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Zaświaty – nieistniejące czy niepoznawalne? Tłumaczenie jako zysk interpretacyjny na przykładzie Trenu X Jana Kochanowskiego

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Zbądzki J.
Filologia Polska. Roczniki Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
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2015
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vol. 1
31-38
EN
The idea of the research is to state how the translation of a poem may influence its interpretation. The excerpt of Lament X [Tren X] by Jan Kochanowski was studied for this purpose. The analysis is focused on the concept crucial to the poem, which is space, side, direction – its etymological meaning and philosophical consequences resulting from it. Then, the original text is compared to modern English translations, especially to the unconventional work of Barańczak and Heaney. The comparison is made by using hermeneutic methods in translation studies. The study shows that translation is not separated from the Lament X [Tren X], moreover, it might be helpful in understanding it, hence the interpretation benefits from the translation. As a result, the author suggests a new interpretation of a poem.
PL
Ideą badań jest przedstawienie, w jaki sposób tłumaczenie utworu poetyckiego może wpływać na jego interpretację. W tym celu dokonano analizy fragmentu Trenu X Jana Kochanowskiego. Skoncentrowano ją na kluczowym dla dzieła pojęciu strony – jego znaczeniu etymologicznym i płynących z niego filozoficznych skutkach. Następnie, korzystając z hermeneutycznych metod w translatologii, porównano oryginalny tekst ze współczesnymi przekładami angielskimi, zwłaszcza z niekonwencjonalną wersją Barańczaka i Heaneya. Badania wykazały, że tłumaczenie nie jest rzeczą odrębną wobec pierwowzoru i może pomagać w jego zrozumieniu, stanowi zatem zysk interpretacyjny. Na tej podstawie autor proponuje nowe odczytanie utworu.
2
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Czym była, a czym stała się w renesansie Batrachomyomachia

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Zbądzki J.
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
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2019
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vol. 29
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issue 1
EN
Zbądzki Jakub, Czym była, a czym stała się w renesansie Batrachomyomachia (What the Batrachomyomachia was, and what it became in the Renaissance).The paper presents the Batrachomyomachia as an example of hellenistic poetry and discusses its reception in the Renaissance, when it became very popular, but all its complexity was lost.
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Ukryte „exemplum”. O roli łaciny w „Wybrańcu” Tomasza Manna

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Zbądzki J.
Prace Literackie
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2016
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vol. 56
127-133
EN
However Thomans Mann’s montage technique is very well known, there are still parts of his novels, which are not clear enough. It is the case of Latin in The Holy Sinner, which is used not only to simply imitate the medieval literature, but also in the purpose of parody and irony. What is more, in the beginning of the novel narrator quotes — as it turns out — words from De amore inordinato, a story from Gesta Romanorum (quite similar to the story of Gregorius), and criticize them. It seems that this is not only an irrelevant statement, but a commentary to the whole work, which has to be re­cognized by readers to understand it. By the quotation Mann itself indicates the new way of showing the matters of unpure love, sin, grace and — wider — religion, which is based on the very specific irony. Because of this uncommon technique some researchers argue that The Holy Sinner is just a tri­fle, but behind it there seems to be misunderstanding. The type of thinking, which connects a sense of humour and religious solemnity, used to be popular in Ancient Greek literature, and Thomas Mann in some way brought it back — just as he did with Latin, in his novel not a dead language, but truly alive.
4
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Intertextual Echoes or Cultural Universals? Reassessing the Influence of Ancient Greek Poetry in The Mighty Thor series (issues 363–6)

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Zbądzki J.
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
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2024
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vol. 34
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issue 1
143-153
EN
The purpose of this article is to reexamine the interpretation of comics 363–6 in Marvel’s The Mighty Thor series as a retelling of the Hellenistic mock epic poem Batrachomyomachia, a view expressed by scholars such as Nicholas Newman in his paper entitled The War of Frogs and Rats. The Batrachomyomachia in Marvel’s The Mighty Thor. The article proposes an alternative approach to reading these comics outside of the antique context, interpreting the similarities between the two works through the lens of cultural universals theory.
5
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The Untranslatability of Silence? A Voice in the Discussion on Translation of Catullus’ “Ad Inferias” by Anne Carson

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Zbądzki J.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2023
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issue 19
435-444
EN
Although Catullus’ relevance may appear diminished to modern audiences, his themes of intimacy and vulnerability still find echoes in newer works, notably Anne Carson’s translation of “Ad Inferias”, included in the book Nox. This analysis examines the debate about the perceived untranslatability of this poem. Catullus’ oeuvre is well known for its linguistic intricacies and explicit motifs, which often pose translation hurdles. “Ad Inferias”, a traditional elegy, seems to lack such complexities and has been frequently translated. As indicated, an existential interpretation of the verse “et mutam nequiquam alloquerer cinerem” (and that I would talk in vain to the silent ash), contextualized within Carson’s metaphysical silence concept, reframes the discussion. The article underscores the untranslatability as a primarily philosophical aspect, arising from the incommunicability of experiences centred around transcendence, death, mourning, and suffering, and presents examples of translations that maintain the emotional and thematic intensity of the piece.
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Przegrana bitwa, ale nie wojna, czyli o pierwszym angielskim komentarzu do Batrachomyomachii

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Zbądzki J.
Meander
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2022
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issue 77
159-167
PL
Recenzja komentarza do Batrachomyomachii napisanego przez Joela Christensena i Erika Robinsona.
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Transtekstualne aspekty łacińskiej parafrazy Batrachomyomachii autorstwa Jana Siemuszowskiego

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Zbądzki J.
Terminus
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2021
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vol. 23
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issue 4 (61)
455-475
EN
The article aims to analyse how Jan Siemuszowski, author of a 1568 Latin paraphrase of the Batrachomyomachia, used the Roman epic tradition in his work in the context of Renaissance translations of the poem and how he approached the problem of losing references to Greek literature in the process of transferring the piece into another language. The current state of knowledge of Latin translations of Batrachomyomachia is not advanced, and the issue concerning the dialogue of the poem’s Latin versions with classical literature was recently raised solely by Aaron Vanspauwen, who observed that these works mirror transtextual devices of the Greek original, claiming at the same time that this may be accidental. However, there is sound evidence that the devices were deployed intentionally, as transtextuality appears mainly in texts based on emulation. In this case, it is worthwhile to investigate one of the clearest examples of making use of Roman epic tradition in a translation from Greek, which is a paraphrase made by Jan Siemuszowski, containing over 150 direct references to Latin poetry, especially Virgil and Ovid. To achieve this, Batrachomyomachia and Siemuszowski’s paraphrase were compared in a systematic classification using George Genette’s theory of transtextuality. They were found to have two categories in common, metatexts and intertexts, the latter serving as amplifications and parodies (in Genette’s sense) of epic schemes and heroes. In Siemuszowski’s work, the metatexts are visible in quotations that emphasize the fictional dimension of the work or its supposed grandeur. The allusions used in the amplifications exaggerate the power of heroes and their opponents, and the greatness of the entire world depicted. Moreover, the application of some of them to dangerous characters and phenomena seems to outline the perception of mice and frogs. The comic effect of parody is mainly achieved by highlighting the negative characteristics of animals in contrast to ancient models, especially certain types of figures such as gods, heroes or philosophers. Parody also relates to the stories of epic heroes, making them trivial or lending particular, unearned gravity to the animals. It is observed that Siemuszowski mostly used similar methods as the author of Batrachomyomachia. However, he often supplemented the verses with new, significant references to Virgil and Ovid, preventing the loss of transtexts in the process of translation. The complexity of his piece allows us to perceive it as a text of the third degree – in the terminology used by Katarzyna Warcaba. As a result, Siemuszowski’s paraphrase was in line with the trend of emulation-based translations, whose authors avoided translating the text literally and tried to compete with the original or other authors’ versions of the poem in terms of the techniques used in it.
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