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Znać pana po cholewach, czyli utrwalony w przysłowiach obraz ubioru jako symbolu hierarchii społecznej

100%
Młynarczyk E.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2012
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issue 2(14)
55-64
EN
The proverbs analyzed in the present paper are a linguistic testimony of the cultural rôle played by attire in the old Polish society. Documented in dictionaries and often containing archaisms, these proverbs reveal how specific elements of clothing were perceived as signals of social and material status of their owners. Particularly distinct is the image of expensive leather clothing which was used to manifest wealth and position. Decorative caps and shoes, too, have acquired a linguistic illustration of their cultural function. Due to the change of realities (fashion, manners and social diversification), the majority of the analyzed units belong to the historic stock and are unknown to contemporary Polish speakers. Possibly, their archaic lexical form also contributed to their decline.
2
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Adam Siwiec, Nazwy własne obiektów handlowo-usługowych w przestrzeni miasta Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2012, ss. 231

100%
Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2013
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issue 8
PL
brak
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Językowy obraz rzemiosła jako zawodu i źródła utrzymania... (w świetle polskich przysłów i frazeologizmów)

100%
Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2013
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issue 8
PL
The author of the article analyses set phrases that are motivated by the reality of the handicraft work. The analysis proves that Polish proverbs and set phrases depict work as an activity that is a sufficient and dependable source of income, evaluated on the basis of its effects. They also negatively depict people who perform their duties in a sloppy manner.
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Danuta Bieńkowska, Elżbieta Umińska-Tytoń, Miasto w polskich badaniach lingwistycznych, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2019, ss. 145

100%
Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2020
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issue 15
333-340
5
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Polski obraz biedy utrwalony w języku i w kulturze

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Młynarczyk E.
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
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2015
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vol. 27
EN
The article is an attempt to reconstruct the most important elements of the linguisticcultural image of the Polish bieda ‘poverty, misery’, a theme very much present in academic reasearch and media coverage. The noun bieda is a component of many fixed word combinations, including two culturally-profiled collocations: polska bieda ‘the Polish poverty’ and stara bieda ‘same old misery’.Following Jerzy Bartmiński’s methodological assumptions for reconstructing linguistic worldview, three types of data are taken into account: systemic (general, etymological, phraseological dictionaries of Polish, as well as dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms), textual (proverbs, folk tales, sample journalistic texts), and cultural (folk beliefs and customs described in ethnographic literature). In Polish, bieda is contrasted with wealth and is different from UBÓSTWO ‘poverty, deprivation’, which can be accepted voluntarily. The fact that the noun bieda collocates exclusively with intensifying adjectives suggests that speakers of Polish pay attention above all to the consequences of difficult financial situations. The process of euphemisation, in turn, is usually expressed with the formal word niedostatek ‘financial hardship’. Fixed word combinations show that bieda is portrayed as a distinct entity that accompanies human life, a living creature that appears against one’s will, an intruder, usually perceived as a person. The folk images of bieda, present in iconography and folk tales, are those of a skinny woman or a naked child. In some proverbs bieda is represented as a teacher who shows how to appreciate simple, everyday things in life. Other metaphors are based on the perception of bieda as a disease, an object, or a container.In journalistic and scientific texts, bieda is treated as an enemy or threat to be opposed, in contrast to the fatalism of the folk worldview. In general, the notion of bieda is evaluated negatively.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę rekonstrukcji najważniejszych składników językowo-kulturowego obrazu biedy. Kierując się założeniami metodologicznymi rekonstrukcji JOS, proponowanymi w pracach Jerzego Bartmińskiego i innych badaczy nurtu etnolingwistycznego, autorka wzięła pod uwagę trzy typy danych: dane systemowe zebrane na podstawie słowników języka polskiego (ogólnych, etymologicznych, frazeologicznych oraz słowników synonimów i antonimów), dane tekstowe (przysłowia, bajki ludowe, przykładowe teksty publicystyczne) oraz informacje kulturowe (wierzenia i zwyczaje ludowe opisane w pracach etnograficznych).Analiza zgromadzonego materiału pozwoliła stwierdzić, że pojęcie biedy jest przeciwstawiane bogactwu i traktowane inaczej niż ubóstwo. Łączliwość rzeczownika bieda wyłącznie z przymiotnikami intensyfikującymi wskazuje, że użytkownicy języka dostrzegają przede wszystkim nasilanie się zjawisk związanych z trudną sytuacją materialną. Eufemizacja wyrażana jest natomiast zazwyczaj za pomocą wyrazu niedostatek, charakterystycznego dla polszczyzny oficjalnej.W świetle utrwalonych połączeń wyrazowych bieda jawi się przede wszystkim jako odrębny byt towarzyszący ludzkiemu życiu, istota żywa zjawiająca się u człowieka wbrew jego woli (jak intruz), postrzegana zazwyczaj jako osoba. Taki obraz łączy się z ludowym wyobrażeniem biedy (jako chudej kobiety lub nagiego dziecka) obecnym w ikonografii oraz w tekstach bajek. W niektórych przysłowiach biedę przedstawia się jako nauczyciela uczącego doceniać rzeczy powszednie.Inne metafory realizowane w utrwalonych multiwerbizmach bazują na wyobrażeniu biedy jako choroby, przedmiotu lub pojemnika. W tekstach publicystycznych i naukowych traktuje się biedę jak przeciwnika lub zagrożenie, z którymi należy walczyć, w ludowym obrazie świata przeważa natomiast fatalizm. We wszystkich typach danych pojęcie biedy jest negatywnie wartościowane.
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Co jest kobietą we współczesnej polszczyźnie?

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Młynarczyk E.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica
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2021
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vol. 55
195-206
EN
The purpose of this paper is to characterise formally and semantically the metaphorical word combination Coś jest kobietą, which has not been registered in phraseological dictionaries yet. The author presents contexts in which this phraseme has been attested, establishes its fixed form, as well as the most important elements of the global meaning.
PL
Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka pod względem formalnym i semantycznym metaforycznego połączenia wyrazowego Coś jest kobietą nierejestrowanego dotychczas w słownikach frazeologicznych. Autorka przedstawia konteksty, w których frazem ten został poświadczony, określa jego ustabilizowaną postać, a także najważniejsze składniki znaczenia globalnego.
7
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Sklep, salon, studio czy atelier – współczesne sposoby nazywania placówek handlowych

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Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2010
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issue 5
PL
In the article, the focus of interest is the descriptive element of contemporary names of shops. Such names are compounds consisting of a noun denoting the enterprise (sklep, salon, studio, galeria, atelier, supermarket, etc.) and attributes denoting various features, e.g. the sort of goods sold, the material of which the goods are made, the area of life, and potential customers or users of the goods sold. In the name of a shop, this element has the informative function, while the central noun fulfils the identifying and advertising functions. At present, the difference between the two elements is blurred by using diverse descriptive elements.
8
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Alicja Pihan-Kijasowa, Słownictwo z zakresu handlu w prozie Bolesława Prusa (na tle XIX-wiecznej leksyki handlowej). Studia, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Sorus, 2012, ss. 268

100%
Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2014
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issue 9
PL
brak
9
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Obraz narzędzi rękodzielniczych w polskich frazeologizmach i przysłowiach

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Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2014
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issue 9
PL
This paper deals with Polish phraseologisms and proverbs which contain names of handicraft tools. Most of the collected material currently belongs to recessive phraseological units. Viewed from the perspective of a deeply ingrained linguistic picture of the world, they appear to constitute linguistic evidence of an incredibly significant role, which according to language users, is played by the image of tools used for expressing various meanings connected with performing activities, doing certain jobs, as well as many aspects of individual and social life.
10
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Modne nazwy firmowe (na przykładzie nazw salonów kosmetycznych)

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Młynarczyk E.
Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze
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2016
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issue 32
117-125
EN
This paper focuses on the names of cosmetic establishments whose names contain compound expressions made of nouns, indicating places, institutions, premises (e.g. galeria, akademia, klub – gallery, academy, club) or a certain space (e.g. kraina, strefa – land, zone) as well as terms which indicate the type of business (e.g. fryzjerski, kosmetyczny – hairdresser’s, beautician’s) or the type of rendered services (e.g. urody, fryzur, paznokci – beauty, hairstyling, nails etc.). At present, these names are enjoying great popularity. By taking into consideration connotations of the nouns, the author presents several groups of lexemes very frequently used in the names of beauty establishments.
PL
Obiektem bliższej obserwacji w niniejszym artykule są nazwy firm kosmetycznych zawierające w swej strukturze dwuczłonowe wyrażenia, składające się z: rzeczowników, które oznaczają rozmaite miejsca, instytucje, placówki (np. galeria, akademia, klub) albo pewną przestrzeń (np. kraina, strefa), oraz określeń wskazujących na rodzaj działalności prowadzonej w danej firmie (np. fryzjerski, kosmetyczny) lub obiekt zabiegów (urody, fryzur, paznokci itp.). Nazwy tego typu są współcześnie tworzone niemal seryjnie. Autorka, biorąc pod uwagę sfery konotacji, do jakich odnoszą się rzeczownikowe człony nazw, wskazuje kilka grup leksemów szczególnie chętnie wykorzystywanych w nazewnictwie firm kosmetycznych.
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Pożegnanie Profesora Marka Karwali

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Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria
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2020
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vol. 20
423-425
RU
-
12
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Od kiedy szewc bez butów chodzi? – tradycyjne zawody rzemieślnicze w polskiej frazeologii i paremiologii

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Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2011
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issue 6
PL
The comparison of old and contemporary idioms which contain lexemes szewc or szewski [cobbler, cobbler’s] demonstates the essential traits in the development of Polish phraselogy connected with crafts and craftsmanship. Their analysis shows that many idioms disappear as the picture of professional activities they convey is deemed too simplistic. On the other hand, the linguistc history of the proverb szewc bez butów chodzi illustrates the most characteristic features of craft-related idiomatic language (i.e. variants based on the similar depictions of craft works, interchangeability of trades, internationalism).
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Wybrane historycznokulturowe aspekty frazeologii rzemieślniczej

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Młynarczyk E.
Studia Językoznawcze. Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny
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2012
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vol. 11
137-150
EN
The paper is an attempt to describe systematically expressive historical and cultural contents the carriers of which are compounds referring to handicraft. The author took into account only these idiomatic expressions and proverbs that include components in a form of either a name of a craft profession or an adjective derived from the name. The need of comprehensive description of well fixed compounds that come from handicrafts as against recessiveness of a considerable part of them in modern Polish language was also indicated.
14
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Trends Related to Creating Names in Social Chrematonymy of the Second Polish Republic (Based on the Names of Associations)

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Młynarczyk E.
Onomastica
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2019
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vol. 63
209-226
EN
Trends Related to Creating Names in Social Chrematonymy of the Second Polish Republic (Based on the Names of Associations) The paper is dedicated to the names of associations from the period of the Second Polish Republic, taken from a publication which is a guide to the rich and differentiated world of the social organizations of the 1930s. The introduction is devoted to the state of Polish linguistic research into the names of organizations. The description of the collected material is based on the concept of social chrematonymy by Artur Gałkowski. Next, the names are investigated from both a structural and a semantic perspective. The following elements are regarded as distinct qualities of the naming structures: descriptive character, multicomponent structure, development of right-sided attributives, insignificant share of names with a separate distinctive element, including some other types of proper names as components (toponyms, anthroponyms, names of historical events). Also, lexemes in the function of the main component of the analysed structures - nouns having the semantic value of ‘formalized group of people’ – have been presented. When analysing the semantic aspect of names of organizations more closely, the author indicates the most frequently exposed bases of community feeling of members. Those could be: common experience, social and professional status, the purpose of activity, gender, generation, religious identity, nationality, ideology, place of activity or founding an organization. In the majority of names, various elements of community feeling are combined. Finally, attention is paid to the tremendous informative value present in the names of associations, connected with their descriptive quality. The close link between socioideonyms and the reality they are connected with means that they are bearers of various historical-cultural contents. Therefore, the names of associations, especially historical ones, might be an interesting object of culture-oriented linguistic studies.
15
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Niematerialne aspekty biedy odzwierciedlone w polskiej leksyce i frazeologii

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Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica
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2024
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issue 19
143-156
EN
The paper is another contribution to research on the image of material deprivation, which is preserved in the Polish language. The material basis consists of fixed phrases relating to material deprivation seen from the panchronic perspective, which have been excerpted from phraseo- and paremiographic collections and dictionaries of the Polish language. The analysis of the material was carried out in the spirit of the Lublin school of cultural linguistics, and its purpose is the reconstruction of the elements that constitute the linguistic image of poverty in aspects which are non-material. The analysis of the collected material has demonstrated that in Polish phraseological and paremic resources, as well as in the semantic development of some words, an image of interpersonal relationships connected with poverty has been preserved: lack of respect, negligence and contempt, which are experienced by the poor in their relationships with the better-off ones, including family and friends; inappropriate treatment in legal terms, unfair allocation of goods, limited access to social promotion for people who come from impoverished families, or the need to hide one’s own situation. This contemptuous treatment of the poor is also manifested in some ways of calling such people and the whole communities. The phenomena that the phrasemes refer to are described in contemporary journalism and scientific studies.
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Stróża – rodzinna wieś Profesora Józefa Smagi

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Kobylińska J., Młynarczyk E.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia Russologica
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2020
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issue 13
PL
Artykuł przedstawia językowo-kulturowe fakty związane z miejscowością Stróża, szczególnie z jej nazwą. Analizę etymologiczną toponimu, ukazaną w powiązaniu z danymi leksykologicznymi, historycznymi i geograficznymi, uzupełniają informacje o charakterze wspomnieniowym. The paper presents linguistic-cultural facts connected with the village Stróża, particularly with its name. The etymological analysis of the toponym, depicted in connection with lexicological, historical and geographical data, are complemented by memories.
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