Search results

1

Typological Distance Between Korean And The Other Languages Of Asia

100%

Tambovtsev Y.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2008

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vol. 50

177-186

EN

The present typological study of the Korean language is based on the frequency of occurrence of consonants in comparison to sound chains of various languages of Asia. The article deals with the typological distances between Korean and some languages of Asia from the point of view of the frequency of occurrence of consonants in the speech sound chain, which creates the sound picture of any language. Actually, the chosen 8 phonetic features (labial, front. palatal, velar, sonorant, occlusive, fricative and voiced) are the most informative from the phonetic point of view, since they cover all the three main classifications of consonants: 1) the classification from the point of view of the work of the active organ of speech production, which is often called the place of articulation; 2) the classification by the manner of articulation; 3) the classification by the work of vocal cords. It was discovered that some languages are closer to Japanese and some to Korean. Though Japanese and Korean are considered isolated languages, Turkic languages are closer to Korean than the other languages. In fact, such Turkic languages as Tatar-Baraba (5.20), Turkish (5.64), Ujgur (5.70), Tatar-Chulym (6.24), Dolgan (7.31), Tatar-Crimean (7.71), Tatar-Kazan (7.53), Jakutian (7.58) are closer to Korean than Japanese (7.88). Therefore one can come to the conclusion, that those linguists who place Korean in to the Altaic language unity are quite correct.

2

Korean language learning demotivation among EFL instructors in South Korea

88%

Gearing N.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2019

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vol. 9

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issue 1

199-223

EN

Studies investigating the motivation of L1 speakers of English to learn the national language of the host society they currently reside in remain rare, despite the exponential growth of such individuals residing in these nations this century. Previous such studies in South Korea have concluded that learning Korean as a second language (L2) is largely perceived as difficult, unnecessary and is therefore accompanied by experiences of demotivation and amotivation (see Gearing & Roger, 2018). However, these studies did not explicitly address demotivation and amotivation when examining experiences that affect the motivation to learn Korean of 14 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instructors working in South Korean university language education centers (LECs). Therefore, this study investigates which learning experiences resulted in the amotivation of participants and how two participants who experienced demotivation employed strategies to remotivate themselves. Coding of semi-structured interviews and optional diaries found that despite intent, most participants displayed symptoms of both amotivation and demotivation. The main implication of this study is that in the absence of perceived necessity, affected individuals with insufficient internal motivation or vision to acquire Korean consequently attribute externally related demotivating experiences to pre-existing or resulting amotivation.

3

ON SOME SELECTED PROBLEMS OF KOREAN ABBREVIOLOGY

88%

BOROWIAK A.

International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences

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2015

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vol. 1

137-164

KO

우리는 생활의 속도가 지속적으로 가속화되어 가고 있는 시대에서 살고 있다. 이러한 사실을 감안해 볼 때 최소의 노력으로 최대의 효과를 얻을 수 있다는 목적을 달성하기 위한 ‘언어의 경제성’이 일상생활에서 그만큼 중요해졌다는 것은 놀랄 만한 일이 아니다. 다양한 종류의 ‘줄어든 말 (축약)’의 사용은 충분하지 않은 시간을 절약할 수 있도록 우리에게 도움을 준다. 그런데 ‘줄어든 말’의 남용은 원활한 의사소통을 방해할 수 있으며, 결국에는 분명하고 명확하게 정보를 전달하고 짧은 시간 안에 청자의 응답을 받으려는 화자의 의지와는 전혀 다른 반응, 즉 역효과를 가져올 수도 있다. 실제로 화자가 말한 내용을 청자가 이해하지 못하거나, 잘못 이해한 경우에는 불필요한 담화를 지속해야 할 수도 있다. 왜냐하면 명확하지 못한 부분을 설명하기 위한 추가 질문과 대답이 필요하기 때문이다. 대체로 구어체 한국어에서 사용되는 축약형은 크게 어휘 단위가 축약된 ‘준말’과 문법적인 단위의 음운 탈락이나 축약인 ‘줄어든 말’로 나눌 수 있다. 두문자어 (acronyms), 혼성어 (blends), 단축어 (clipping) 등과 같은 축소된 어휘 단위가 한국 언어학자들에 의하여 간략하게 언급되며 기본적으로 어휘형성법에 관한 논의에서 제외되어 있으나, 일상생활에서 그러한 어휘의 광범위한 사용을 고려한다면 훨씬 더 많은 연구의 대상이 되어야 한다. 그리고 문법 단위가 축약된 형태 또한 빈번하게 사용됨에도 불구하고 연구의 대상이 되는 경우는 흔하지 않다. 본 연구는 주로 구어체 한국어에서 사용되는 축약된 문법 단위를 관찰하여 그 특질을 드러내는 데에 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 조사와 어미, 문법적 구조의 세 가지 범주를 대상으로 하위 구분하여 논의할 것이다. 그러나 이 연구는 축약된 문법 단위만을 논의 주제로 삼되 조사나 어휘의 탈락은 논외로 한다.

EN

Given the fact that we live in the era where the pace of life is constantly speeding up, it is no surprise that ‘the economy of language’ - meaning the efficient usage of language in order to achieve the maximum effect for the minimum effort has become so important in everyday life. Using abbreviated forms of different kinds is supposed to help us to economize continuously insufficient amount of time. Their overuse, however, can hamper effective communication and bring the adverse effect from what the speaker’s intention was – namely to communicate the message clearly and unambiguously and receive a response to it in a short time. Incomprehension or misunderstanding of the message leads, in fact, to unnecessarily prolonging the conversation since it requires asking additional questions in order to explain what is unclear to the listener. Reduced forms used mainly in spoken Korean can largely be divided into lexical and grammatical ones. Lexical shortenings of different kinds such as acronyms, blends, clippings etc. although rarely and rather briefly discussed by Korean linguists and basically excluded from the debate on word-formation issues definitely deserve much more attention taking into account their extensive usage. As for grammatical abbreviations, despite its frequent occurrence, the subject is not that often taken up and discussed either. The aim of this article is to present some characteristic properties of grammatical abbreviations used mainly in spoken Korean. The reduced forms in question will be divided into three categories namely - particles, endings and grammatical constructions and discussed separately. This article however focuses only on those abbreviated forms, which means leaving the subject of particle or word ellipsis beyond its scope.

4

Phonotactic Probabilities and Sub-syllabic Segmentation in Language Learning

88%

Luef E. M., Resnik P.

Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition

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2023

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vol. 9

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issue 1

1-31

EN

High phonotactic probabilities are known to exert a facilitative effect on word learning in children and adults in their first language. The present study was designed to investigate the role of phonotactic probabilities when learning a foreign language. Focusing on Austrian and Korean learners of English, we investigated two hypotheses related to phonotactic frequency effects: (1) High-frequency segments have more deeply entrenched phonetic representations, with more automatized pronunciation patterns, rendering phonetic learning of homophonous segments more difficult; (2) High-frequency segments are associated with higher phonetic variability in the first language, which can facilitate phonetic learning in a foreign language. Additionally, the locus of phoneme/ bigram frequency effects was analyzed in relation to left-branching and right-branching syllable structure in German and Korean. We found that proximity to English voice-onset time is correlated with phoneme and bigram frequencies in the first language, but results varied by learner group. Sub-syllabic segmentation of the first language was also shown to be an influential factor. Our study is grounded in research on frequency effects and combines its central premise with phonetic learning in a foreign language. The results show a tight relationship between first language statistical probabilities and phonetic learning in a foreign language.

5

Hybrid derivatives in contemporary Korean

87%

Borowiak A.

Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia

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2020

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vol. 20

PL

The advances in international and intercultural communication resulting in the multilingualism of native communicative communities and ultimately leading to the creation of the global communicative community, is well reflected in the lexical subsystem of many languages all around the world. This subsystem is continuously being enriched not only with numerous borrowings but also with the formations of hybrid type. As far as the Korean language is concerned, opening of the Korean borders to the world in 1876, also opened ‘the lexicon borders’ to the considerable number of Western loanwords, which, with time, started to be used in morpheme-based word-formation processes such as derivation and composition, as well as in new word-formation processes – among them blending and reanalysis. Despite the fact that there are two types of hybrid derivatives distinguished according to the origin of their counterparts (roots and affixes), which are coined and used in contemporary Korean, this article, given its scope, focuses only on the derivatives having the Koreanized bases of European provenance.

6

Exponents of Deontic Modality in Korean, Indonesian, English and Polish: A Contrastive Translative Perspective

75%

Oh K.-G., Matulewska A., Zozula D.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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2017

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issue 2

7

‘Almost people’: A Learner Corpus Account of L2 Use and Misuse of Non-numerical Quantification

75%

Crosthwaite P., Choy L. L. Y., Bae Y.

Open Linguistics

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

We present an Integrated Contrastive Model of non-numerical quantificational NPs (NNQs, i.e. ‘some people’) produced by L1 English speakers and Mandarin and Korean L2 English learners. Learner corpus data was sourced from the ICNALE (Ishikawa, 2011, 2013) across four L2 proficiency levels. An average 10% of L2 NNQs were specific to L2 varieties, including noun number mismatches (*‘many child’), omitting obligatory quantifiers after adverbs (*‘almost people’), adding unnecessary particles (*‘all of people’) and non-L1 English-like quantifier/noun agreement (*‘many water’). Significantly fewer ‘openclass’ NNQs (e.g a number of people) are produced by L2 learners, preferring ‘closed-class’ single lexical quantifiers (following L1-like use). While such production is predictable via L1 transfer, Korean L2 English learners produced significantly more L2-like NNQs at each proficiency level, which was not entirely predictable under a transfer account. We thus consider whether positive transfer of other linguistic forms (i.e. definiteness marking) aids the learnability of other L2 forms (i.e. expression of quantification).

8

A Cognitive Mechanism Of “Mirative”

75%

Izutsu K., Izutsu N. M.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2008

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vol. 50

127-142

EN

The present article argues that mirative markers are describable as the speaker’s confirmation of the relevant event conception that lies in or comes into his or her assumption (the immediate scope of predication). Mirativity can consist of at most three elements: (i) ‘the relevant event conception’s coming into the speaker’s assumption from either inside or outside his/her mind’ (UNEXPECTEDNESS), (ii) ‘the recency and quickness of the event conception’s coming into the assumption’ (ABRUPTNESS), and (iii) ‘the remarkable (un)desirability of the conception’ ((UN)HAPPINESS). The speaker’s confirmation is analyzable as the conception’s coming into the confirmed part of the assumption. It is further shown that different degrees of mirativity help to characterize the notional difference between Japanese, Korean, Ainu and Russian connective pairs traditionally treated as near synonyms. The mirative members of each connective pair manifest more elements of mirativity and focus more on the speaker’s assumption (an immediate scope) than their non-mirative or less mirative counterparts.

9

The use of refusal strategies in interlanguage speech act performance of Korean and Norwegian users of English

75%

Krulatz A., Dixon T.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2020

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vol. 10

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issue 4

751-777

EN

The present paper describes a contrastive study of interlanguage refusal strategies employed by Korean and Norwegian learners of English as an additional language. The data were collected from multilingual first-year students at an American university in South Korea and in an English-medium program at a Norwegian university by means of an online open discourse completion task and analyzed using the coding categories based on Beebe, Takahashi, and Uliss-Welts (1990), and Salazar Campillo, Safont-Jordà, and Codina Espurz (2009). The data were analyzed to compare the average frequencies of refusal strategies used by the two groups, and the types of direct, indirect, and adjunct strategies that they employed. Independent samples t-tests revealed significant differences in the use of direct and indirect strategies with small effect sizes. The differences in the use of adjunct strategies were not statistically significant, and the effect sizes were negligible. Descriptive statistics of the differences in the types of direct, indirect, and adjunct strategies also revealed interesting patterns. The findings suggest that multilinguals’ pragmatic performance is a complex phenomenon that cannot be explained by the differences in cultural and pragmatic norms of their first language alone.

10

Borrowed affixes in contemporary Korean

63%

Borowiak A.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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2022

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issue 1

11

A DRAFT CLASSIFICATION OF ATTRIBUTES IN KOREAN AND POLISH LANGUAGES

51%

BOROWIAK A.

International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences

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2017

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vol. 3

11-50

PL

Porównując różne klasyfikacje części zdania, istniejące w języku koreańskim i polskim, potwierdzimy występowanie przydawek. Pomimo, iż angielski termin określający przydawkę - ‘attribute’ nie jest stosowany przez koreańskich lingwistów, ze względu na podobieństwa gwanhyeongeo (kor. 관형어) w języku koreańskim i przydawkami w języku polskim oraz dla zachowania przejrzystości, termin ten będzie stosowany.Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaproponowanie klasyfikacji przydawek w języku koreańskim i polskim, opartej na parametrach formalnych, syntaktycznych oraz leksykalnych. Aby precyzyjnie scharakteryzować przydawki, najpierw zostaną przeanalizowane różne definicje tej części zdania oraz metody ich klasyfikacji, zaproponowane przez różnych koreańskich i polskich językoznawców. Autor żywi nadzieję, iż niniejsze badanie ujawni, do jakiego stopnia różnice typologiczne istniejące pomiędzy językiem koreańskim i polskim są odzwierciedlone we własnościach, według których przydawki w obu językach mogą zostać sklasyfikowane.

KO

한국어와 폴란드어에 각각 존재하는 다양한 문장 성분의 분류를 분석해 보면 양국 언어에서 관형어의 실재를 쉽게 확인할 수 있다. ‘Attribute’란 용어 자체가 한국 언어학자들에 의해 실제로 사용되지 않음으로써 잘 알려져 있지 않지만, 한국어 문장에서 관형어의 기능은 폴란드어 문장에서의 ‘attribute’와 기능이 유사하기 때문에 연구의 명확성을 위해서 ‘attribute’라는 용어를 사용할 것이다.본 연구의 목적은 두 언어에서의 형태적ㆍ통사적ㆍ의미적 매개 변수를 바탕으로 둔 포괄적인 관형어의 분류를 제안하는 데에 있다. 이 과제를 최대한 철저히 수행하기 위하여 먼저 한국과 폴란드의 여러 언어학자들이 관형어를 어떻게 정의하고 분류해 왔는지를 알아볼 것이다.본고는 한국어와 폴란드어 간의 유형론적인 차이가 관형어의 속성을 분류하는 방법에 어느 정도 반영되는지를 밝혀 내고자 한다.

EN

Analyzing various classifications of sentence parts in Korean and Polish, it is easy to identify the existence of attributes in both of them, although the English term itself is not actually being used by Korean linguists, and thus might not be well known. Nevertheless, since the function of gwanhyeongeo (Kor. 관형어) in Korean, and attributes in Polish is similar, for the sake of transparency, this particular term will be used.The aim of this article is to propose a comprehensive classification of attributes in both target languages based on formal, syntactic and semantic parameters. In order to do it in the most exhaustive way, firstly different approaches concerning the definition of attributes, as well as the methods of their classification, proposed by various linguists in both languages will be examined. The author hopes to find out to which extent the typological differences between Korean and Polish are reflected in the attributes’ properties, according to which they can be classified.

Refine search results

Typological Distance Between Korean And The Other Languages Of Asia

Korean language learning demotivation among EFL instructors in South Korea

ON SOME SELECTED PROBLEMS OF KOREAN ABBREVIOLOGY

Phonotactic Probabilities and Sub-syllabic Segmentation in Language Learning

Hybrid derivatives in contemporary Korean

Exponents of Deontic Modality in Korean, Indonesian, English and Polish: A Contrastive Translative Perspective

‘Almost people’: A Learner Corpus Account of L2 Use and Misuse of Non-numerical Quantification

A Cognitive Mechanism Of “Mirative”

The use of refusal strategies in interlanguage speech act performance of Korean and Norwegian users of English

Borrowed affixes in contemporary Korean

A DRAFT CLASSIFICATION OF ATTRIBUTES IN KOREAN AND POLISH LANGUAGES