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Applying propositional calculus of formal logic to formulate research hypotheses in management sciences

100%
Pabian A.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
|
2023
|
vol. 68
|
issue 2
39-55
PL
Tematem artykułu jest formułowanie hipotez badawczych w naukach o zarządzaniu. Na podstawie wyników badania przeprowadzonego przez autora można stwierdzić, że choć w literaturze przedmiotu wskazywane są cechy prawidłowo sformułowanej hipotezy, to podczas tworzenia hipotez badawczych często dochodzi do błędów, a w konsekwencji odpowiedzi na pytanie (pytania) wyrażające problem badawczy są skonstruowane niepoprawnie. Przykłady takich błędów, m.in. próby sprawdzenia w praktyce stwierdzeń nieweryfikowalnych, można znaleźć nawet w pracach magisterskich. W tworzeniu poprawnych hipotez pomocny może być rachunek zdań mający źródło w logice formalnej. Celem artykułu jest udowodnienie przydatności rachunku zdań logiki formalnej w formułowaniu hipotezy głównej i hipotez cząstkowych w pracach badawczych z zakresu nauk o zarządzaniu. Przed przyjęciem hipotezy należy rozłożyć ją na czynniki pierwsze i przeprowadzić analizę zdań. Zastosowanie takiej procedury powinno doprowadzić do nadania każdej z hipotez zrozumiałej i logicznej postaci oraz zapewnić ich zgodność z regułami językowymi.
EN
The article is devoted to the topic of formulating research hypotheses in management sciences. On the basis of the author’s research results, it may be concluded that although the related literature indicates the features of a properly formulated hypothesis, errors still tend to occur in the process of its construction and as a consequence, the answers to the question or questions determining the research problem are not correctly formulated. Examples of such errors include attempts to check statements which are unverifiable in practice, which could be observed even in Master’s theses. The propositional calculus, whose source is in formal logic, may prove a useful tool in creating proper hypotheses. The primary aim of the article is to prove the usefulness of the propositional calculus of formal logic in formulating the main hypothesis and partial hypotheses in research work relating to management sciences. Prior to adopting a hypothesis for further proceedings, it should be decomposed into prime factors, followed by an analysis of the propositions. Adopting such a calculus when formulating each hypothesis should result in their comprehensible and logical form, compliant with linguistic rules.
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Stereotypy i uprzedzenia w zarządzaniu międzykulturowym

100%
Pabian A.
Zarządzanie w Kulturze
|
2024
|
vol. 25
|
issue 3
463-472
EN
Stereotypes and prejudices are present both in social culture as well as in business. They are particularly visible in multicultural management situations. Therefore, overcoming barriers through a better understanding of the mechanisms that create stereotypes in the professional environment is an important element of modern managerial activity, without which companies cannot develop properly and successfully develop. In this article, the author attempts to contribute to the literature on cross-cultural management by drawing attention to the important aspects that affect the effectiveness of team work in an international work environment. He emphasizes the importance of recognizing and then eliminating stereotypes and prejudices that can lead to discrimination and limit the potential of companies operating in the global market. In his research, the author used the desk research method. A critical analysis of scientific literature was conducted, websites and forums of various companies, social media profiles and blogs were studied as well as the statements of experts and management practitioners were analyzed. In his research, the author adopted a theoretical cognitive perspective, viewing stereotypes as resistant to change and most often false beliefs about people from another group.
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