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EN
The author of the article focuses on Polish writers that intentionally create their works simultaneously in Polish and in languages other than Polish, situating their creativity directly in European and world literature. She also discusses the case of bicultural authors whose creativity emanates from Polish culture but for whom Polish was only one of the languages they based their literature on. While listing such examples, the author considers the possibility of interpreting such works and placing them in the discourse of world literature.
EN
What is a classic? To what extent are books and book collections endangered goods? What is the role and meaning of literature and translation in times of hardship? In An Unnecessary Woman (2013), Rabih Alameddine addresses these questions, while also indirectly contesting traditional canonical practices based on rigid hierarchies and the logic of national and linguistic purity. Alameddine highlights the violence inscribed in the practices of book selection and canon formation. In doing so, he troubles received notions of the canon, the classics, and especially of world literature, offering an alternative conceptualization of this long-debated category as an intimate, cosmopolitan assemblage of worldly texts.
EN
Izabela Poręba in the paper Vis-à-vis pamięci narodu. Miasto postkolonialne – rekapitulacja stanowisk (Vis-à-vis the Memory of the Nation. Postcolonial City – Recapitulation) presents different ways of understanding the term “postcolonial city”. She analyses in this scope identity representations in urban spatial, ethical reservations considering adopting modal framework which was mentioned and relations between centre and periphery – designated due a to two-fold reference (inside and outside a country), which is distinctive for ex-colonial cities (and their inhabitants). Definitions of “postcolonial city” by Nausheen H. Anwar, Bill Ashcroft, Katie Beswick, Maya Parmar, Esha Sil, A.D. King, Agata Lisiak and David Simon discussed in the chapter allow to capture problematic nature of the term itself and its concretization as well. This problematic nature is one of founder stones of discursive marginality of urban themes compered to rural areas analysis. The author points out, recalling works by Irena Bukowska-Floreńska parallelism in the history of Polish ethnological studies, in which direct turn towards urban themes may be dated only in the second half of XX century. The aim of the chapter is to explain reasons of this disproportion in the field of postcolonial studies. The author recalls discourses concerning cities in methodological frame of postcolonialism and research findings from ethnology, anthropology (especially of the city), cultural theory and social-economic geography (human geography) and therefore extracts three arguments explaining the disproportion between city and nonurban areas analysis: 1) ethical assumptions connected with postcolonial methodology itself; 2) cognitive mistakes, which are leading to misbelief that there is not enough research material regarding cities in the countries of so called Third World (belief about their non-urbanization); and 3) distance from the position of recognition of a city as a “microcosm of the society” (signalized as the generalizing structure by Manuel Castells and Kacper Pobłocki). The author suggests twofold procedure in connection with depicted category: departure from theorizing about abstractive “postcolonial city” sui generis and at the meanwhile focusing our attention on urban themes in postcolonial studies at the level of praxis, for e.g. on analysis of specific, historically and geographically concretized spaces or literary transformations of these places.
EN
Word and music studies, which in recent years have been gaining more and more atten-tion, still remain a source of a never-ending discussion on ‘the method’ and ‘the manner of speaking’ about the manifestations of a work of music, which, put within the frames of a literary medium, exist only in the rhetorical sense, thus leading to an individual and subjective interpretation of a musical scheme. Sirens, the eleventh episode of James Joyce’s Ulysses, which was not so far analysed in the intermedial context in Poland, in-vites to a musico-literary reading — not only due to the author’s explicit hints but also the tracks in the text itself which cannot be ignored by a scholar (the sound level of the text, the presence of music within the thematic scheme, the author’s confirmation of the fugitive form of Sirens). Instead of asking whether Joyce managed to create a literary equivalent of musical fugue (which would be absurd due to the semiologic aspect), I focus on tropes employed by Joyce to blur the borderlines between literature and mu-sic. When is it justified to use musical metaphors with respect to narratives? An over-view of the western discussion over Sirens serves as a point of departure to reflect on essential issues concerning the musicalisation of fiction as such.
EN
The article is an attempt of a comparative theoretical reflection on melancholy, showing how this theme exists in the literature of different nations. The considerations were included in the form of “excerpts” on the model of the Czeslaw Milosz’s work Excerpts from Useful Tomes. Each excerpt is preceded by a brief interpretive-informing comment, which just throws light on the text and gives voice to the poems themselves. Due to the specifics of this form of expression, only poetic texts were included in the area of research. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the omnipresence of melancholy and show different varieties of melancholy writing taking into account the convergences and divergences in the poetic representations of this theme in the world literature.
PL
Thanks to the work of Pascale Casanova, Franco Moretti, David Damrosch and many others, over the past two decades, the concept of world literature has once again become the subject of thorough examination within the field of literary studies, especially in relation to cosmopolitanism and globalization. When it comes to the study of individual national literatures and specific regional contexts, as well as to the definition of comparative literature as a discipline, debates regarding its background, its reach and limitations could not be ignored. World literature thus appears as a heterogenous entity – always manifesting in different contexts in different forms – consistently in dialogical exchange with specificities of a particular literature and culture. Instead of discussing the problematic relation between centre and periphery or criticizing the idea of global literary and cultural canon, the avant-garde as an international and global phenomenon that appears even more radically on the so-called periphery is what is of primary interest to me. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that avant-garde (in its various forms and radical expressions) simultaneously challenges art as an institution and introduces the idea of a decentred geography of world literature.
EN
The article attempts to perform a comparative study of the phenomenon of the so-called linguistic switch, i.e., a change of languages in which the writer creates his/her works. One side of the analysis focuses on nineteenth-century Lithuanian poets, represented mainly by Antanas Baranauskas, and the other on the contemporary Kenyan prose writer Ngu˜g˜ wa Thiong’o. The juxtaposition of ı such extremely distant authors: 1. allows a better understanding of the specificity of multilingualism in both eighteenth-century Lithuanian literature and contemporary fiction; 2. proves once again the universality of postcolonial sensitivity; 3. constitutes an attempt at comparative thinking in the context of world literature.
EN
In the interwar period (1918–1939), prior to the development of the comparative literature discipline, the most important Polish authors would be included in the canon of world literature in studies published in Hungary. Mihály Babits’s great synthesis, Az európai irodalom története [History of European Literature], only includes the names of Adam Mickiewicz and Henryk Sienkiewicz (without stating the titles of their works), because Babits divided the individual national literatures into “major” and “minor” ones, and considered both Polish and Hungarian literature to belong to the latter group. In turn, Antal Szerb, author of the still popular A világirodalom története [History of World Literature], described Polish Romanticism competently in a separate subsection and provided a brief summary of the earlier periods. In his opinion, Polish and Hungarian literature developed parallel to each other, and during the Renaissance both literatures produced poetry at the highest level in the respective national languages. The researcher was convinced that not only were certain periods and individual authors “astonishingly similar”, but that the entire history of both literatures was built on similar principles. In the following decades, data was collected on Polish-Hungarian contacts, focusing on reception and imagology. Factual material was collected confirming Polish-Hungarian literary contacts in the spirit of positivist literary science. Thanks to Endre Bojtár’s many years of systematic work, Central European comparative literature established itself at the Institute for Literary Studies of Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Bojtár contributed to a paradigm shift, with a new category of Central European literature emerging between world literature and Hungarian literature. Another researcher, György Spiró, also worked in the field of regional comparative literature, and compiled a history of drama “from the Enlightenment to Wyspiański’s synthesis”. Not so long ago, in the 1980s, leading Hungarian prose writers such as Péter Esterházy and Péter Nádas, avidly read and commented on the works of Witold Gombrowicz, among others, but subsequent generations lost contact with Polish literature.
PL
W dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym, zanim rozwinęła się komparatystyka literacka, najważniejsi polscy pisarze byli ujmowani na Węgrzech w ramach kanonu literatury światowej. W wielkiej syntezie Mihálya Babitsa pt. Az europai irodalom története [Historia literatury europejskiej] znajdziemy tylko nazwiska Adama Mickiewicza i Henryka Sienkiewicza (bez tytułów ich utworów), bo Babits dzieli literatury poszczególnych narodów na „wielkie” i „małe”, a te ostatnie ma reprezentować literatura tak polska, jak i węgierska. Autor nadal popularnej A világirodalom története [Historia literatury światowej], Antal Szerb, w osobnym podrozdziale kompetentnie scharakteryzował romantyzm polski i krótko podsumował epoki wcześniejsze. Jego zdaniem rozwój iteratury polskiej i węgierskiej jest paralelny. W epoce odrodzenia w obu krajach powstaje poezja w języku narodowym na najwyższym poziomie.Szerbchwali psalmy Jana Kochanowskiego i Bálinta Balassiego, zwraca uwagę na postać Adama Czahrowskiego, który odegrał ważną rolę w polsko-węgierskich kontaktach literackich. Autor podsunął kilka interesujących pomysłów do badań komparatystycznych. Warto byłoby np. porównać Mikołaja Doświadczyńskiego przypadki Ignacego Krasickiego z Tarimenes utazása [Podróż Tarimenesa] Györgya Bessenyeigeo. Był przekonany nie tylko o tym, że pewne epoki i poszczególni twórcy są „zdumiewająco podobni”, lecz także o tym, że cała historia obu literatur jest budowana na podobnych zasadach. Z kolei w następnych dekadach zbierano materiał faktograficzny i dane dotyczące polsko-węgierskich kontaktów literackich w duchu pozytywistycznej nauki o literaturze oraz skupiano się na recepcji i imagologii. Dzięki wieloletniej i systematycznej pracy Endre Bojtára powstała w Instytucie Badań Literackich Węgierskiej Akademii Nauk (WAN) komparatystyka środkowoeuropejska. Badacz przyczynił się do zmiany paradygmatu: między literaturą światową a węgierską pojawiła się nowa kategoria – Europa Środkowa. Profesor Bojtár nauczył się kilku języków regionu (obok słowiańskich także bałtyckich). Napisał monografie o środkowo-wschodnioeuropejskiej awangardzie, a następnie o oświeceniu i romantyzmie w literaturach regionu. Również György Spiró zajmował się komparatystyką regionalną. Opracował historię dramatu „od oświecenia do syntezy Wyspiańskiego”, która po transformacji ustrojowej jednak straciła na znaczeniu, a większość historyków literatury wróciła do komparatystyki bilateralnej. W latach 80. czołowi prozaicy węgierscy, tacy jak Péter Esterházy czy Péter Nádas, pilnie czytali i komentowali utwory m.in. Witolda Gombrowicza, natomiast młodsze pokolenie straciło kontakt z literaturą polską.
EN
Texts classified as travel literature remain underused material in the teaching of world literature, as well as within Polish studies. This article attempts to rectify this by formulating an original teaching proposal. It is intended to help construct curricula for future courses on world literature in Polish studies. In terms of genre, the proposal is based on the use of a wide range of foreign travel writing originating in different cultural environments and historical periods, and representing various literary genres. With reference to teaching methods, this proposal is based on the simultaneous and coordinated use of two modern teaching techniques: presenting students with tasks requiring creative thinking and with open-ended problems intended to provoke intellectual effort. Student activity, supervised by the teacher, thus becomes one of the main objectives of the class. The form of teaching that is most conducive to the realisation of this teaching proposal is a conversation-based class and lecture. Both facilitate effective, multi-vectorial intellectual interaction and team work.
PL
Teksty zaliczane do literatury podróżniczej pozostają materiałem niedostatecznie wykorzystywanym w dydaktyce literatury światowej, a także w obrębie studiów polonistycznych. Niniejszy artykuł stara się wyjść naprzeciw takiemu stanowi rzeczy, formułując autorską propozycję dydaktyczną. W zamierzeniu ma ona pomóc w konstruowaniu programów przyszłych kursów literatury światowej na studiach polonistycznych. W planie genologicznym bazuje ona na wykorzystaniu szerokiej gamy zagranicznych utworów podróżopisarskich, pochodzących z różnych kręgów kulturowych i odmiennych epok historycznoliterackich oraz reprezentujących rozmaite gatunki literackie. Z kolei w planie wykonawczym jej istota dydaktyczna bazuje na jednoczesnym i skoordynowanym wykorzystaniu dwóch nowoczesnych technik nauczania: sformułowaniu zadań o charakterze kreacyjnym oraz na postawieniu otwartych pytań o charakterze problemowym, mających sprowokować studentów do wysiłku intelektualnego. Aktywność studentów staje się dzięki temu jednym z głównych celów zajęć dydaktycznych, prowadzonych przez nauczyciela kontrolującego całość tak sprofilowanego procesu dydaktycznego. Formą nauczania najbardziej sprzyjającą realizacji tej idei dydaktycznej staje się zaś konwersatorium lub wykład konwersatoryjny, które ułatwiają efektywną, wielowektorową interakcję intelektualną i współpracę zespołową.
PL
The study analyzes the relation between religion and art in the world, and in Slovak modernist literature. It also examines religion and art from the point of view of its scholarly reception in the context of European literature. It builds on the division of artists of religious orientation based on Bernhard Rang’s two types:a) Claudelian and b) Green-ian. A part of the study provides new insights into Slovak literary modernism. Despite the expectation that modernism would exclude Christian works of literature, the opposite happened:modernism tested Christian works of art and emphasized their ability to capture the subtle aspects of human existence. In this way, a weakness of modernism was exposed: its degenerative function when it focuses only on material aspects. A historical overview has shown that Slovak intellectuals were used to living in an alternative cultural environment and nurturing an alternative culture. This experience proved useful to them in the 20th century, particularly after 1945. During communist rule, the underground church played a major role in Poland and in Slovakia. In Slovakia, Catholic dissidents were of great importance to the developments that led to theVelvet Revolution in November 1989.
EN
The article discusses the research proposal presented in Światowa historia literatury polskiej. Interpretacje [World History of Polish Literature. Interpretations], edited by Magdalena Popiel, Tomasz Bilczewski and Stanley Bill. Mikołajczak contrasts the research concept of world literature with the dominant approaches to the world literature in the area of contemporary literary studies and the traditional model of the history of literature. She reflects on the situation of Polish literature in the world, taking into account the ways in which Polish works circulate in other cultural circles, the possibilities and limitations of translation as well as shifts within the canon. She also indicates the opportunities that open up for Polish literature in the global context.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje rozważania dotyczące zajęć z literatury światowej na filologii germańskiej. Wskazuje się w nim na korzyści płynące z rewitalizacji tego przedmiotu w germanistycznej dydaktyce. Stanowiąc wyłącznie kadłubową i otwartą wobec dyskusji propozycję, tekst porusza ponadto niektóre istotne kwestie praktyczne dotyczące formalnego i treściowego ukształtowania kursu literatury światowej w ramach studiów germanistycznych.
EN
Cyprus issue is an important part of Turkish foreign policy concept as an element of imperial politics remain after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Today, the Cyprus problem engage Turkey, the European Union the United States and the global community. Policy towards Cyprus is only part of Ankara's relations with Brussels, which cover a wide range of economic, political and security issues. Cyprus problem is a direct factor in bilateral relations and determines the dynamics of progress in Turkey's accession negotiations, is also a cause of diplomatic strategy, which established the crucial problem in the relations between Turkey and the European Union. The case of Cyprus showed a real limits of partnership relations between Muslim, authoritarian Turkey and liberal, Christian Europe.
EN
Taking its cue from recent scholarship de-linking the idea of “modernity” from the idea of “the West”, this article advocates the notion of “world literature” as the body of literature that has, in the last 150 to 200 years, registered and encoded the social logic of modernity. Building on Franco Moretti’s postulation of a single world-literary system (structured not merely by difference but also by inequality) and on the theoretical work of Fredric Jameson, the article traces some of the ways in which the local detail of peripheral modernity is represented in literary texts by Thomas Mofolo, Patrick Chamoiseau, Lao She, Rohinton Mistry, Ivan Vladislavić and others, demonstrating that there is no necessary contradiction between the ideas of the “universal” and the “local” or the “national”, but that, on the contrary, there are only local universalisms (and, for that matter, only “local cosmopolitanisms”), which it becomes the task of readers to situate as completely as they can.
PL
Wyciagając wnioski z ostatnich badań, oddzielających ideę „nowoczesności” od idei „Zachodu”, artykuł broni pojęcia „literatury światowej” jako korpusu, który w ciągu ostatnich 150–200 lat, rejestrował i deszyfrował społeczną logikę nowoczesności. Artykuł, oparty o postulat Franco Morettiego, dotyczący pojedynczego systemu literatury światowej (którego struktura bazuje nie tylko na różnicy, ale również na nierówności) i na teoretycznych pracach Fredrica Jamesona, wskazuje kilka sposobów, w jakich lokalna specyfika peryferyjnej nowoczesności jest reprezentowana w tekstach literackich Thomasa Mofoli, Paricka Chamoiseau, Lao She, Rohintona Mistry'ego, Ivana Vladislavicia i innych, ukazując, że nie istnieje konieczna sprzeczność pomiędzy ideami tego, co „uniwersalne” i „lokalne” lub „narodowe”, ale że – przeciwnie – istnieją jedynie lokalne uniwersalizmy (i dlatego „lokalne kosmopolityzmy”), zaś do czytelników należy ich możliwie dokładne usytuowanie.
Glottodidactica
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2015
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vol. 42
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issue 2
153-167
DE
Goethe’s Faust was long defined in Germany as an established part of literature lessons and as a part of canon, but a paradigm change in didactics and in literature science has challenged both. This essay takes a brief look at history of German-literature-lessons and at different methods of teaching and reading literature, especially Goethe’s Faust – analytical, productive and creative. It gives a survey about children’s books to Faust, comics and summaries and demonstrates the correlation between knowledge and reading comprehension.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do twórczości krytycznej Maksa Herrmanna-Neißego. Postrzeganie krytyki Herrmanna-Neißego ma swoje źródło w teorii krytyki Afreda Kerra, który w krytyce widział czwarty gatunek literacki, równorzędny z liryką, epiką i dramatem i interpretował ją jako metaliteraturę. W swojej praktyce jako recenzent Herrmann-Neiße szkicuje historię literatury swojej epoki, sytuując literaturę regionalną, a zatem śląską, jak również literature Europy Zachodniej i Wschodniej w kontekście literatury światowej. Kritiken und Essays (1909–1939) to znaczące archiwum piśmiennictwa z obszaru historii kultury przygotowywane jest obecnie do edycji w wersji drukowanej i do opatrzonej komentarzem krytycznej edycji w wersji cyfrowej i adresowane jest zarówno do kręgów akademickich jak i do szrokiego kręgu czytelniczego.  
EN
The essay is an introduction to the critical work of Max Herrmann-Neiße. He follows Alfred Kerr’s theory of criticism as a fourth genre equal in status to poetry, prose and drama, and understands criticism as metaliterature. Through Herrmann-Neiße’s practice as a critic, he develops a history of contemporary literature, which positions regional literature such as Silesian and Western and Eastern European literature in the context of world literature. The critical, annotated, analogue and digital edition of the Kritiken und Essays (1909–1939) exploits this important archive of cultural history for scientific and common uses.  
DE
Der Beitrag führt in das umfangreiche kritische Werk Max Herrmann-Neißes ein. Sein Kritikverständnis schließt an Alfred Kerrs Definition der Kritik als vierte Gattung neben Lyrik, Epik und Dramatik an und begreift Kritik als Metaliteratur. Herrmann-Neiße entwirft als Kritiker eine Literaturgeschichte seiner Zeit, die neben regionalen Literaturen wie der schlesischen west- und osteuropäische Literaturen im Kontext von Weltliteratur verortet. Dieses bedeutende Archiv einer historischen Kulturgeschichtsschreibung wird durch die analoge und digitale kritische, kommentierte Edition seiner Kritiken und Essays (1909–1939) gerade für den wissenschaftlichen und allgemeinen Gebrauch erschlossen.  
16
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Prevod in svetovna književnost

51%
SL
Znotraj nacionalnih literarnih sistemov je bila prevodna literatura v primerjavi z izvirno ustvarjalnostjo tradicionalno dojeta kot drugorazredna, čeprav so prav prevodi v te sisteme vnašali najbolj reprezentativna dela svetovne književnosti (Eysteinsson). Ne glede na to, ali svetovno književnost razumemo kot vsoto literatur v jezikih sveta, kanon najboljših literarnih del človeštva ali globalni prostor medliterarnosti, je prevod zanjo konstitutiven. Domnevna univerzalnost svetovne književnosti se namreč v partikularne sisteme vpisuje variantno, predvsem prek perspektiv prevodov, ki so vodilna oblika medkulturnega obtoka literarnih del. Ker je z vidika kulturnega nacionalizma literatura v domačem knjižnem jeziku veljala za kronski dokaz narodne identitete in ustvarjalne samoniklosti, je bila vloga prevoda pogosto razvrednotena in zamejena v kulturno potrošnjo. V prvi polovici 19. stoletja sta kvaliteta in bogastvo prevodnega repertoarja vendarle postala tudi nekakšen mednarodni kriterij za vrednotenje dosežene kulturne ravni naroda in razvitosti njegovega knjižnega jezika. Že postpozitivistična komparativistika je prevod upoštevala kot pomembnega posrednika v mednarodnih literarnih stikih (npr. Ocvirk), a šele sodobna translatologija je refleksijo prevoda proti koncu 20. stoletja povzdignila v teorijo, s katero je utemeljila paradigmatske spremembe metod za obravnavo celotnega sklopa literature, tako v nacionalni kakor primerjalni literarni vedi (Bassnett, Even-Zohar). Na zvišanje vrednosti prevoda v literarni vedi na začetku 21. stoletja odločilno vpliva globalna renesansa Goethejeve Weltliteratur. Dobro desetletje za Ďurišinovo teorijo svetovnega literarnega sistema se z reinterpretacijami Goetheja razvija literarnovedna paradigma, ki skuša preseči nacionalne literarne zgodovine, primerjalno književnost in postkolonialno kritištvo (Lawall, Casanova, Moretti, Damrosch idr.). Toda prevod je bil ključna podlaga že za zgodovinsko genezo izvorne koncepcije Weltliteratur, s katero je Goethe hotel promovirati humanistični estetski kozmopolitizem, ustvarjalno revitalizirati nacionalne literature in uveljaviti nemško književnost kot novo žarišče mednarodnega literarnega življenja. Članek se posveča vprašanju, kako je bila izkušnja s prevodi vpletena v Goethejevi ideji obtoka in refleksije sebstva v drugem in kakšno reinterpretacijo so te koncepcije nedavno doživele pri Damroschu in Thomsenu. Goethe je z bralnim sopostavljanjem del iz evropskih in »orientalskih« književnosti, ki so mu bila dostopna v izvirnikih ali prevodih, motril svojo literarno-kulturno identiteto in odkrival nove plasti estetskega doživljanja. Prevod je nasploh vodilni modus transnacionalnega literarnega obtoka in medkulturnega dialoga, a tudi globalizacije zahodne geokulture in prevlade njenega estetskega diskurza. Prevod je namreč podvržen asimetrijam svetovnih sistemov ekonomije, jezikov, politike in literature. Dostop besedila do obtoka v svetovnem literarnem prostoru je odvisen tudi od tega, ali je bilo to delo ustvarjeno v katerem od »velikih« zahodnih jezikov oziroma ali je bilo v kak globalni jezik prevedeno.
EN
Compared to the original production within national literary systems, literary translations are traditionally regarded of lesser importance, although it is through translating that the representative works of world literature have been introduced into these very systems (Eysteinsson). The translation is constitutive of world literature, be it understood either as an aggregate of literatures expressed in all the languages of the globe, the canon of “eternal” artworks of humankind, or as the global space of inter-literary relations. The presumed universality of world literature is always already inscribed in particular literary systems through different variants and perspectives articulated by translations, the latter representing the most prominent form of cross -cultural circulation of literature. Since cultural nationalism saw literature in the standard mother tongue as the pillar of national identity and the main evidence of the nation’s creative originality, literary translations were often discarded as mere derivatives restricted to the realm of cultural consumption. In the first half of the 19 th century, however, the quality and richness of the translation repertoire began to figure also as quasi-international standards for evaluating to what degree the particular “national” language and culture were developed. As early as post-positivist comparatistics, the translation was treated as an important factor of international literary mediation (e.g. Ocvirk), but it is only the late twentieth-century translation studies that raised the reflection on translation to the level of theory enabling to ground a paradigmatic shift of methods for the entire study of literature, in national and comparative literary studies alike (Bassnett, Even-Zohar). The valorization of translation that is going on since the beginning of the 21st century has been decisively influenced by the global renaissance of Goethe’s Weltliteratur. More than a decade after Ďurišin’s theory of the world literary system and based on the reinterpretations of Goethe’s notion of world literature, a new scholarly paradigm is in full swing that attempts to transcend national literary history, comparative literature, and postcolonialism (Lawall, Casanova, Moretti, Damrosch, etc.). However, the translation was of key importance already in the historical beginnings of the conception of Weltliteratur, with which Goethe aimed at promoting humanist aesthetic cosmopolitanism, creatively reviving national literature and establishing German literature as a new hub of international literary life. The present article focuses on how experiencing translations had formed Goethe’s ideas of circulation and the self-reflection through otherness and how these ideas were recently reinterpreted by Damrosch and Thomsen. Juxtaposing works of various European and “Oriental” literatures (either in the original or in translation), Goethe reflected on his literary and cultural identity and discovered new qualities of his aesthetic experience. Generally speaking, the translation — because of its position within the asymmetries of the world systems of economy, languages, and literatures — is not only the primary mode of transnational literary circulation and cross-cultural dialogism, but also the relay for the global spread of Western geo-culture and the hegemony of its aesthetic discourse. The possibility of a particular literary text to gain access to the global literary circulation depends, among other factors, on the fact whether the work in question has been produced in a “major” Western language or has been translated in a global language.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2020
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vol. 68
|
issue 9
225-237
EN
The comparison of the works of the Chinese writer Can Xue and the Polish writer Weronika Murek allows us to notice the existing thematic and formal similarities between them. Despite the visible differences, the writers have many points in common-in their works both have given up the action line, unity of action and place, both reach for surrealism, absurdity, grotesque and paradox. The works of Can Xue and Murek prove the validity of the term world literature, which is sublimation of human spirit and in its deepest layer is common to all people, regardless of their origin, culture and language.
PL
Z pozoru niespójne: Hodowla roślin południowych metodą Miczurina Weroniki Murek i Five spice street Can Xue Porównanie dzieł chińskiej pisarki Can Xue i polskiej pisarki Weroniki Murek pozwala dostrzec istniejące w nich podobieństwa tematyczne i formalne. Pomimo widocznych różnic, pisarki mają wiele wspólnych punktów - w swoich pracach obie zrezygnowały z linii akcji, jedności akcji i miejsca, obie sięgają po surrealizm, absurd, groteskę i paradoks. Prace Can Xue i Weroniki Murek potwierdzają słuszność terminu „literatura światowa”, który jest sublimacją ludzkiego ducha, a jego najgłębsza warstwa jest wspólna dla wszystkich ludzi, niezależnie od ich pochodzenia, kultury i języka.
PL
Celem artykułu jest opracowanie scenariusza mieszanego nauczania literatury światowej na przykładzie studium tematu „Twórczość Adama Mickiewicza”. W proponowanym scenariuszu zastosowano model rotacyjny „odwrócona klasa” i wykorzystano różne formy pracy: wykład, test, zadania indywidualne, zajęcia praktyczne, wideokonferencje, kwestionariusz. Opisany scenariusz został zintegrowany ze środowiskiem platformy kształcenia na odległość MOODLE Donbaskiego Państwowego Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego (Słowiańsk, obwód doniecki, Ukraina). Stwierdzono, że mieszane uczenie się wymaga stworzenia oprogramowania edukacyjnego, które spełnia współczesne standardy jakości świadczenia usług edukacyjnych: dostępność, interaktywność, multimedialność. Technologia mieszanego uczenia się pozwala na zastosowanie szerokiej gamy form i narzędzi edukacyjnych, które przyczyniają się do personalizacji procesu uczenia się, umożliwiają realizację całego zestawu elementów asymilacji materiału (od wiedzy do oceny), aktywują działania poszukiwawcze nie tylko studentów, ale także nauczycieli.
EN
The aim of the paper is to develop a scenario of blended learning of World Literature based on studying the topic “Creativity of Adam Mickiewicz”. It uses the popular rotating model of “inverted class” and various forms of work, such as lecture, test, individual tasks, practical session, video conference, and questionnaire. The proposed scenario was integrated into the MOODLE distance learning platform of Donbas State Pedagogical University (Slovyansk, Ukraine). In short, blended learning requires the creation of educational and methodological support that meets modern quality standards for the provision of educational services – accessibility, interactivity, multimediality. Blended learning technologies make it possible to apply a wide range of forms and teaching aids that contribute to the personalization of the educational process, make it possible to implement the entire range of elements of mastering the material (from knowledge to assessment), and activate the search activity of not only students, but also lecturers.
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