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PL
Communication is one of the most important elements of human existence, because man as a social being strives to communicate with others. Communication skills influence the degree of acceptance of the person by other members of the community and help to achieve success in various aspects of life and social roles. The article focuses on the analysis of communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal, of a child with Asperger syndrome (AS). The purpose of this article is to show the specific way in which people with Asperger syndrome communicate, which makes it difficult for them to find themselves in the school community – being a good pupil and a good colleague.
EN
The preschool period is a peculiar stage of child speech and language development in terms of both quantity and quality. Children’s vocabulary increases and the semantic aspect of the words they use extends. Preschool-aged children should make utterances that are relevant to the situation and also know specific grammatical rules. This proves their maturity in this area. The quality of speech and language development shows mainly in children's ability to communicate with different people – both peers and adults. Making fluent utterances becomes noticeable in children’s school readiness. School readiness results from children’s experiences collected thanks to their own activities as well as thanks to the learning received from educational institutions (preschool, school, counseling center) and the family. According to this approach, school readiness can be understood as the preparedness of the child with Asperger syndrome for academic tasks. The literature lacks studies on school readiness in students with Asperger syndrome. School readiness is presented with reference to the developmental norm, taking into account children’s biological maturity and, at the same time, the readiness of appointed institutions and communities to support children’s capacities in individual areas. In the role of students, experiencing the world in purposely designed (academic) situations, children with Asperger syndrome may encounter difficulties. The article discusses the concept of school readiness and its components in the context of communication capacities in students with Asperger syndrome. Theoretical approaches to the elements of school readiness presented are expanded with examples of various situations in which children with Asperger syndrome showed their communication skills. The situations described in the article come from observations made as part of the authors research on support for students with autism spectrum disorders in academic situations.
Research in Language
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2014
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vol. 12
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issue 1
1-25
EN
From a theoretical point of view, this paper offers a new framework for the analysis of discourse markers: a pragmatic-perceptive model that emphasizes the point of the communication process in which such particles become more relevant. Furthermore, this approach tries to give an account of the modal expressions (attenuators and intensifiers) that speakers use in oral speech. The quotients of absolute and relative frequency with regard to the use of textual, interactive and enunciative markers – focused on the message, the addressee and the addresser respectively – are compared in two samples of 20 subjects with typical development and other 20 with Asperger syndrome. The general results of this research suggest that these latter speakers display a suitable command of textual markers, whereas they overexploit the enunciative ones in conversation.
EN
From a theoretical point of view, this paper offers a new framework for the analysis of discourse markers: a pragmatic-perceptive model that emphasizes the point of the communication process in which such particles become more relevant. Furthermore, this approach tries to give an account of the modal expressions (attenuators and intensifiers) that speakers use in oral speech. The quotients of absolute and relative frequency with regard to the use of textual, interactive and enunciative markers - focused on the message, the addressee and the addresser respectively - are compared in two samples of 20 subjects with typical development and other 20 with Asperger syndrome. The general results of this research suggest that these latter speakers display a suitable command of textual markers, whereas they overexploit the enunciative ones in conversation.
EN
The article analyses three autobiographies of autistic individuals translated into the Czech language – Nobody nowhere (Donna Williams), Life behind glass (Wendy Lawson), and Life with Asperger syndrome: a story of psychotherapy (Christine Preissmann). It shows, how the authors describe their specific symptoms and interests, family and partner relationships and career. The analysis focuses on strategies that were selected by the authors for coping with the autistic handicap. It comes to a conclusion that autistic persons consider different symptoms to be the worst than those conventionally described in textbooks and monographs on autism. In these three autobiographies, sensory overload in stressful situations was estimated from the subjective point of view to be the most unpleasant symptom.
EN
The article is devoted to special educational needs and difficulties of Asperger syndrome (AS) students. Asperger syndrome is more and more often diagnosed in Poland. As a consequence, the number of such students in Polish schools is growing. However, the problem is that teachers are not taught how to work and deal with Asperger syndrome and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) students. The aim of the article is to shortly characterise ASD and AS, show the areas of ASD and AS students’ difficulties and give some simple hints of how to behave, what to do and what to avoid in the classroom where these students are present.
PL
The article presents the tasks of speech therapy and the planned activities undertaken to support the communication development of the child with the Asperger syndrome. An attempt to describe communication disorders and the relationship with the aforementioned therapy is based on the selected case study. The article also presents such issues as the development of the child’s motor skills, the medical documentation, and the results of specialist and authors’ research.
EN
The purpose of this study is to present a diagnostic tool to assess the nonverbal pragmatic behaviors of people with Asperger syndrome, with the intent to give an account of the severity of symptoms in the area of nonverbal interaction, as well as providing a profile of nonverbal behaviors that may be targeted for intervention. Through this communication profile, overall nonverbal ability is calculated in a group of 20 subjects with Asperger syndrome. The proposed scale also includes the measurement of the following nonverbal dimensions: (1) eye gaze, (2) facial expression, (3) body language and posture, (4) proxemics, (5) gestures, and (6) paralanguage. The results of this assessment suggest low nonverbal pragmatic ability in these subjects, show specific deficits in nonverbal communication, and capture variability in nonverbal behavior in individuals with AS.
EN
For many years, both the DSM‑IV and ICD-10 have built up the misconception that there are no language disorders in Asperger’s syndrome. This has had a significant impact on the problems with the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, and has been the cause of many misdiagnoses. The current editions: DSM-5 and ICD-11 have not changed the established approach. Many years of research and clinical experience have allowed the author of this article to verify the view of normal speech and communication development in Asperger syndrome. We now know that children with ZA may manifest different types of disorders, concerning both systemic and communicative competence. The author of the article characterises the types of language problems observed in ZA, including: the specificity of early speech development, alalia (delayed speech development), aphasia, comprehension of speech and intonation of speech and indicates their sources and examples. This is of great importance in the context of the correct diagnosis and therapy of children on the autism spectrum, including the differential diagnosis of autism and Asperger syndrome.
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Tekst pisany w zespole Aspergera

75%
Logopedia
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2019
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vol. 48
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issue 2
241-262
PL
Zespół Aspergera pozostaje nadal nie w pełni opisany na gruncie logopedii. Będzie o to jeszcze trudniej, ponieważ najnowsze klasyfikacje poświęcone zaburzeniom ze spektrum autyzmu nie uwzględniają aspektu językowych i komunikacyjnych trudności osób żyjących z tym zaburzeniem. Poniższy artykuł jest próbą zastosowania metodologii tekstu pisanego do analizy pisemnych wypowiedzi dorosłych mężczyzn z zespołem Aspergera przy uwzględnieniu wyznaczników spójności tekstu: spójności gramatycznej (kohezji), spójności semantycznej (koherencji) i spójności pragmatycznej. Tekst zawiera jakościową i ilościową analizę wytworów pisanych osób z zespołem Aspergera.
EN
Asperger’s syndrome is still not fully described on grounds of speech therapy. It will be even more difficult because the latest classifications devoted to autism spectrum disorders do not take into account the language and communication difficulties of people living with this disorder. The following article is an attempt to apply the written methodology to analyze written statements of adult men with Asperger syndrome, taking into account the determinants of text coherence: grammatical consistency (cohesion), semantic coherence and pragmatic coherence. The text contains a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the products of people with Asperger syndrome.
XX
Asperger syndrome is a disorder belonging to the autism spectrum. People suffering from it have problems with social functioning and communication, as well as special interests and routine activities. People with Asperger syndrome are characterised by a varying degree of severity of symptoms, hence their prognoses differ and depend on the degree of acquiring social skills by them during therapy. For this reason, it can not be clearly stated that these people are incapable of undertaking essential conjugal duties [marital obligations] under Canon 1095 No. 3 of the Code of Canon Law and thus giving a valid consent to marriage. As a matter of fact, most people suffering from this disorder will not be capable of doing this but it can not be excluded that those who are characterised by low intensity of the symptoms will manifest only difficulty in undertaking such duties [obligations], like caring for a spouse and establishing a sustainable life community, thus will have the capacitas to contract a canonical marriage.
EN
The subject of the discussion in this article is the ability of social functioning of people diagnosed with autism. Autism is a kind of pervasive developmental disorders that causes difficulty in building relationships with others. It has negative effect on functioning in a society. More and more actions are taken to enable autistic people function in a society and improve their life’s quality. It is worth considering what characteristics evinced by autistic people may have some impact on their social life and what actions should be implemented to support these people in making professional activity and in the acquiring some skills in order to be independent and function well in the social life.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to present different perceptual strategies presented in American popular cinema. In film reality, perception of the world is determined by many different factors. Among them we can distinguish two dominant groups: internal factors, genetically conditioned mental illness, and external factors – enforced ways of reading reality, determined by ideology, the political system and technical civilization. The first part of the elaboration includes analyses of films, describing the falsity of the existing reality. Dystopian images, such as The Matrix and The Truman Show, in fact clearly refer to the concept of “simulacra” by Jean Baudrillard, the theory of the “brain in a dish” by Hilary Putnam and the theatrum mundi theme. In the second part of the work, struggles with mental disorders were included, significantly affecting the perception of reality. In works such as A Beautiful Mind, Forrest Gump and Rain Man, the topic of genius affected by mental illness is visible.
PL
Tekst jest próbą spojrzenia na historię dyskursu o autyzmie z perspektywy studiów o niepełnosprawności. Ze względu na nieostrą definicję i wciąż niepoznane przyczyny autyzm stanowił przestrzeń kulturowych projekcji na temat niepełnosprawności i choroby psychicznej. Jak argumentuję, zarówno determinacja współczesnej nauki, jak i jej porażka w obiekty­wizacji autyzmu za pomocą metod nauk empirycznych ma związek z odcieleśnioną naturą autyzmu, która wciąż ujawnia swoją arbitralność i społeczną, a nie biologiczną, konstrukcję. Jednocześnie dopiero w XXI wieku do głosu doszły same osoby autystyczne, które próbują uczynić z autyzmu pozytywny i integralny element swojej tożsamości.
PL
Popularne od lat 70. XX wieku podejście komunikacyjne postawiło w centrum zainteresowania ucznia, czego efektem jest wzrost znaczenia jego autonomii w nauczaniu i uczeniu się języka obcego. Z drugiej jednak strony, wciąż istotnym elementem procesu glottodydaktycznego pozostaje nauczyciel, który ma obowiązek dbania o rozwój ucznia i wspierania go w nim. To znowu wiąże się z kwestią indywidualizacji procesu nauczania, szczególnie w odniesieniu do niektórych, bardziej wymagających, grup uczniowskich. Zagadnienie autonomii ucznia oraz specjalnych potrzeb edukacyjnych jest szczególnie istotne dla dwóch grup uczniowskich, z którymi coraz częściej można spotkać się w trakcie pracy glottodydaktycznej w szkole, tj. uczniów ze zdiagnozowaną dysleksją oraz uczniów z zespołem Aspergera. Obydwie grupy wymagają indywidualnego podejścia, ale ich specyfika często wykracza poza podstawową wiedzę, z jaką nauczyciel, szczególnie ten młody, rozpoczyna pracę.
EN
Communicative language teaching that has been popular since the mid-70s situates a learner in the centre of scientific and research attention. The consequence of that is the growing importance of learner’s autonomy during the process of teaching and learning a foreign language. On the other hand, a teacher is still an important element of the glottodidactic process – it is the teacher who is obliged to take care of the learner’s development and progress and to support him or her in it. That is, though, connected with the individual approach to teaching, especially in relation to some more demanding groups of school students. The problem of learner’s autonomy and of special educational needs is especially important for two school students groups that more and more often occur on the lessons of English, i.e. dyslectic students and the ones suffering from the Asperger syndrome. For both groups of students individual treatment and approach is crucial, but the specificity of both of them quite often goes beyond the knowledge a teacher, especially the young, non-experienced one, possesses.
Logopedia
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2019
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vol. 48
|
issue 1
47-61
PL
Autorka dokonuje przeglądu terminologii związanej z zaburzeniami semantycznymi i pragmatycznymi. Wskazuje, że zaburzenia te stanowią wyzwanie diagnostyczne, zwłaszcza gdy przyczyny i mechanizmy zaburzeń nie są jeszcze w pełni rozpoznane, a opisy objawów nie są wystarczająco pogłębione. Wymienia inne przyczyny trudności w diagnozowaniu, do których zalicza: brak pełnej zgodności między potrzebami praktyki, zmieniającym się stanem wiedzy a obowiązującymi klasyfikacjami medycznymi; brak szczegółowych norm rozwojowych dla rozwoju semantycznego i pragmatycznego (dla każdego języka naturalnego); trudności w ocenie i diagnozie zjawisk dotyczących sfery psychicznej; trudności w różnicowaniu subtelnych form zaburzeń czy trudności z normą. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu omawia rozumienie terminu „zaburzenie semantyczno-pragmatyczne” (SPD), jego historię oraz próby dookreślania relacji SPD z autyzmem, zespołem Aspergera i SLI. Przedstawia podejście ukierunkowane na jednostki nozologiczne i podejście deskryptywne, przekrojowe. Referuje zmiany w diagnozowaniu zaburzeń autystycznych oraz według DSM-V. Porusza problem nazywania zaburzeń mowy w rozmowach z rodzicami, w okresie prediagnostycznym i postdiagnostycznym, gdy zaburzenie, według kryteriów medycznych, zostało wykluczone.
EN
The article focuses on terminology related to semantic and pragmatic disorders. The author points out that semantic and pragmatic difficulties are a diagnostic challenge, especially when the causes and mechanisms are not yet fully identified and the descriptions of the symptoms are not sufficiently developed. She lists other reasons for difficulties in diagnosis, which include: lack of full compliance between the needs of the practice, changing knowledge and current medical classifications; lack of knowledge about semantic and pragmatic norms in child’s language development (for each natural language); difficulties in assessing and diagnosing mental disorders; difficulty in differentiating subtle forms of disorders with the norm. She discusses the understanding of the term “semantic-pragmatic disorder” (SPD) and attempts to specify its history and the relationship with autism, Asperger’s syndrome and SLI. The author presents an approach focused on nosological units and a descriptive approach. She refers to changes in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders and social communication disorders according to DSM-V. In the final part, the article raises a question of using the names of speech disorders in conversations with parents, in the prediagnostic and postdiagnostic period, when the disorder has been ruled out according to medical criteria.
17
51%
PL
Zespół Aspergera to zaburzenie, które w dzisiejszych czasach diagnozuje się coraz częściej. Charakterystycznymi cechami tego zespołu są: brak empatii, jednostronne rozmowy, ograniczona zdolność budowania relacji, np. przyjaźni, niezdarna motoryka oraz niezwykle intensywne zainteresowanie jakimś konkretnym tematem. Cechy te, odpowiednio ukierunkowane i wykorzystane, są w stanie sprawić, że osoby z tym zaburzeniem mogą stać się bardzo dobrymi pracownikami. Badania, które przeprowadzono w artykule, jasno pokazują, że osoby z zespołem Aspergera chcą pracować zawodowo, a zatrudnienie jest dla nich nie tylko możliwością zarobienia pieniędzy, ale też dającą satysfakcję terapią. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika również, że osoby z zespołem Aspergera największe predyspozycje mają do zawodów związanych z informatyką, przedmiotami ścisłymi, np. matematyką oraz historią.
EN
Asperger syndrome is a disorder that is currently more and more often diagnosed. The characteristic features of this syndrome are: lack of empathy, one-sided conversations, limited ability to build relationships such as eg. friendship, clumsy motor skills and a very intense interest in a particular topic. These features, suitably targeted and used, can make persons with this disorder very good workers. The research conducted in this study clearly show that people with Asperger syndrome want to work professionally, and work is not only a possibility for them to earn money, but is also a therapy giving them satisfaction. The research conducted by the author also shows that persons with Asperger syndrome have the greatest predisposition to the professions related to informatics, science subjects such as eg. mathematics and history.
18
51%
PL
W artykule prezentowane są wyniki badań dotyczących myślenia twórczego dzieci z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu. Analiza tego zagadnienia opiera się na dyferencjacji autystycznego spektrum zaburzeń. Rozróżnienie autyzmu wczesnodziecięcego, zespołu Aspergera oraz autyzmu wysokofunkcjonującego jest punktem wyjścia rozważań nad metodologicznymi trudnościami związanymi z prowadzeniem badań nad zdolnościami twórczymi w autyzmie. W artykule wskazano również możliwe kierunki dalszych prac w tym zakresie.
EN
This paper presents the results of research on creative thinking in children with autism spectrum disorders. The analysis of this issue is based on the differentiation of autism spectrum disorders. The distinction between early infantile autism, Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism is the starting point for the analysis of methodological difficulties in conducting research on creative abilities in autism. The article also identifies possible directions for further work in this area
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