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The paper discusses a model of matching process which was proposed by two American mathematicians: David Gale and Lloyd S. Shapley. The basic concept defined by them was the stable allocation, which can be achieved with so-called deferred acceptance algorithm. The article analyzes the problems discussed by the theory of stable allocations on the basis of graph theory. It has been shown that the issues raised by this theory can be ana-lyzed using bipartite graphs and networks weighted. They also formulated conditions which should be met in purpose to solve a problem of matching. References relate to the labor market, as a discussed issue is applicable in practice, especially in the design of systems of recruitment companies. The aim of the article is to present the problem of bilateral associa-tions with the use of the language of graph theory and an indication of possible applications in the area of search and match of job seekers and employers.
EN
This work deals with the situation of languages in contact and explores the nature of bilingual lexicon by studying lexical availability. Based on the results published in 2010 in Lèxic disponible de València, and in relation to ‘town’ as the center of interest, the study applied a new analytical tool called DispoGrafo, which enabled us to observe issues related to the construction and organization of the mental lexicon, for example, the incidence or profitability of facilitating semantic–priming–in clusters made up of three or more closely linked elements. The sample was obtained from 464 high school students of 2nd baccalaureate in the Valencia province, and was established to represent the ‘normal language’ variable. Two subgroups were formed: valencià-L1 (253 students) and valencià-L2 (211 students).
EN
. The problem of teaching methods classification doesn’t lose its importance nowadays, because it gives the opportunity to analyze each method potential and to identify ways for its improvement, further development and implementation. A large number of approaches to teaching methods classification exists due to the complexity of the study object and seriousness of the tasks set by society before the modern professional school. The use of the memberwise disjunction mechanism in training methods classification which allows to take to the account wider range of different teaching methods symptoms is proposed. Visualization of the proposed classification with the help of graphs preserves the informational content of the multivariate data in a convenient, human-readable form, simplifies the perception of such classification and focuses attention on its features. Depending on the objectives of effective learning provision, it is possible to change the dominant criteria, and accordingly choose an effective, in this case, teaching methods. In the given example, a logical connection between teaching methods and students’ types of consciousness and thinking is shown.
EN
Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Large Scale Polish CLARIN Heterogeneous Lexical ResourcesLexical resources can be applied in many different Natural Language Engineering tasks, but the most fundamental task is the recognition of word senses used in text contexts. The problem is difficult, not yet fully solved and different lexical resources provided varied support for it. Polish CLARIN lexical semantic resources are based on the plWordNet - a very large wordnet for Polish - as a central structure which is a basis for linking together several resources of different types. In this paper, several Word Sense Disambiguation (henceforth WSD) methods developed for Polish that utilise plWordNet are discussed. Textual sense descriptions in the traditional lexicon can be compared with text contexts using Lesk’s algorithm in order to find best matching senses. In the case of a wordnet, lexico-semantic relations provide the main description of word senses. Thus, first, we adapted and applied to Polish a WSD method based on the Page Rank. According to it, text words are mapped on their senses in the plWordNet graph and Page Rank algorithm is run to find senses with the highest scores. The method presents results lower but comparable to those reported for English. The error analysis showed that the main problems are: fine grained sense distinctions in plWordNet and limited number of connections between words of different parts of speech. In the second approach plWordNet expanded with the mapping onto the SUMO ontology concepts was used. Two scenarios for WSD were investigated: two step disambiguation and disambiguation based on combined networks of plWordNet and SUMO. In the former scenario, words are first assigned SUMO concepts and next plWordNet senses are disambiguated. In latter, plWordNet and SUMO are combined in one large network used next for the disambiguation of senses. The additional knowledge sources used in WSD improved the performance. The obtained results and potential further lines of developments were discussed.
EN
Probability model on multistage decision process is discussed with particular emphasis on special case using the rule R(4, 2). An idea of importance graph ties is presented. Possibility recording probability of success in multistage decision process as linear combination others probabilities of the decision process is presented as well.
PL
W artykule rozważany jest model probabilistyczny wielostopniowego procesu decyzyjnego ze specjalnym uwzględnieniem przypadku użycia reguły R(4, 2). Zaprezentowano ideę wiązań w grafach oraz możliwość przedstawienia prawdopodobieństwa sukcesu w wielostopniowym procesie decyzyjnym jako liniową kombinację innych prawdopodobieństw w procesie decyzyjnym.
PL
FinAi przeprowadziło projekt budowy innowacyjnego modelu ryzyka kredytowego w oparciu o dane alternatywne takie jak dane z portali społecznościowych (Facebook, Linkedin), czy dane z telefonów komórkowych. Projekt ten był współfinansowany ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego w ramach umowy o dofinansowanie zawartej przez FinAi S.A. z Narodowym Centrum Badań i Rozwoju z siedzibą w Warszawie. Pierwszym etap projektu polegał na zebraniu danych i wykorzystaniu ich do budowy grafu powiązań pomiędzy klientami. Dodatkowo, na podstawie danych zewnętrznych i danych zarządzanych przez FinAi, zbudowano flagi mające na celu nauczenie pod ich nadzorem modelu predykcyjnego wykorzystujące struktury grafowe. Zbudowany w taki sposób model miał charakteryzować się większą mocą predykcyjną niż standardowe modele stosowane w branży. Badano możliwości budowy modelu ryzyka kredytowego w oparciu o pozyskane dane oraz jakość danych pochodzących ze źródeł alternatywnych. Wykazano m.in., że alternatywne źródła danych są wypełnione dla niewielkiego odsetka populacji, a ich jakość jest niezadowalająca. Wielkość zbioru okazała się niewystarczająca do budowy wiarygodnego modelu ryzyka kredytowego czy osiągnięcia przewagi w stosunku do modeli funkcjonujących w bankach.
EN
FinAi has undertaken a project focused on the development of an innovative credit risk model utilizing alternative data sources, such as data from social media platforms (Facebook, LinkedIn) and mobile phone records. This project was co-financed through the European Regional Development Fund under a funding agreement between FinAi S.A. and the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR), headquartered in Warsaw. The initial phase of the project involved the collection of data and their utilization in constructing a network graph of customer relationships. Furthermore, leveraging external data as well as data managed by FinAi, specific indicators were formulated. These indicators were employed under the supervision of experts to train a predictive model that incorporated graph structures. The model thus constructed was to exhibit a higher predictive capability compared to conventional models commonly employed within the industry. The study explored the feasibility of creating a credit risk model based on the acquired data and assessed the quality of data originating from alternative sources. It was demonstrated that alternative data sources were populated for a small fraction of the population, and their quality has proven unsatisfactory. The scale of the dataset proved inadequate for establishing a robust credit risk model or attaining a competitive advantage over the models in use within banking institutions.
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