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1

On The Disappearance Of August Schleicher In The Writings Of The Neogrammarians

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Koerner E. F. K.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2008

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vol. 50

143-162

EN

Historians of linguistics have long since learned that a certain distrust of what authors say in their programmatic statements is a healthy attitude. This applies in particular to statements made by those who have obvious agenda. Let us assume that not unlike Chomsky in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Indo-Europeanists of the circle around August Leskien (1840–1916), notably Karl Brugmann (1849–1919), saw themselves as ushering in a revolution of their field of study. Much has been said about the ‘Chomskyan Revolution’ and how it was brought about. Hereby the manner played a not insignificant role in which the linguistic community was treated. In his plenary address at the Eleventh Congress of Linguists held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in August 1962 and his subsequent elaborations in his book Cartesian Linguistics of 1966, Noam Chomsky made every attempt to dissociate himself from his immediate predecessors, notably those whose ideas he had inherited, and tried to make the world believe that his sources of linguistic inspiration hark back to much earlier periods, from the authors of the Grammaire générale et raisonnée of 1660 to Hermann Paul’s Principien of 1880 (cf. KOERNER 2002: 151–209 and references therein). In Chomsky’s narrative an important place was assigned to Wilhelm von Humboldt’s linguistic work, in particular his famous phrase “Die Sprache muss unendlichen Gebrauch von endlichen Mitteln machen” [Language must make unlimited use of limited means], since this was supposed to show Humboldt as a generativist avant la lettre. The Leipzig Junggrammatiker of the mid-1870s saw themselves in a comparable situation of revolutionizing their discipline. As a result, scant or no reference was made to the preceding generation of historical linguists, except for citation of passages that they would find fault with. On the other hand, authors who were not their teachers and whose work was less than central to their own pursuits could be referred to as leading to their program. In the present paper, I have chosen the concept of ‘analogy’ which, next to the neogrammarian insistence on the rigorous application of ‘Lautgesetze’ (“sound laws”), was one of the two main pillars of their argument in matters of linguistic change. It is shown that while Wilhelm Scherer (1841–1886) book Zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache (Berlin, 1868) was selected for special praise in Osthoff and Brugmann’s ‘manifesto’ of 1878, in particular for his use of ‘false analogy’ in the explanation forms that did not follow the run of regular phonetic change, the Neogrammarians were entirely silent on the contribution of August Schleicher (1821–1868), in whose Die Deutsche Sprache (Stuttgart, 1860) and subsequent editions of 1869 and 1874 they could have found much more explicit statements concerning the workings of the analogy principle in language history. The attempt is made to set the record straight.

2

Äldre and Yngre Västgötalagen – some linguistic evidence

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Skrzypek D.

Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia

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2009

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vol. 10

205-218

EN

The article studies two of the oldest Swedish texts, the legal codices from the province of Västergötland, Äldre Västgötalagen (ÄVL), dated at 1225 and Yngre Västgötalagen (YVL), dated at ca 1280. The younger of the texts is a continuation of the older one and includes several additions. The texts are compared with particular respect to the nominal categories – the developing definiteness and thedeclining case. In particular, the definite forms are studied in much detail. The results confirm an earlier hypothesis that the younger text is based on a copy of the older one different from the one in our possession today. Also, it substantiates the claim that this missing original was more archaic than the one surviving today.

3

Neki metodološki problemi u savremenom istraživanju socijalnih femininativa u srpskom jeziku

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Tomić S.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2021

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issue 20

323-346

EN

This work critically examines some epistemological problems of the institutionalized public knowledge of Serbian lingustics and the knowledge of the opposed groups of social and feminist linguists. It also provides attention to some relevant studies of feminine derivational sufixes in the Serbo-Croatian and Croatian language. Under consideration are some crucial methodological issues such as supporting a claim, reliability of evidence, presenting disagreement among sources, and research ethos. The research contributes to the fuller understanding of the problem of social femininatives and to enlarging the types of reference sources. It suggests the need of thorough diachronic and interdisciplinary research which would look at different centuries and show the correlation between macsculine and feminine sufixes, the chronological activisation and geographical distribution of social femininatives, their productivity, archaization and extinction, as well as the newest proposals.

4

LatMor: A Latin Finite-State Morphology Encoding Vowel Quantity

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Springmann U., Schmid H., Najock D.

Open Linguistics

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

We present the first large-coverage finite-state open-source morphology for Latin (called LatMor) which parses as well as generates vowel quantity information. LatMor is based on the Berlin Latin Lexicon comprising about 70,000 lemmata of classical Latin compiled by the group of Dietmar Najock in theirwork on concordances of Latin authors (see Rapsch and Najock, 1991) which was recently updated by us. Compared to the well-known Morpheus system of Crane (1991, 1998), which is written in the C programming language, based on 50,000 lemmata of Lewis and Short (1907), not well documented and therefore not easily extended, our new morphology has a larger vocabulary, is about 60 to 1200 times faster and is built in the form of finite-state transducers which can analyze as well as generate wordforms and represent the state-of-the-art implementation method in computational morphology. The current coverage of LatMor is evaluated against Morpheus and other existing systems (some of which are not openly accessible), and is shown to rank first among all systems together with the Pisa LEMLAT morphology (not yet openly accessible). Recall has been analyzed taking the Latin Dependency Treebank¹ as gold data and the remaining defect classes have been identified. LatMor is available under an open source licence to allow its wide usage by all interested parties.

5

Osservazioni sulla etimologia e funzione di due teonimi umbri

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Roszak T., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. F. K., She received her M.Phil. in Classical Philology (1988) and Ph.D. in Indo-European linguistics (2006) from the University of Łódź P.

Collectanea Philologica

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2014

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vol. 17

EN

The article deals with the names of two Umbrian deities written in the Iguvine Tablets, PUEMUNE (dat. sg. m.) and VESUNE (dat. sg. f.). The author relates the Umbrian forms to the Indo-European roots *pō(i)- and *ṷes-, both of them meaning ‘to pasture’, which produce respectively: Lith. piemÂnÅ (f.) ‘shepherdess’, piemẽo (m.) ‘shepherd’, Gk. poim»n (m.) ‘id.’ and Hitt. ṷēštara- (c.) ‘shepherd’, Av. vāstar- (m.) ‘id.’. The Umbrian theonym PUEMUN- can be connected with the Lusitanian name of the pastoral goddess Poemanae (dat. sg. f.). The root ves- of the other Umbrian theonym can be compared with the root of the Lusitanian name Vestero (dat. sg. m.) ‘pastoral god’. The Umbrian noun has the suffix IE. *-H noH -, present in the Italic theonyms 1 2 (e.g. Lat. Pōmōna). Pieces of the same sheep were sacrificed to both deities, which additionally proves their pastoral function.

6

Reading the reading of the gerund: the share of non-eventive interpretations of -ing nominals

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Ptok A., Szcześniak K., Ptok A., Szcześniak K.

Linguistica Silesiana

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2019

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vol. 40

7

Seit Lichtenstein nichts Neues? – oder: zur Idee einer Urverwandtschaft des Arabischen mit dem Deutschen

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Knüppel M.

Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia

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2012

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vol. 17

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issue 4

179-183

EN

The following review article deals with the dilettantish attempts of cAbdal-Ḥaqq Fāḍil to connect German and Arabic in the sense of genetic language relationship. The author of the book under review is neither able to clarify whether he means “German” or “Germanic”, nor whether he wants to postulate Arabic as a kind of worldproto-language or to create a new language family. In addition, he ignores all well-known Lautgesetze (sound laws) as well as all researches in the field of historical linguistics of the last two hundred years.

8

Poznańska szkoła językoznawstwa historycznego

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Migdał J., Piotrowska-Wojaczyk A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2015

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vol. 22

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issue 1

153-168

PL

The article presents Poznań school of historical linguistics. The founder of the school is Władysław Kuraszkiewicz. The schools’ central idea is a scholarly attitude which is based on respect for material, philological akribeia (accuracy) and caution in drawing conclusions. The representatives of this school are characterised by aspiration for measurability of research results and understanding of the role of statistics. Research is conducted on the carefully selected, very extensive material taking into account numerous variable features: chronological, geographic, generic, stylistic or formal. Among the scholars who must be included in this school are the disciples of Professor Kuraszkiewicz: Zdzisława Krążyńska, Tadeusz Lewaszkiewicz, Leszek Moszyński, Wojciech Ryszard Rzepka, Tadeusz Skulina, Bogdan Walczak and Tadeusz Zdancewicz. Nowadays, their disciples form another generation of scholars connected with Poznań school of historical linguistics.

9

Implications of macro-areal linguistics

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Leschber C.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2015

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vol. 15

EN

Implications of macro-areal linguisticsUsing the examples of some Balkan words with a difficult etymology, we attempt to show the possibilities for and implications of applying a macro-areal linguistic perspective to establish a wider view of the linguistic and cultural history of a region. Implikacje językoznawstwa makroarealnegoNa przykładzie niektórych bałkańskich słów o skomplikowanej etymologii autorka dokonuje próby pokazania możliwości i potencjału badawczego perspektywy makroarealnej. W każdym wypadku daje ona głębszy wgląd w historię, rozwój językowy i kulturowy tego regionu.

10

Początki polskiego chrześcijaństwa na podstawie Kroniki to jest historyi wszytkiego świata… Marcina Bielskiego

89%

Kozaryn D.

Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze

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2017

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issue 33

EN

This paper comments on the manner of describing the baptism of Poland in the third edition of Kronika, to jest historyja wszytkiego świata written by Marcin Bielski (1564). Presenting the textual contents of the specific passage of Kronika… has resulted in an analysis of the religious vocabulary and syntactical discriminants of Marcin Bielski’s text.

PL

Artykuł zawiera prezentację sposobu opisywania chrztu Polski w trzecim wydaniu (1564) Kroniki to jest historyi wszytkiego świata… Marcina Bielskiego. Przedstawienie zawartości treściowej właściwego fragmentu Kroniki stało się podstawą analizy słownictwa religijnego oraz wyróżników składniowych tekstu Bielskiego.

11

The Place Of English In Germanic And Indo-European

88%

Shimomiya T.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2008

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vol. 50

163-175

EN

A. Bammesberger’s article ‘The Place of English in Germanic and Indo-European’ (pp. 26–66) in Vol. 1 (The Beginnings to 1066) of The Cambridge History of the English Language (ed. Richard M. Hogg, Cambridge University Press, 1992) was reviewed rather unfavorably (review article of the volume by Richard D. Janda in World Englishes, vol. 14, 1995). This is a recast of the same topic in a different presentation, which can be justified as the proverb ‘So many cooks, so many dishes’ has it. The style of presentation follows that of the French linguist Bernard Pottier, whose principle is based on a set of short definitions with a couple of examples. The conclusion of the present paper is that English is the most “entgermanisierte” (the least Germanic) language, just as French is the most “entromanisierte” (the least Romanic) language, while Modern Icelandic, free from foreign influence, has remained the purest of all Germanic languages.

12

The Concept of ‘Rhetoric’ in a Linguistic Perspective: Historical, Systematic, and Theoretical Aspects of Rhetoric as Formal Language Usage

88%

Haase F.-A.

Res Rhetorica

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2014

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vol. 1

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issue 1

27-45

EN

Rhetoric is commonly known as an old discipline for the persuasive usage of language in linguistic communication acts. In this article we examine the concept ‘rhetoric’ from 1. the diachronic perspective of historical linguistics showing that the concept ‘rhetoric’ is linguistically present in various Indo-European roots and exists across several language families and 2. the theoretical perspective towards the concept ‘rhetoric’ with a contemporary defi nition and model in the tradition of rhetorical theory. The historical and systematic approaches allow us to describe the features of the conceptualization of ‘rhetoric’ as the process in theory and empirical language history. The aim of this article is a formal description of the concept ‘rhetoric’ as a result of a theoretical process of this conceptualization, the rhetorization, and the historical documentation of the process of the emergence of the concept ‘rhetoric’ in natural languages. We present as the concept ‘rhetoric’ a specifi c mode of linguistic communication in ‘rhetoricized’ expressions of a natural language. Within linguistic communicative acts ‘rhetoricized language’ is a process of forming structured linguistic expressions. Based on traditional rhetorical theory we will in a case study present ‘formalization,’ ‘structuralization,’ and ‘symbolization’ as the three principle processes, which are parts of this process of rhetorization in rhetorical theory.

13

Gothic ‹ggw›

88%

Snædal M.

Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis

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2011

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vol. 128

PL

The paper deals with the orthographic cluster ‹ggw› in Gothic and the question if it denoted both /ngw/ and /ggw/ or only the former. The paper concludes that internal evidence only points to /ngw/ and that external evidence cannot be used to support double pronunciation of the cluster.

14

Deutsche Teil- und Regrammatikalisierung

88%

Askedal J. O.

Studia Germanica Posnaniensia

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2017

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issue 38

31-47

EN

The present paper deals with some putative cases of so-called ‘halted’ or ‘arrested grammaticalization’ in the history of German. The following phenomena are discussed: Old High German perfect auxiliaries; the modals ‘shall’, ‘will’ and the transformative copula werden as sources of future auxiliaries in Old, Middle and New High German; some shortened verb forms in Middle High German; the Old High German etc. pronoun of identity der selbo used as a demonstrative or personal pronoun; the inflection of determiners, quantifiers and adjectives in New High German; Old High German thô, dô and Middle High German ez as syntactic ‘place-holders’ in sentence-initial position; the syntactic status of the German so-called ‘ethical dative’; and the demise of Old High German -lîhho, Middle High German -lîche as an adverb-forming suffix. It is claimed that certain general language-specific, ‘characterological’ patterns influence the way in which the grammaticalization developments in question are halted or, sometimes, given another direction by way of regrammaticalization.

15

Os verbos ser, estar, ter e haver no “Leal Conselheiro” de D. Duarte: Achegas para um quadro linguístico do século XV

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Osório P., Gaspar L.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2013

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vol. 40

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issue 1

115-134

EN

Being a text of profound personal introspection, the Leal Conselheiro was born to give voice to King Duarte´s meditations on the real problems of human life and Portuguese people. His message was one of social projection and had a pedagogical purpose of national dimension, though it meant to cause an effect on the Portuguese moral and cultural identity that he wished to see guided by timeless principles of Christian nature. Created in the Middles Ages, the book will also be a testimony of change and innovation in place, especially because this is a moment of linguistic transition and emancipation in which new and old forms need to coexist. In this essay we will be particularly focused on the verbs ser, estar, haver and ter, observing their semantics and syntactic proximity, achieving a study that involves the intrinsic relation between ser / estar and haver / ter. We’ll analyse their evolution in order to explore common traces and meanings, but also the contexts that mark their individuality. Finally, we shall move towards the research provided by our corpus aiming at its quantitative and statistic treatment. We’ll define the behavioural traces that involve the variables studied and we’ll support the results on a specific group of syntactic and semantic criteria. Conclusively, according to the results, we’ll point to the years between 1428 and 1430 to mark the birth of the manuscript. Placed on the beginning of the middle archaic period, the text reveals mostly cases of variation of forms, not necessarily the total consummation of change.

16

Les problèmes méthodologiques de l’étymologie d’origine gauloise en français

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Quentel G.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2014

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vol. 41

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issue 3

133-147

EN

It is a well-known fact that the etymology of the French lexicon is mostly Latin. But this apparently obvious consideration hides a signifi cant amount of unsure, if not biased, etymologies. This paper aims fi rst at criticizing the laxity of the etymological method : use of reconstructed vulgar Latin and old Frankish etymons upon unclear principles, huge distortions of meaning, phonetic irregularities, ignorance of the historical context, etc. In a second time, this paper aims at showing that the neglected Gaulish substratum can sometimes afford better explanations to some of these doubtful and impressionistic etymologies, and proposes new etymologies based upon attested Gaulish etymons.

17

(Dis)kontinuita češtiny 16.-18. Století na příkladu hláskosloví

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Šimeckova M.

Slavia Occidentalis

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2020

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issue 77/1

123-133

EN

A majority of the earlier scholarly publications (literary and linguistic) contain negative assessments of the Czech language from the 17th and 18th centuries. This valuation is in accordance with the political, social, religious and cultural developments in Bohemia after the battle of White Mountain (Bílá hora) on 8 November 1620. Following the battle, the Habsburg Monarchy was established and Bohemia was yet again subjected to the Catholic Church. The function of the Czech language was limited with German becoming the main language spoken by the Bohemian aristocracy and city dwellers. German was the official language and, along with Latin, the language of science. As a result of the functional restrictions, Czech books were printed in limited literary fields, especially religious, historical and practically-oriented texts. The language in which they were written was described as degraded, unstable and incorrect. It was connected with the decline of the standard language, deformed by dialectisms, neologisms and an enormous number of loan words from German. However, is this interpretation of the Czech language from the 17th and 18th centuries correct? I have analysed over 100 prints from the 16th to the 18th centuries, focusing on four phonological phenomena: prothetic v-, dipthongisation ú- > ou- and ý (í) > ej and the change é > í. These changes occurred in texts from the 16th century (or even earlier), then some of them were repressed (ej, í in word ending, prothetic v-) or fixed as a part of Czech print (initial ou-, v- by words stabilized with this nonetymological consonant). It is evident that 1) there was continuous development instead of discontinuity, 2) the earlier negative estimation of the Czech language after 1620 was inaccurate. It is imperative to investigate the Czech language from a historical perspective in detail, without prejudice or ideology.

18

Buried Treasure in the Tyndale Corpus: Innovations and Archaisms

75%

Bell Canon E.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2016

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issue 25/2

151-165

EN

The translations and polemical texts that make up the Tyndale Corpus are filled with linguistic buried treasure: lexical innovations, syntactic archaisms, metalinguistic com- mentary, and features related to language and dialect prejudice. The use of computer corpus analysis can reveal and illuminate what makes Tyndale different from other writers of his time, and why he is so important to the history of English and the modern religious register. Examining the patterns hidden in his work does not prevent us from appreciat- ing the beauty of his writing as some literary scholars might suggest. Instead, it al- lows us to better understand the approach he took to his work. This paper summa- rizes and exemplifies Tyndale’s contributions to English historical linguistics. The methodology involves reviewing previous scholarly assessments of Tyndale’s work, examining in detail his particular lexical and syntactic choices using text and cor- pus computer software, and, most especially, allowing William Tyndale to speak for himself.

19

The range and beauty of internal reconstruction: probing Hausa linguistic history

75%

Newman P.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

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2014

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issue 48

13-31

EN

Using examples from Hausa, this paper demonstrates the probative value of Internal Reconstruction (IR) as a method for unearthing linguistic history. Five developments in the history of Hausa discovered by means of IR are described. These are Klingenheben’s Law; two previously unrecognized diphthongs, *iu and *ui; the emergence of the phoneme /h/ from a phonetic feature of word onset; vowel lowering resulting in asymmetry in plural formation; and the preservation of an archaic third person singular masculine pronoun *ni in fixed compounds.

20

A history of conjunctions introducing negative clauses in English: The case of 'for dread that'

75%

Łęcki A. M., Łęcki A. M.

Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny

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2020

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issue 4

Refine search results

On The Disappearance Of August Schleicher In The Writings Of The Neogrammarians

Äldre and Yngre Västgötalagen – some linguistic evidence

Neki metodološki problemi u savremenom istraživanju socijalnih femininativa u srpskom jeziku

LatMor: A Latin Finite-State Morphology Encoding Vowel Quantity

Osservazioni sulla etimologia e funzione di due teonimi umbri

Reading the reading of the gerund: the share of non-eventive interpretations of -ing nominals

Seit Lichtenstein nichts Neues? – oder: zur Idee einer Urverwandtschaft des Arabischen mit dem Deutschen

Poznańska szkoła językoznawstwa historycznego

Implications of macro-areal linguistics

Początki polskiego chrześcijaństwa na podstawie Kroniki to jest historyi wszytkiego świata… Marcina Bielskiego

The Place Of English In Germanic And Indo-European

The Concept of ‘Rhetoric’ in a Linguistic Perspective: Historical, Systematic, and Theoretical Aspects of Rhetoric as Formal Language Usage

Gothic ‹ggw›

Deutsche Teil- und Regrammatikalisierung

Os verbos ser, estar, ter e haver no “Leal Conselheiro” de D. Duarte: Achegas para um quadro linguístico do século XV

Les problèmes méthodologiques de l’étymologie d’origine gauloise en français

(Dis)kontinuita češtiny 16.-18. Století na příkladu hláskosloví

Buried Treasure in the Tyndale Corpus: Innovations and Archaisms

The range and beauty of internal reconstruction: probing Hausa linguistic history

A history of conjunctions introducing negative clauses in English: The case of 'for dread that'