) but also the imagery of decay and conflict. The city comes across as an uncomfortable space, characterised by inhospitable peripheries and abandoned constructions, which is consonant with the sense of helplessness and extreme loneliness of the protagonists. However, in contrast to the paralysis and the nervous breakdown evident in La trabajadora (2014) by Elvira Navarro (alienating perspective), Cristina Morales’s Lectura fácil (2018) represents the urban space as a battlefield that leads to the awareness-raising and the politicization of the experience of a crisis (revolutionary perspective). Both novels, focused on “the right to housing”, come to reveal a great deal of indignation and protest against the neo-liberal policies and the contemporary capitalist city, responsible for exclusion and inequality. Their demands coincide with the political proposal of “the right to the city” (Lefebvre, 1968; Harvey 2013), which raises the possibility of living a worthy life in the city, with an equitable distribution of resources and respect for different sensitivities.
EN
The article, which aims to analyze the world of women in the prose works of the contemporary Polish writer, falls within the scope of sociological studies of female artists. The author presents the artist, who is still little known to a wide audience – Liliana Hermetz, who debuted in 2014 with the book Alicyjka (the nationwide Conrad award for 2015). Hermetz shows the intimate world of women’s experiences, the courage and sensitivity of women experiencing traumas in life and everyday problems. It turns out that micro-matters, “bustle”, which was usually considered an unimportant subject, too trivial for literature, can be an interesting theme in artistic creativity. Hermetz shows women against the background of history that determines their fate, but at the same time catalyzes their strength, struggle for subjectivity and dignity.
PL
Artykuł, którego tematem jest świat kobiet w twórczości prozatorskiej współczesnej polskiej pisarki, mieści się w zakresie socjologicznych studiów nad artystkami. Autorka przedstawia mało jeszcze znaną szerokiemu gronu czytelników twórczynię – Lilianę Hermetz, która zadebiutowała w 2014 roku książką Alicyjka (ogólnopolska nagroda Conrada za rok 2015). Hermetz pokazuje intymny świat kobiecych przeżyć, odwagę i wrażliwość kobiet doświadczających traum życia i codziennych problemów. Okazuje się, że mikrosprawy, „krzątactwo”, które z reguły uważane było za temat nieważny, zbyt błahy dla literatury, może stanowić interesujący motyw twórczości artystycznej. Kobiety w powieściach artystki ukazane są na tle historii, która determinuje ich losy, ale jednocześnie katalizuje ich siłę, walkę o podmiotowość i godność.
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EN
The article concerns the relationships between terms, frequent in Polish literary criticism, such as “women’s literature”, “women’s press”, “women’s writing”, “literature written by women” and ”Feminist literature”. The author discusses three research books that have been published recently in which slightly different categories have been applied and which, at the same time, focus on the female element of cultural texts. In addition, the author points at multiple tendencies, frequently dissimilar and distinct, in the approach to the relationship between gender and the text. At the same time the author emphasizes a certain disposition manifested by researchers to employ the gender category to judge literary works. Hence, it seems to be quite justified to reopen the Jy women to show them in a new light. The same applies to the surrounding discussions on relevant titles - just as it is the case with publications by Joanna Krajewska, Jerzy Strzelczyk and Kamilla Łozowska-Marcinkowska.
PL
Przyznanie Szwajcarkom praw wyborczych w roku 1971 oraz wprowadzenie równouprawnienia we wszystkich dziedzinach życia wpłynęło bezpośrednio na zmianę form i tematów literatury tworzonej przez pisarki szwajcarskie. Jednym z często podejmowanych przez nie tematów jest relacja między matką a córką. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje przy tym fakt, iż córki w analizowanych tekstach szwajcarskich autorek nie dążą do zerwania więzi z matką, natomiast matki odwracają się od czynności opiekuńczych względem swych córek i podejmują próbę istnienia poza przypisaną im przez porządek patriarchalny „funkcją” matki. W artykule podjęto próbę zbadania i interpretacji owych nowych, odbiegających od obiegowych wyobrażeń pozycji matki i córki w ich wzajemnej konstelacji w świetle teorii écriture féminine.
EN
Granting of suffrage to Swiss women in 1971 and the introduction of equal rights for women and men in all spheres of life directly influenced the change of forms and topics of literature written by Swiss women writers. One of the topics often chosen by them is the relation between mother and daughter. It is noteworthy that the daughters in the analysed texts by the Swiss authors do not strive to sever the bond with their mothers while the mothers renounce taking care of their daughters and try to exist beyond the ‘function’ of mother assigned to them by the patriarchal order. The paper is an attempt to analyse and interpret these new positions of mothers and daughters with their constellations contrary to the widespread beliefs in the light of the écriture féminine theory.
EN
Barbara Honigmann (born in 1945 in Berlin) is a German writer of Jewish origin. Her literary works often include autobiographical elements. Among the novels in which the writer combines the autobiographical reflections with an imagined reality, there are: “Roman von einem Kinde” (1986), “Eine Liebe aus nichts” (1991), “Soharas Reise” (1996), “Alles, alles Liebe” (2003), “Ein Kapitel aus meinem Leben” (2004), and “Bilder von A” (2001). The words spoken by the author’s parents: “We are Jews; we belong to German culture, but we are not Germans”, inspired Honigmann to take a closer look at her own identity. The writer noticed the growing disagreement in Germany between the inhabitants of Jewish origin and Germans, and because of that tendency she left East Germany in 1984 and, together with her family, emigrated to Strasbourg, where she still lives today as “a German among Jews”.
PL
Barbara Honigmann (ur. 1945 w Berlinie) jest niemiecką pisarką pochodzenia żydowskiego. W jej utworach zauważalne są często elementy autobiograficzne. Do takich powieści, w których pisarka łączy autobiograficzne refleksje z wyimaginowaną rzeczywistością, należą: Roman von einem Kinde (1986), Eine Liebe aus nichts (1991), Soharas Reise (1996), Alles, alles Liebe (2003), Ein Kapitel aus meinem Leben (2004) czy też Bilder von A (2001). Słowa wypowiedziane przez rodziców autorki: ,,Jesteśmy Żydami, należymy wprawdzie do niemieckiej kultury, ale nie jesteśmy Niemcami” stanowiły dla Honigmann bodziec do bliższego spojrzenia na własną tożsamość. Pisarka dostrzegała w Niemczech narastający brak porozumienia pomiędzy ludnością pochodzenia żydowskiego a Niemcami i z tego powodu opuściła w roku 1984 wraz z rodziną NRD emigrując do Strasburga, gdzie do dziś mieszka jako ,,Niemka pomiędzy Żydami”.
EN
The paper is an attempt at tracing the relations between the title categories of Kobieta – Historia – Literatura [Woman – History – Literature]. While concentrating on female writing, the researcher finds there the issues which have not been yet analysed, for example the feminist perspective of Wisława Szymborska’s poetry in her understanding of history; the question of identity, sexuality, corporality in the texts of postwar and contemporary female immigrant writers; politics of gender roles and stereotypes in (literary and non-literary) descriptions of Holocaust; and finally, the spatial determination of the female writers’ (Pola Gojawiczyńska) narratives about the history of postwar Warsaw. However, the most significant purpose of this article is to present diverse literary contexts which make it possible to tell “grand history”/“grand narrative” with the use of various strategies of narration created by women or placing a female figure (”feminity”) inside it.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2023
|
vol. 114
|
issue 1
149-161
PL
W artykule omówiony został temat antropologii dźwięków, która bada zjawiska usytuowane tuż pomiędzy główną narracją dźwiękową wytwarzaną przez kulturę a antropologicznymi doświadczeniami człowieka – jego biologią, fizjologią i mechaniką. Dźwięk, jako przejaw zachowania – wydarzenie dźwiękowe, staje się częścią określonego nurtu zachowań, działań społecznych, które stanowią odzwierciedlenie różnorodnych form kulturowych skupionych wokół rozmaitych aspektów doświadczania rzeczywistości przez człowieka i jego relacji z otaczającym światem, wyrażanych poprzez wzory zachowań, nawyki i zwyczaje, tradycje i rytuały, odzwierciedlane przez normy i standardy społeczne, związane z doświadczaniem cielesności (intymności, seksualności, higieny, choroby, śmierci itp.), emocji, zmysłowości itp. Cielesność dźwięku zanurzonego w tekście, z jednej strony, wpisuje się w perspektywę badawczą somatopoetyki, z drugiej zaś – sięga po narzędzia wywodzące się z badań nad muzycznością literatury. Na przykładzie rozwiązań współczesnej prozy polskiej, szczególnie przykładów literatury kobiecej, w artykule starano się pokazać, jak dźwięk, będąc doświadczeniem ściśle somatycznym, staje się nośnikiem znaczeń kulturowych, elementem kodu: nie tyle dźwiękiem, co gestem semantycznym, interpretującym różne zjawiska istniejące w konkretnej kulturze.
EN
Studies in anthropology of sounds is conveniently situated between the main sound narration produced by culture and anthropological experiences of a man: her/his biology, physiology, and mechanics. A sound, as a manifestation of behaviour―a sound event, becomes a part of a particular stream of behaviour and social activities all of which reflect a variety of cultural forms focused around diverse aspects of experiencing reality by a man and her/his relationship with the surrounding world expressed through behaviour patterns, habits and customs, traditions and rituals, reflected by social norms and standards, related to experiencing corporality (intimacy, sexuality, hygiene, illness, death, etc.), emotions, sensuality, etc. Sound corporality immersed in the text, on the one hand, is a part of the research perspective of somatopoetics and, on the other hand, it reaches for tools derived from the study of musicality of literature. As based on the example of solutions of contemporary Polish prose, the article tries to show how sound, as a strictly somatic experience, becomes a carrier of cultural meanings, an element of the code: not so much a sound, but a semantic gesture interpreting various phenomena existing in a given culture.
EN
For the last two decades, especially since the 2008 economic crisis, there has been a notable increase in literary works exploring social, political and economic themes in Spain. The growing number of “crisis novels” has reignited the debate about the political role of literature and its ability to challenge and modify existing social models. This article seeks to highlight the female perspective within this discussion.The aim of my analysis of the five novels written by contemporary Spanish female authors (Belén Gopegui, Cristina Fallarás, Cristina Morales, Elvira Navarro and Marta Sanz) and published between 2007 and 2018 is to expose the distinctive female experience as represented in the literature, where it often turns into undermining the system. If women’s literary practice takes the form of political intervention, it is not just because of the collapse of the fundamental trust in the state and its institutions, but mainly due to the shifts in the distribution of the sensible, as we tend to understand the politics of literature after Jacques Rancière.
EN
In today’s global world, the urban/ rural opposition is increasingly becoming a more relevant marker of the acculturation of foreigners whose adoption of national values is reflected by the spaces they inhabit. As they bring with them traditions related to the healing and balancing forces of the earth, immigrants prompt a reconsideration of the urban/ rural dichotomy in the metropolitan spaces they come to inhabit. Rural landscape in American culture has a long tradition of acting as a source of an alternative symbolic imaginary, responsible for boosting people’s feelings of patriotic commitment that are crucial to national integration. Diasporic American fiction has increasingly combined this tradition with symbolic magic and natural elements brought over from the “other” cultural backgrounds their authors come from. This paper aims to study the socio-political negotiations in a few instances of cultural translation within the urban/ rural dialectic in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s novels The Mistress of Spices and Queen of Dreams. I will suggest that Divakaruni’s female protagonists work their initial experience of dislocation into a discourse of nature and the earth free from boundaries, based on a rejection of urban alienation and the discovery of the reconciliatory potential of America’s nature.
EN
The article is devoted to an analysis of the works of women writers from Central Ukraine during the 1920s and 1930s from the point of view of their cultural identification in the new Soviet reality. Currently, most of these women authors are unexplored and exist outside the literary canon. Feminist, cultural and sociological studies provide the theoretical framework for the article. The aim of the research is to find out how women’s literature from that time was positioned in the cultural and political space and the literary hierarchy. We distinguish three groups of women writers based on a study of their aesthetic basis and ideological beliefs, – Ukrainian writers, Proletarian writers, and Soviet writers. The first group was characterized by an appeal to modernist aesthetics and national issues. The work of the second group was inspired by proletarian aesthetics, themes of revolutionary struggle and women’s experience of various social groups. The work of the third group was based on the method of socialist realism, the theme of building a new Soviet reality, and the search for the place and role of women in the historical context.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie twórczości pisarek centralnej Ukrainy w latach 20. i 30. XX wieku pod kątem ich identyfikacji kulturowej we współczesnej rzeczywistości sowieckiej. Twórczość większości autorów jest obecnie niezbadana i sytuuje się poza kanonem literackim. Teoretyczną ramą artykułu stały się studia feministyczne, kulturowe i socjologiczne. Celem badań jest ustalenie, w jaki sposób ówczesna literatura kobieca sytuowała się w przestrzeni kulturowej i politycznej oraz hierarchii literackiej. Na kanwie badania podstaw estetycznych i przekonań ideologicznych autorek wyróżniam trzy grupy twórczyń – pisarki ukraińskie, pisarki proletariackie, pisarki radzieckie. Pierwsza grupa charakteryzowała się odwołaniem do estetyki modernistycznej i problematyki narodowej. Twórczość drugiej grupy inspirowana była estetyką proletariacką, tematami walki rewolucyjnej i doświadczeniem kobiet różnych grup społecznych. Praca trzeciej grupy opiera się na metodzie socrealizmu, idei budowania nowej sowieckiej rzeczywistości oraz poszukiwania miejsca i roli kobiet w kontekście historycznym.
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