Search results - CEJSH

1

Grammar and Formulaicity in Foreign Language Teaching

100%

Gozdawa-Gołębiowsk R.

Glottodidactica

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2008

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vol. 34

75-86

EN

There are three general problem areas in the production of native-like language by the foreign learner: lexically based co-occurrence restrictions, inflectional paradigms and function words with little semantic impact. Remedial action can either be rule-based or dictionary-based. This corresponds to two traditionally recognized modes of sentence processing: analytic (with conscious reference to the grammatical system) or holistic (formulaic, where whole chunks are attended to). I argue for the existence of a third, middle-of-the-road strategy, which I tentatively label the "contentive" mode of sentence processing, with the focus on content-bearing individual lexical items.. Contentive processing is a key factor in the modular concept of formulaicity, proposed in this paper. A formula can be thought of as a bundle of opaque features, a recurrent unit, a social token or a morphosyntactic exemplar. This puts a different perspective on language teaching.

2

Inflectional Change Patterns in Arabic

80%

Abu Joudeh M., Al-Shboul S.

Psychology of Language and Communication

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2013

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vol. 17

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issue 2

203-227

EN

Most approaches to inflectional morphology propose a single-default representation. This research on Jordanian Arabic offers an analysis having more than one default inflection. This is accomplished by showing that unlike previous morphological accounts like the single-mechanism model, dual-mechanism model, and the schema model (cf. Pinker, 1990; Rumelhart & McClelland, 1986; and Bybee, 1985), the current research relies upon the ‘openness’ mechanism to define defaultness. Openness is thus defined as the ability of the inflectional process to accept new forms into a language. The corpus used in this research contains diminutives, verbal nouns, derivatives, and loan words used in JA. Other defining factors are modified in this research, such as regularity (rule-based mechanism) and productivity (type frequency). The findings of this research indicate that there are two possible defaults in Jordanian Arabic ordered in terms of openness: the sound feminine plural and the iambic broken plural. The findings have the implication that a language’s grammar can have a multi-default system.

3

GRAMMATICAL ISSUES IN JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION – DOES LEGAL PRACTICE NEEDS LINGUISTIC THEORY? BASED ON POLISH COURTS’ DECISIONS

80%

ZEIFERT M.

Comparative Legilinguistics

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2018

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vol. 34

33-51

PL

Większość problemów w interpretacji prawa tyczy się znaczenia słów zawartych w przepisach. W niniejszym tekście chciałbym poruszyć jednak problemy, które są powodowane przez gramatykę przepisów. Można wyróżnić pięć głównych źródeł tego rodzaju problemów: budowa składniowa zdania (np. szyk wyrazów), spójniki (np. i, lub), interpunkcja (np. przecinek, średnik, myślnik), deklinacyjne kategorie gramatyczne wyrazów (np. liczba, rodzaj), koniugacyjne kategorie gramatyczne wyrazów (np. aspekt, czas, tryb). Tradycyjne polskie dyrektywy wykładni nie oferują niemal żadnych wskazówek co do radzenia sobie z tego typu problemami. Co najwyżej można spotkać się z banalnym zaleceniem, by przepisy prawa interpretować zgodnie z regułami gramatyki języka polskiego. W praktyce tego typu sprawy są rozstrzygane w sposób wysoce niekonsekwentny. Sądy często dostrzegają sprzeczność pomiędzy formą gramatyczną przepisu, a jego celem, funkcją czy innymi pozajęzykowymi wartościami. W moim przekonaniu wynika to w dużej mierze z faktu, iż wizja gramatyki, jaką dysponują jest bardzo ograniczona – wywodzi się raczej z programu szkoły podstawowej niż ze współczesnych teorii lingwistycznych.

EN

Most interpretational problems in law pertain to the meaning of words. However, in this paper I address problems caused in Polish courts by grammar (namely: syntax and inflexion) of legal provisions. One can distinguish five main sources of grammatical issues in judicial interpretation of law: syntax of a sentence (i.e. order of words), conjunctive words (i.e. i, lub), punctuation marks (i.e. comma, semicolon, dash), nominal grammatical categories (i.e. number, gender), verbal grammatical categories (i. e. aspect, tense, mood). Traditional Polish canons of interpretation offer no clues on how to deal with such issues, stating only that statutes should be construed in accordance with the rules of grammar. In fact, cases in which such interpretational issues occur, are decided in a highly incoherent manner. The courts tend to feel a tension between grammatical form of a provision and its purpose, function, or other extra-linguistic values. I think the main reason of such controversy is a very limited vision of grammar shared by the courts, stemmed from primary school rather than contemporary linguistic theories.

4

THE EFFECT OF CALL-BASED TASKS ON EFL LEARNERS’ GRAMMAR LEARNING

80%

Alian J. e.-d., Khodabandeh F., Soleimani H.

Teaching English with Technology

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2018

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vol. 18

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issue 3

54-68

EN

In modern language teaching institutions and schools, the proficient language teachers apply different kinds of tasks to teach some skills and sub-skills. In the current study, the researcher investigated the effect of two different tasks, namely Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL)-based tasks and written questions tasks on students’ English grammar learning. The researcher in the control group asked the participants to answer the written questions in their workbooks and the participants in the experimental group do their assignments using the computers. Based on the post-test results, both CALL-based and written question tasks had positive effects on the participants. The study supports the idea that motivating tasks can have positive results toward language learning.

5

Становлення теорії синтаксичного зв’язку в українському мовознавстві (ХVІІ – початок ХХ ст.)

80%

Кобченко [Kobchenko] Н. N. В. V.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2018

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vol. 53

EN

The formation of the syntactic connection theory in the Ukrainian linguistics (17th – early 20th century)In Ukrainian linguistics, there are no historiographical papers offering an adequate description of the origin and development of the syntactic connection theory. Elsewhere, I have already proposed a periodization of the research on syntactic connections from the time of the appearance of first Slavic grammars until today, which distinguishes five historical stages. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize particularly the first three periods of the development of research on syntactic connections – from the 17th century until the 1930s. The first stage (17th–18th centuries) is the beginning of the syntactic connection theory. The syntactic chapters in the grammars of this period deal with studying the ability of some parts of speech to combine with other words. The second stage (19th century) is the period of approval of terminology and formation of the ground for deepening the syntactic connection theory. All scholars of the period defined two possible realizations of the syntactic connection – agreement and government. The third stage (the beginning of the 20th century until the 1930s) was the period in which the morphological criterion prevailed. The typical symptom of this observed in the period is consideration of syntactic connections between pairs of words in isolation from the rest of the sentence components. The crucial research perspective opened up by the study is to explain in detail the development of research on syntactic connections from the 1940s until today. Tworzenie się teorii związku składniowego w językoznawstwie ukraińskim (XVII – początek XX wieku)W językoznawstwie ukraińskim brak jak dotąd historiograficznych studiów adekwatnie opisujących początki i rozwój teorii związków składniowych. W jednej z poprzednich prac zaproponowałam periodyzację badań nad związkami składniowymi od czasu ukazania się pierwszych gramatyk słowiańskich aż po dziś, wyróżniając w niej pięć etapów historycznych. Celem tej analizy jest scharakteryzowanie zwłaszcza trzech pierwszych etapów rozwoju teorii związków składniowych – od XVII wieku do lat 30. XX wieku. Pierwszy etap (XVII–XVIII wiek) wyznacza początki teorii związków składniowych. Poświęcone składni rozdziały gramatyk tego okresu badają cechy niektórych części mowy pozwalające im na łączenie się z innymi wyrazami. Drugi etap (XIX wiek) to okres uzgadniania terminologii i tworzenia podwalin pod pogłębioną teorię związków składniowych. Uczeni powszechnie wyróżniają wówczas dwa możliwe typy związków składniowych: związek zgody i rządu. Trzeci etap (od początku do lat 30. XX wieku) był okresem, w którym zapanowało kryterium morfologiczne. Typowym tego objawem, jaki można zaobserwować w tym okresie, jest rozpatrywanie związków składniowych pomiędzy parami wyrazów w oderwaniu od pozostałych części zdania. Ważną perspektywą badawczą, jaka otwiera się w rezultacie przeprowadzonych badań, jest szczegółowy opis rozwoju badań nad związkami składniowymi od lat 40. XX wieku po dzień dzisiejszy.

6

Foreword – Cognitive Science: A New Science with a Considerable Tradition

80%

Marciszewski M., Trzęsicki K.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2015

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vol. 40

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issue 1

7-12

EN

We ask which ideas of cognitive science have their roots in traditional logic, grammar and rhetoric.We also emphasize the presence of cognitive science in the pages of Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric since its very beginning.

7

CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN A COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATIVE CONTEXT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECOND LANGUAGE GRAMMAR

80%

Razagifard P., Razzaghifard V.

Teaching English with Technology

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2011

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vol. 11

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issue 2

1-17

EN

This study investigated the impact of two types of corrective feedback in computer-mediated communicative context on the development of learners’ second language (L2) knowledge: (1) implicit feedback in the form of recast, and (2) explicit feedback in the form of metalinguistic feedback. The participants of this study, 45 low intermediate learners of English, were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The experimental groups completed two computer-mediated focused tasks activities about the target structure in the study. During task-based interaction via text-chat, the learners received focused corrective feedback when an error was made with the target form. Acquisition was measured by means of the two tests: computerized fill-in-the-blank test and oral imitation test. The results showed that the experimental groups who received computer-mediated corrective feedback outperformed the control group who did not receive any feedback. The findings also indicated metalinguistic feedback is more effective than recast feedback in computer-mediate communicative context.

8

Gramatyka języka w komputerze mózgu i programie umysłu. W poszukiwaniu realnego cerebralnie i mentalnie modelu składni

80%

Nowak T.

Logopedia Silesiana

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2019

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issue 8

71-93

PL

The author of the article tackles the problem of human language grammar from the point of view of several scientific disciplines: theoretical and mathematical linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics. The subject of the work is a grammar parser, and, especially, the limitations imposed on its structure and function by such factors as: the brain and the mind, the computer and the programme.

9

Biography of a language alias grammar and historical lexicology

80%

Topolińska Z.

Rocznik Slawistyczny

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2022

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issue LXXI

10

Специфика сингулятивов

80%

Атанасова (Atanasova) И. I., Великотырновский университет им. Кирилла и Мефория (Болгария)

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica

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2012

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vol. 08

EN

Singulatives are nouns that refer to individual objects separated from the mass substance. We analyze singulatives: their structure, relationships with various groups of nouns, and means of expressing singularity. Simple singulatives are formed by adding suffixes to material collective nouns denoting a substance consisting of separate homogeneous objects or small particles, crystals that have a particular form and may be seen with a naked eye. Descriptive singulatives are formed from physical nouns denoting liquid, amorphous, powder substance or soft and hard materials that have no particular shape and consist of particles that are invisible to the naked eye and cannot be separated from the mass substance.

11

O subiekcie semantycznym w rosyjskich zdaniach z predykatywem wartościującym pod względem emocjonalnym w porównaniu z językiem polskim

80%

Rudyk A., Rzeszowski U.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Linguistica Rossica

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2011

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vol. 07

EN

The article deals with the way of expressing a semantic subject in the Russian sentences of the type [...] мне жаль с ней расставаться and in their Polish equivalents. The semantic subject can be conveyed explicitly in the form of the dative case in Russian and in the Polish equivalents with the accusative case. It can be also given in the context or remain unnamed due to the meaning generalization or the absence of information concerning its referent. In Polish translations the subject can be expressed by the verb inflection forms.

12

Is Japanese a Polysystemic Language? ( The Problem of Chinese Loanwords within the Present-Day Japanese Grammatical Structure)

80%

Huszcza R.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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vol. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, T. 47, Z. 2 (1991)

13

Rhythmical Features of Spoken Chinese: Quantitative and Grammatical Analysis (Methodology)

80%

Svarny O.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

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vol. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, T. 47, Z. 2 (1991)

14

O gramatyce stylistycznej

80%

Skubalanka T.

Stylistyka

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2012

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vol. 21

423-424

EN

The author makes a revision of the newest Polish publications dealing with stylistic gram mar and claims that there are many research possibilities still open in these works.

15

Gramatyka języka w komputerze mózgu i programie umysłu. W poszukiwaniu realnego cerebralnie i mentalnie modelu składni

80%

Nowak T.

Logopedia Silesiana

|

2019

|

issue 8

71-93

PL

The author of the article tackles the problem of human language grammar from the point of view of several scientific disciplines: theoretical and mathematical linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics. The subject of the work is a grammar parser, and, especially, the limitations imposed on its structure and function by such factors as: the brain and the mind, the computer and the programme.

16

O tzw. kategoriach gramatycznych (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kategorii przypadka)

80%

Topolińska Z.

Rocznik Slawistyczny

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2015

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vol. 64

159-166

EN

The author of this article sees the so-called grammatical categories as semantic categories which transfer information of key-importance for a successful act of communication. This is the reason why this information is grammaticalized, i.e. it has regular and predictable formal markers. In the center of the author’s interest is the category of case in the Slavic languages, especially in Polish. She presents her concept of the semantic paradigm of the category of case and demonstrates a striking parallelism between the meanings of particular cases (= the quantums of information grammaticalized in the formal case paradigm) on the one hand and the meanings of the nominal mutational desubstantival derivatives on the other hand. In her view this parallelism confirms the assumption that impulses leading to grammaticalization are of a primarily semantic character.

17

Принципи на изследването на формалните класове при глаголните лексеми в съвременния български книжовен език

80%

Станчева [Stancheva] Р. R.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2018

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vol. 18

EN

Research principles for formal classification of verb lexemes in modern standard Bulgarian The article aims to present new formal classification of verb lexemes in modern standard Bulgarian, based on morphological criteria. The fundamental criterion is the combinatorics of the values of three types of thematic grammemes (praesens, aoristi and imperfectum). Based on this criterion, nine verb classes are distinguished in modern standard Bulgarian. The following steps in formal classification of verb lexemes take into account: representation of grammatical formants (-щ; -н/-т; -и/-е-, -й), verb suffixes, and morphonological alternations. Zasady analizy przy formalnej klasyfikacji leksemów czasownikowych we współczesnym języku bułgarskim Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie nowej formalnej klasyfikacji leksemów czasownikowych we współczesnym języku bułgarskim opartej o kryteria formalne. Podstawowe kryterium stanowi kombinatoryka wartości trzech typów gramemów (praesens, aorist i imperfectum). Na podstawie tych kryteriów wyodrębniono dziewięć klas czasowników we współczesnym języku bułgarskim. Na następnych etapach formalnej klasyfikacji uwzględnia się: obecność formantów gramatycznych (-щ; -н/-т; -и/-е-, -й), końcówki czasowników oraz alternacje morfonologiczne.

18

Grammatik im fremdsprachlichen Unterricht im Kontext der Gegenüberstellung explizit/implizit

80%

Czarnecka M.

Annales Neophilologiarum

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2010

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issue 4

159-172

EN

The explicit/implicit distinction has been present in SLA theories and concepts for many years. A description of the relation between internal and external form of language representation is fundamental for the teaching process because it is the only way to answer the question what role grammar should play in second language acquisition and instruction. This paper presents the most important theories that refer to the explicit/implicit distinction; the author puts great emphasis on the concepts which offer new perspectives for second language teaching in so far as they suggest an interaction between these both forms of language representation.

PL

Przeciwstawienie eksplicytny/implicytny pojawia się od lat w teoriach i koncepcjach dotyczących przyswajania języka obcego. Określenie charakteru relacji między wewnętrzną a zewnętrzną formą reprezentacji języka jest z punktu widzenia dydaktyki kwestią fundamentalną, bo tylko to może umożliwić odpowiedź na pytanie, jaką rolę powinna odgrywać gramatyka w nauczaniu i uczeniu się języków obcych. Artykuł pokazuje ważniejsze teorie, w ramach których funkcjonowało przeciwstawienie eksplicytny/implicytny. Szczególną uwagę autorka zwraca na te koncepcje, które – sugerując interakcję między tymi obydwiema formami reprezentacji języka – otwierają w dydaktyce nowe perspektywy.

19

Nauczanie gramatyki w podejściu komunikacyjnym… na najniższym poziomie zaawansowania – uwagi praktyka

80%

Sałęga-Bielowicz B.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia ad Didacticam Litterarum Polonarum et Linguae Polonae Pertinentia

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2016

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vol. 7

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issue 223

164-171

PL

In modern language teaching teachers most frequently use communicative approach in which knowledge of grammar is by no means a main target. The emphasis is on successful, effective communication. Observations and teaching experience of the author make her believe that pushing grammar to the background is not the best solution. She thinks that it should be present from the very beginning in a language classroom (the subject of discussion here is level A1 as it is a beginning of the “adventure” with Polish as a foreign language) and its rank should be higher. The reason for that is not only the very nature of Polish (an inflective language) but first of all the author’s strong conviction that students need tools to take part in the meaningful, effective and understandable for others communication and they gain them by learning grammar.

20

Funktionsverbgefüge – definitorische Abgrenzung, wissenschaftliche Verortung und funktionales Potenzial in der Kommunikation

80%

Kałasznik M.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2022

|

issue 21

465-471

EN

Functional verb structure (= FVG) is a phenomenon that continues to be discussed controversially in German linguistics. Despite the relatively long research tradition that goes back to the 1960s, there are discrepancies with regard to the definition of this phenomenon, its pre-location in the language system (assignment to grammar on the one hand or to phraseology on the other hand) and its functions in communication. This problem seems to be noticed in linguistics, as evidenced by the monograph by Volker Harm published by de Gruyter in 2021. The article aims to discuss the newly published monograph by Volker Harm and its contribution to German research in this area. The aim of the study presented here is to develop a new approach to the consideration of FVG. In the description of FVG, the theory of construction grammar and selected concepts of lexical semantics are used. Various characteristics that are traditionally attributed to FVG in research are analyzed in detail and evaluated with reference to the specialist literature and selected examples of the use of FVG. The type of connection between the noun and the verb, and more precisely the implication nominal meaning → overall meaning, is raised as the central criteria for the formation of the category FVG, whereby FVG can be distinguished as an independent class of noun-verb connections.

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