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Goal Orientations and Attitudes toward Moral Norms in Sport

100%
Sas-Nowosielski K.
The New Educational Review
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2004
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vol. 4
161-172
EN
According to J. Nicholls' achievement goal theory in an achievement context individuals adopt two major goal orientations, task and ego. It is suggested that being task or ego oriented is linked to moral functioning in sport, and that way to educational values which are attributed to it. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between goal orientations, task and ego, and attitudes toward moral norms in sport (fair play) among young sportsmen practicing team sports. Participants were 111 students, both sexes, of sports schools and classes in Katowice agglomeration. The main findings of this study is negative effect of ego orientation and positive effect of task orientation on attitudes toward some of the norms, especially "respect for rules". It seems that for educationalists who conduct sports lessons and training it is important to develop a task orientation in young people.
2
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Social Support for Physical Activity Received by Youth at the Age of 14–18 from Their Parents, Peers and PE Teachers

100%
Sas-Nowosielski K.
The New Educational Review
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2005
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vol. 5
79-88
EN
In the face of maintaining a high level of morbidity of civilization diseases, the etiology of which is to a large degree connected with scarcity of physical activity (obesity, coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus etc.), an education dealing with participation in physical culture has become an important social task. In order to be efficient the process should be aimed at developing psychological and behavioural determinants of physical activity but also building social relationships enhancing an active life style. One of the mechanisms through which social environment may influence physical activity of children and youth is social support. The paper presents the results of the study of four kinds of social support for physical activity (instrumental, informational, emotional and evaluational) received by pupils at the age of 14 to 18 from their parents, peers and physical education teachers. The results suggest that the most often received form of support is emotional one (especially from parents and peers) and the least frequent – instrumental support, which is a more direct form of support than the above mentioned one. Moreover, the frequency with which respondents receive social support for their physical activity significantly differentiates particular categories of significant others, with the most rare support from physical education (PE) teachers. Also an interesting phenomenon was observed of parents’decreasing social support for physical activity of girls as they are growing up.
3
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Possibilities of education through sport - critical reflection

100%
Sas-Nowosielski K.
The New Educational Review
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2004
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vol. 2
83-92
EN
Year 2004 is established as the European Year of Education through Sport. Many people believe that participation in sport is beneficial to the process of education, indeed. But it has been also suggested that participation in sport may be detrimental for personality of young people. In this paper we would like to survey sport through the prism of pros and cons brought about by it to the process of education and to put forward some suggestions on how to release educational values from sport.
4
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Sense of Personal Attractiveness, Perceiving Social Pressure on Attractive Appearance, Behaviour Leading to its Achievement among University Students

63%
Borzucka-Sitkiewicz K., Sas-Nowosielski K.
The New Educational Review
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2008
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vol. 15
71-79
EN
The aim of the study was to determine how university students perceive their personal attractiveness, how pressurized they feel into being up to the dominant ideals of body attractiveness and if they undertake actions aimed at shaping their appearance. A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 257 university students (including 160 women) aged 19 to 27 (M 21.0 SD 17.0) were surveyed. The students completed questionnaires measuring perceived social pressure on attractive appearance, satisfaction with one’s appearance and actions aimed at shaping one’s appearance. The results suggest that the respondents are moderately content with their body images with more positive scores obtained by men. The parts of the body which are the source of disappointment in women are buttocks, hips, thighs and stomach while in men stomach and legs. What is interesting is that the women see the above-mentioned parts as too fat or shapeless whereas the men consider them too weak. The approval of the body image seems to depend on the level of social pressure under which the respondents are; however, the negative influence of the social pressure was noticed mainly by the women. A very low score has been observed in actions taken towards one’s own body eg physical activity, dieting, taking medicines or paramedicines and beauty sessions.
5
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Stages of Exercise Change and Screen Time in Adolescents

63%
Sas-Nowosielski K., Ogrodnik J.
The New Educational Review
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2012
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vol. 30
281-291
EN
The research was focused on determination if persons at various stages of motivational readiness for leisure physical activity differ by the length of time spent in front of a TV/PC computer screen and attitudes towards such entertainment. Subject to research were 139 high school students aged 16 to 18. The findings refute the thesis that modern media tend to draw young people away from active leisure. Persons not undertaking physical activity spend an equal amount of time in front of a TV set or a PC as those undertaking physical activity systematically and regularly. In addition also the persons avoiding straining themselves place a high value of physical activity to their health.
6
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Correlates of Physical Activity Older Adults Attending to Senior Citizens’ Clubs

63%
Sas-Nowosielski K., Szopa-Wiśnios S.
The New Educational Review
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2022
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vol. 67
80-90
EN
Assessing the correlates of older adults’ leisure-time physical activity (PA) is essential to effectively promote these populations’ active lifestyles. Few studies have been published about PA correlates of older adults in Poland. The aim of this study was thus to identify correlates of self-reported PA of older adults. Participants were 577 members of senior citizen clubs aged 70.72±8.04 years. Questionnaires were used to collect data of PA, psychological, perceived social and environmental variables related to PA. Results of regression analyses with four levels of PA as dependent variables and psychosocial factors as independent variables showed that all models were significant, explaining the variance from 8% (walking) to 20% (VPA). Age and accessibility of fitness facilities were significant predictors in the final regression equation used to explain all levels of PA except walking. Time spent on TV predicted walking, LPA and MPA.
7
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Family recreation zones as a supportive environment for physical activity in the opinion of its users

63%
Szopa S., Sas-Nowosielski K.
The New Educational Review
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2016
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vol. 43
117-124
EN
The main purpose of this study was to examine how the relatively new initiative supporting active leisure of people, i.e., Family Recreation Zones, is perceived by its users. Data were collected from 215 persons aged 13 to 96 (M=44.19, SD 18.08). For nearly nine in ten persons Zones are the only space where they spend their leisure time actively. The main attractors are free access and the open air. Interestingly, for many respondents the proximity of playgrounds was not a benefit but rather a barrier to visiting Zones. Other barriers were the season of the year, a modest range of exercise devices, their damage, poor illumination, a perceived lack of safety and a lack of professional support during exercising.
8
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Usage Patterns, Exercise Motives, and Perceived Benefits and Limitations of Outdoor Gyms: A Case from a Provincial City in South Poland

63%
Sas-Nowosielski K., Szopa-Wiśnios S.
The New Educational Review
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2023
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vol. 73
81-94
EN
Installing outdoor gyms (OGs) has become popular in many countries worldwide. To date, data about the perceptions and behaviours of its users are still being determined. Therefore, this study aimed to determine who and how uses the facilities and how their users perceive them. The sample comprised 1,036 exercisers aged 44.1±16.1 years. For over 85% of users, OGs are the facilities where they follow their planned exercise programme, with 56.2% declaring exercising solely there. The main perceived advantages of OGs are free-to-access (42.6%) and outdoor location (40.4%), while disadvantages are dependence on the season (57.2%) and the technical condition of devices (24.9%). The predominant motive for using OGs is to maintain and improve their health (38.6%) and stay fit (27.9%). OGs are an essential alternative to indoor gyms in situations of limited availability under pandemic conditions. For many people, they are even the only place to exercise.
9
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The Self-efficacy of Physical Education Teachers and Burnout in the Teaching Profession

63%
Sas-Nowosielski K., Kowalczyk A.
The New Educational Review
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2019
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vol. 58
179-188
EN
Teachers, including physical education (PE) teachers, are at risk of burning out in their work. The consequences of this syndrome have a negative impact on the teacher themselves and on their students. Therefore it is very important to identify factors that may prevent its occurrence. Self-efficacy is considered one such factor. The aim of the study was to determine if self-efficacy specific to PE teachers is related to their burnout. The study was conducted using a survey method, with the use of the Physical Education Teaching Efficacy Scale [PETES] and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. A total of 401 PE teachers were surveyed. PE teachers turned out to be rather moderately burnt out, except for one dimension - a reduced sense of personal accomplishments - which in almost the whole sample reached high values. Regression analyses conducted for all three dimensions of burnout were significant, explaining from 4% up to 10% of the variance. The dimension of accomplishments was positively predicted by two kinds of self-efficacy: applying scientific knowledge in teaching PE, and teaching students with special needs. Emotional exhaustion was significantly and negatively predicted by assessment efficacy, and using technology efficacy, and positively by accommodating skill level differences of efficacy. Finally, depersonalization was negatively predicted by instructional efficacy.
10
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Age-related Differences in Motives for and Barriers to Exercise Among Women Exercising in Fitness Centers

51%
Kowalczyk A., Nowicka M., Sas-Nowosielski K.
The New Educational Review
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2017
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vol. 49
30-39
EN
The aim of the study was to reveal age differences in motives and barriers of women attending fitness centers. 157 women aged 17-83 (M=43.86±15.40) participated in the study. All of them were members of fitness centers in the Silesia Metropolis in Poland. The most common reported motives for exercising were health and revitalization. Four motives changed when comparisons were made between age groups: affiliations, competition, health pressure and avoiding diseases. All these motives were stronger in older women. The main barriers to exercising were time constraints and physical limitations. The severity of time barrier significantly decreased with age and in older women it fell into the second place in the hierarchy, giving priority to physical barriers.
11
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Health Belief Model Variables as Predictors of Light, Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity Among Young Adults

51%
Sas-Nowosielski K., Grabara M., Hadzik A.
The New Educational Review
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2013
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vol. 32
194-203
EN
The aim of the study was to measure the association among Health Belief Model (HBM) variables and self-reported physical activity of young adults. A survey research protocol was employed. Participants were 391 university students (245 females), 19–22 years old (–x = 21.41±3.49). Analyses revealed that the strongest predictor of physical activity is self-efficacy, followed by perceived benefits and the perceived barriers. Other HBM variables, such as the perceived susceptibility or perceived severity, were not associated with physical activity. On the basis of the obtained results it may be concluded that the HBM as a model of avoiding diseases is not adequate to explain and predict physical activity of young adults.
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