In this paper, the author tries to deliver exercises for Polish students of German language with Danish as other foreign language. On the basis of the common German-Danish word-formation-patterns, the author attempts to build a new Danish-learning-model, based on these common patterns, the parallelism of which stays on the level of ca. 60-95%, allowing so a more often German-Danish transfer. Using these and other similarities between the two languages a student of Danish with German as source language can from the very beginning learn Danish in a more effective way.
The article deals with the subject of incorporation shown as a special kind of composition and derivates formed from phrases (Zusammenbildungen). The author attempts to differentiate between these two types and also describes such phenomena as predicateargument-structure and the principle of the meaningful word. In his opinion it is worth using such terms to give the language description a better overview.
The article deals with the problem of linguistic determinism and relativism. The author attempts to proof the existence of a relationship between the structure of a word and the extralinguistic reality and thus to contribute to the discussion on the problem.
The aim of the paper is to seek an answer to the question how word-formation patterns, such as modification, transposition and mutation are realised with reference to Danish suffixal derivatives and to report on the ways that the main Danish suffixes have been described by various authors. It turned out that the right hand-head-rule is more often realized in Danish nominal derivatives than in German ones.
The article discusses the model classifying German motivated words that takes its origin in the work of Fillmore entitled "The Case for Case" (1968) and is used by Hans Wellmann in his description of German word formation processes in 1984-1998 (Duden. Die Grammatik, Band 4). The model stands in agreement with the rule of assigning the semantic roles to individual parts of the sentence, which was formulated in German language by Wolfgang Motsch (2004). Renata Grzegorczykowa and Jadwiga Puzynina used the same rule in Polish word formation in their „Gramatyka współczesnego języka polskiego. Morfologia.” (1999). Each time, the model classifies the derivative words with reference to their semantic role and the motivating part of the explicatory paraphrase. Such derivatives may be, at the same time, classified according to their suiffxes. In the case of compounds and case government structures that are motivated by the functioning in the particular language verbal phrase, the motivational aspect comes from the particular verbal phrase (used as an explicating paraphrase) – its motivational argument and reference argument. The latter one belongs to the verb case government present in the explicating phrase and is added to the compound on its left side. The model described in the article is also used in order to describe the Danish derivatives which appear as equivalents of German words in the literary translations.
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