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Księga Abdiasza w Septuagincie

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EN
The Book of Obadiah, though short (only 21 verses; the shortest book ofthe Hebrew Bible), is difficult all the same. Its difficulties are manifested onthe linguistic and textual level, but above all in what concerns its content,theology and interpretation. The Greek translation of Oba in the LXX isparticularly important because it presents a way of understanding of theBook dating back to pre-Christian era, Hellenistic times, which stronglyemphasized the theme of threats towards Israel from other nations. In theLXX-Oba the curses against enemies (Edom – Idumea) are radicalizedand their guilt highlighted. The article presents the Book of Obadiah in itshistorical context (both of the Hebrew original and the Greek version), aswell as its text, content and character in the Septuagint version. The articlecompares the text of the LXX-Oba with LXX-Jr 29 and shows how difficulttheology of the Book was understood among the Jews of Hellenistic Alexandria.The universalization of the message of the Book translated by theLXX later found continuity in its patristic and rabbinical interpretations.
Verbum Vitae
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2021
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vol. 39
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issue 1
137-162
EN
The purpose of this article is to look at the topic of homosexuality in ancient Israel’s legislation and to analyze the specific regulations on this issue. The issue of homosexual acts appears clearly twice in the Torah, in Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13, in both cases alongside other intimate practices prohibited by Law. Both texts are discussed in the article together with their context, and then possible interpretations – the traditional ones, and those proposed in recent years. The latter try to demonstrate that the content of biblical legislation is not clearly opposed to homosexual relations (unlike how it was interpreted in the Jewish and Christian traditions). The article additionally – in the discussed context of the legislation on homosexuality – analyses two biblical texts possibly dealing with male sacred prostitution (Deut 23:18-19 and possibly also Leviticus 18:21).
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przyjrzenie się tematowi homoseksualizmu w prawodawstwie biblijnego Izraela i analizę konkretnych przepisów dotyczących tego zagadnienia. Zagadnienie praktyk homoseksualnych pojawia się w prawodawstwie Tory wyraźnie dwukrotnie, w Kpł 18,22 oraz Kpł 20,13, w obu przypadkach obok innych praktyk życia intymnego zakazywanych przez Prawo. Oba teksty zostały w artykule omówione wraz z ich kontekstem, a następnie podano możliwe ich interpretacje – te tradycyjne i te wysuwane w ostatnich kilkunastu latach, które próbują ukazać treść biblijnego prawodawstwa jako niebędącego klarownie przeciw relacjom homoseksualnym (inaczej niż było to ujęte w tradycji żydowskiej i chrześcijańskiej). Artykuł dodatkowo – w omawianym kontekście prawodawstwa dotyczącego homoseksualizmu – analizuje dwa możliwe teksty mówiące o męskiej prostytucji sakralnej (Pwt 23,18-19 oraz ewentualnie także Kpł 18,21).
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Księga Ozeasza w Septuagincie

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The Book of Hosea plays a special role in the life and theology of ancientIsrael. Serving as an opening to the Minor Prophets (the Book of theTwelve) both in the Hebrew and Greek traditions, it is a source of importanttheological interpretations. The article focuses on the Book of Hosea inthe Septuagint. It presents its role in the context of the Greek Book of theTwelve, together with the manuscripts and critical editions of LXXHos,indicating the textual richness of this book in antiquity. It also attempts toshow the character of the Greek text, its translation techniques, its omissionsand additions and other aspects, discussing also the dating of the book inthe Greek tradition.
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The article discusses selected aspects of “anger” terminology in the Greek Bible. The Septuagint basically uses two terms to express anger, θυμός and ὀργή, and rarely any others. The two words are used in the LXX interchangeably, it seems to express both the wrath of God and the wrath of people and animals. The article discusses both of these key terms, along with their etymology and occurrence within classical Greek literature, recognizing that the terminology of the LXX is based both upon those classical texts – which often refer to the theme of “anger”, starting with the oldest known Greek texts – as well as on the Jewish tradition, incorporating many so-called “Hebraisms” and expressions characteristic of the Hebrew Bible. In addition, the article shows that the LXX terminology regarding anger also had an influence on the New Testament, on both a terminological and conceptual level.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł omawia wybrane aspekty terminologii dotyczącej gniewu w Biblii Greckiej. Septuaginta używa zasadniczo dwóch terminów określających gniew: θυμός i ὀργή (bardzo rzadko innych). Oba używane są w LXX zamiennie i, jak się wydaje, bez żadnego klucza zarówno na określenie gniewu Boga, jak i ludzi oraz zwierząt. Artykuł omawia oba terminy wraz z ich etymologią i występowaniem w klasycznej literaturze greckiej, ukazując, że słownictwo LXX nawiązuje zarówno do klasycznej filozofii i literatury (gdzie temat gniewu jest podejmowany niejednokrotnie, już w najstarszych pismach), jak i do tradycji żydowskiej (używając w przekładzie hebraizmów i charakterystycznych dla Biblii Hebrajskiej zwrotów). Artykuł ukazuje zarazem, że na poziomie terminologicznym i pojęciowym terminologia LXX dotycząca gniewu wywarła wpływ także na Nowy Testament.
EN
Since antiquity, the issue of the inconsistency between the Book of Nahum and the Book of Jonah has been addressed, one regarding both its content and its message. At various times, it was settled in different ways. The current state of biblical research seems to allow us to put forth a daring thesis that both Books have more in common than merely Nineveh as the subject matter, which they approach from a different angle. There seem to be grounds to see these two Books as vestiges of an intracanonical debate waged within the Book of the Twelve.
PL
Księga Kapłańska jest jednym z najważniejszych źródeł wiedzy o kulcie i kapłaństwie w biblijnym Izraelu. Mimo że zawiera najwięcej wystąpień hebrajskiego terminu „kapłan”, to tekstów, które traktowałyby o samym kapłaństwie, jest w niej stosunkowo niewiele. W artykule zostały poddane analizie następujące fragmenty: Kpł 8-9 przedstawia opis początków kapłaństwa i kultu w Izraelu; Kpł 6,1-7,2; 10,8-15; 16 przynoszą szczegółowe rozporządzenia dotyczące kapłanów; Kpł 21-22 stanowi tę część Kodeksu Świętości, który omawia miejsce i rolę kapłanów we wspólnocie Narodu Wybranego.
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The Book of Obadiah, although short (it has only 21 verses; the shortest in the Hebrew Bible), is at the same time very difficult. The difficulties are manifested in its linguistic and textual layers, but above all in what concerns its content, theology and interpretation. The Greek translation of Obad contained in the LXX is particularly important because it represents a way of understanding the Book going back to pre-Christian, Hellenistic times, which strongly emphasised the theme of threats to Israel from other nations. In the Greek translation (LXXObad), the cursing character of the Book is radicalised and the guilt of the enemies (Edomites – Idumeans) is highlighted. The article presents the Book of Obadiah in its historical context (both the Hebrew original and the Greek version), and presents its text, content and character in the Septuagint version. It compares it with LXXJer 29 (LXX numbering) and shows how the challenging theology of the Book was understood among the Jews of Hellenistic Alexandria. The universalisation of the message of the Book by the LXX translation was later continued in its patristic and rabbinic interpretations.
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Księga Jozuego w Septuagincie

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Biuletyn biblijny

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Biuletyn biblijny

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