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EN
The authors discuss in the article interpersonal communication in cohabitation relationships of women with a borderline personality disorder. 91 women aged between 21 and 40 who were in a consensual relationship participated in the research. The classification of the respondents to the criterion group was determined by the result obtained in the Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI) by F. Leichsenring in the Polish adaptation of Lidia Cierpiałkowska. 43 women were included in the criterion group, and the control group consisted of 48 women. The research also used the Marriage and Partnership Communication Questionnaire by Maria Kaźmierczak and Mieczysław Plopa. The analysis of the obtained results showed that women with borderline personality disorder show more depressing and less supportive and engaged communication behaviors compared to women without this disorder, both in self-perception and in the assessment of the partner’s communication behavior.
PL
Pośród czynników zakłócających codzienne porozumiewanie się można wskazać te związane z oceną stopnia poprawności posługiwania się polszczyzną przez uczestników aktu komunikacji. Polegają one na wskazaniu dostrzeżonego błędu w wypowiedzi (np. podczas rozmowy lub w trakcie wpisywania komentarzy na forum internetowym). Niezależnie od stopnia kompetencji językowej uczestnicy aktu skupiają niejednokrotnie uwagę na aspekcie metajęzykowym wypowiedzi. Wiąże się on z przekonaniem, że komunikat powinien być nie tylko zrozumiały, ale także poprawny pod względem językowym. Przedmiotem zainteresowania w artykule będą zatem te sytuacje, w których dostrzeżenie przez któregoś z uczestników aktu komunikacji błędu językowego w wypowiedzi powoduje zmianę treści z aktualnej na nową, związaną z zauważoną usterką. Takie uwagi i komentarze mogą skutkować zakłóceniami różnego typu. W skrajnym wypadku dochodzi do całkowitego przerwania procesu komunikowania się.
EN
Factors that disturb everyday communication include those connected with the assessment of the level of correctness of using the Polish language by interlocutors. They consist in indicating a noticed error of speech (e.g. during conversation or while writing comments on an Internet forum). Independently from the level of linguistic competence, the interlocutors often focus on the metalinguistic aspect of utterance. It is connected with the conviction that the message should not only be comprehensible but also linguistically correct. The main area of interest in the article are situations when the noticing of a linguistic error in the utterance by one of the interlocutors causes a change of content from the current one to the new one, connected with the noticed defect. Such remarks and comments may result in various interferences. In extreme cases a total discontinuation of the communication process may occur.
PL
God speaks to a man and at the same time speaks to him through the other person. We are, therefore, within the realm of interpersonal relations. Hence while talking about preaching the Word of God one has to pay attention to circumstances and rules of interaction of the preached Word of God on a listener’s reason, will and emotions as major receptors of the content of the church preaching and at the same time as factors of the act of a personal faith. Such a preaching of the Word of God results from its purpose, securing both the personalistic and ecclesiastical character of the preaching. Therefore in the preaching of the Word of God a vital role is performed by a social community. Experience shows that even a solid intellectual and religious formation does not suffice for a proper shaping of the attitude of faith, if one does not have a proper support in an environment of one’s life. Hence the preaching cannot escape sociological conditions and be restricted only to transmitting an orthodox Christian teaching. Preaching the Gospel in the community of the faithful should be supported and intensified by a communal experience of this church community of faith.
PL
Doskonalenie umiejętności interpersonalnych jest jednym z celów kształcenia akademickiego na kierunkach pedagogicznych. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano analizę dotyczącą efektywność zajęć z treningu interpersonalnego przeprowadzonego dla studentów studiów licencjackich. Zaję-cia prowadzone były w ramach projektu „Kompetencje kluczem do kariery WF-P”. Ich celem było wzmocnienie kompetencji studentów w zakresie: synergicznego rozwiązywania problemów, świa-domości własnych aktów komunikacyjnych, umiejętności słuchania drugiego człowieka, odczyty-wania i wyrażania emocji, nawiązywania i utrzymywania kontaktów z innymi ludźmi, współpra-cowania w grupie oraz jasnego przekazywania myśli. Zaprezentowane wyniki wskazują na istotny wzrost tych kompetencji wśród uczestników projektu.
EN
Improving interpersonal skills is one of the objectives of academic education in pedagogical fields of study. The paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of interpersonal training classes for students up to a bachelor`s degree level. The classes were carried out under the project “Com-petences as a key to the career of WF-P”. The aim of the classes was to strengthen students' com-petence in: synergic problem solving, awareness of their communication acts, ability to listen to others, read and express emotions, establish and maintain relationships with others, collaborate in group, and communicate clearly. The presented results indicate the significant increase of these competences among the project participants.
PL
Właściwa komunikacja interpersonalna warunkuje prawidłowy przekaz informacji w relacjach międzyludzkich. Jest także kluczowym ogniwem umożliwiającym nawiązywanie odpowiedniej relacji w przestrzeni pedagogicznej. Proces ten wymaga jednak wysiłku zarówno ze strony ucznia, jak i nauczyciela, aby osiągnąć zamierzone efekty w sferze edukacyjnej. W niniejszej pracy określono optymalne czynniki determinujące właściwe relacje interpersonalne na linii uczeń–nauczyciel. W badaniu posłużono się metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety. W pracach badawczych wzięło udział 132 uczniów gimnazjum i technikum. Wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz umożliwiły określenie czynników sprzyjających budowaniu relacji w przestrzeni edukacyjnej oraz wyeksponowały najczęściej pojawiające się bariery.
EN
The real interpersonal communication conditions the correct transmission of information in human relationships. It is also a crucial link enabling to establish adequate relations in the pedagogic space. However, this process requires effort, both from the student and from the teacher, in order to achieve the intended effects in the educational sphere. This paper defines optimum factors determining proper interpersonal relationships between the student and the teacher. In the study the method of the diagnostic survey was applied with the use of survey questionnaire. 132 students of lower secondary school and secondary technical school took part in research works. The results of the conducted analyses have enabled to determine favourable factors for building relations in the educational space and emphasised most often occurring crash barriers.
RU
The paper is concerned with the aspects of communication during the acts of worship by Russian Catholics. The liturgy and rites are performed in contemporary Russian language. The material was excerpted from the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The paper provides a description of the liturgical model of interpersonal communication during services and the linguistic indicators of its components. The units were grouped according to the criterion of participation in the communication situation involving the sender, the receiver and the communication channel, i.e. liturgy.
EN
The article sets out to explain the meaning of the term: „the culture of educational communication”. An analysis of the typical ethical and educational errors relating to the behavior of teachers in the early grades of a primary school is made. A psychological portrait of a teacher in the personality-oriented communication process is defined.
EN
In order to live a normal life, a person must answer the question about themselves - about their image, worldview, capabilities. Typically, one’s identity is built on the basis of the opinions of the environment. A person either compares themselves with it or uses the opinions of people who are important to them. In this way, the person builds their own inner continuity, which provides them with a sense of stability. It is a dynamic process which very often determines the colour and complexity of human life. Today, the closest environment are more and more often the social media. Especially for young people, they are becoming an important source of information about themselves and the world. Yet to what extent do social media offer opportunities for authentic manifestation of one’s self, and to what extent do they become a space for creating parallel identities? Young users are eager to use social media, which influence their lives and identities. The problem is illustrated with the example of China, a large and original social media market.
EN
This article is concerned with appropriate voice emission in the work of a teacher and other people using voice in their work. Other publications which be connected with the problem of voice emission from other scientific disciplines, such as educational organization, communication, management, medicine and many others, are quoted. An attempt to combine all these issues together may draw attention to the problem which is discussed in this article.
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EN
This article presents the role and meaning of language and interpersonal communication. The author describes three aspects of language: physical, physiological and psychological/ social, and outlines three functions of language and the ways in which these functions are applied in various aspects of cognition. The author also makes several notes criticising publications whose content differs from the actual state of a given language – in this case German.
PL
W niniejszym artykule staram się wykazać, że poprawne analizowanie konwersacji nie jest możliwe bez znajomości kontekstu, w którym rozmowa się pojawia. Podejście pragmatyczno-językowe, w ramach którego bada się strukturę konwersacji oraz ukryte założenia rozmowy, w istocie wkracza w obszar rekonstruowania kontekstu – w związku z tym powstaje problem bezbłędności zarówno wnioskowań konwersacyjnych, jak i pragmatyczno-językowej analizy interpersonalnego porozumiewania się. Narzędzia pragmatyczno-językowe nie pozwalają na wychodzenie poza strukturę konwersacji, zaś to, co bywa określane jako element strukturalny tejże konwersacji, bywa niejednokrotnie elementem kontekstualnym, a więc zewnętrznym wobec rozmowy.
EN
The paper deals with the problem of contextuality of conversation. I am trying to show that the proper analysis of conversation is not possible without our knowledge about the context of the conversation. If we do not want to interpret a given adjacency pair (or more sentences) fictitiously and fictionally we have to know the context wherein the spoken interaction is really performed.
EN
The process of communication accompanies every human being all the time. Communication in the organization makes up the issue which is very often raised in the subject literature. The authors pay special attention to its importance and influence which it can wield upon the operation and functioning of every organization. The adequate course of communication, without major disturbances, enables more efficient accomplishment of tasks, it builds up relations between employees and management, it also makes the workers be more engaged in their work. This study presents the problems relating to the essence and significance of communication within an organization. Various forms of communication are presented while being connected with mistakes which take place in the process of communication in the organization. Moreover, the basic mistakes, disturbances and barriers are discussed in the context of this so important issues for the organization.
EN
Our times are often referred to as the new world order with its new economy. What this means is that capitalism has been restructured on a global scale, and people of widely different cultural and linguistic backgrounds have been thrown into contact more than ever before. Cultural contact may occur in the flows of information and mass media, as well as in the flows of actual people in migration. Given the ubiquity of cultural contact, mergers and hybrids, it is unsurprising that there should be a strong interest in intercultural communication. If intercultural communication is an exchange of stimuli, data and information through an interaction between individuals came from different local communication contexts, we can daily come across this type of communication process. Sociology as a discipline makes an important contribution to the study of intercultural communication: it is the key contribution of discourse analysis to take culture as empirical and cultural identity, difference and similarity as discursive constructions. Moreover, to investigate whether it is possible to avoid any of the problems of intercultural communication, it is suitable to start with the communication situation itself and analyze why misunderstanding and conflict arise. Today a new form of communication is necessary; it should take itself away from the temptation of merging, tolerating and joining together different cultural realities. Intercultural communication today moves towards an horizon much more complex, which offers a new interpretation: in fact it is necessary to promote cultural coordination and cooperation.
EN
Interpersonal communication is a dynamic, complex process, and is conditioned by many factors, among which one of the most important roles is played by the personality of interaction partners. The article presents results of research on the influence of extraversion and emotional intelligence on selected aspects of communication when the process is mediated by the Internet. The study involved young adults (N = 51) aged 21–27 (M = 24.27; SD = 1.65; Md = 24), mostly women (Nk = 26; K/M = 1.08), who responded to the invitation to the study published on Facebook. The survey was conducted in the period from December 2019 to February 2020, through Messenger and GoogleForms to collect the results in personality questionnaires. On the basis of the correlation coefficients obtained, it can be assumed that the level of extraversion (r = .397, p = .002; r = 414, p < .001 and the level of emotional intelligence (r = .331, p = .009; r = .411, p < .001) may be responsible for the expression of emotions and productivity of the speech in an intermediary conversation. Due to the results of the conducted research, we put forward a thesis that the mediation of contact with another person thanks to the currently developed systems of smileys, does not lead to impoverishment of the emotional layer of the message.
EN
The presented research aims at analyzing whether the emotional intelligence, competence, and interpersonal communication directly affect teacher performance in senior high schools in Makassar. This research also aims at analyzing whether emotional intelligence, competence, and interpersonal communication indirectly affect teacher performance through achievement motivation in senior high schools in Makassar. The research was a quantitative study. The sample of this research consisted of 130 respondents. The data were analyzed using Structural equation Model AMoS 18. The findings show that emotional intelligence has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. every teacher’s emotional intelligence proves convenient in teaching. Competence has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance. It is important in supporting the teaching profession. In addition, it allows teachers to conduct the learning process effectively.
EN
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of the impact of drama therapy on self-awareness of the role of the body among the intellectually disabled. In particular, it was intended to examine the effects of drama therapy involving improvisation on adolescents with moderate intellectual disability. The study is focused on assessing their levels of selfawareness of the role of the body in interpersonal relationships. The instrument used for the purpose of this study was designed by the author. It consists of a ”Body in action” test, which comprises 16 questions examining the level of self-evaluation of non-verbal behaviours in social interactions. The subjects were administered the test before and after a series of drama therapy workshops. Results indicate the connection between participation in drama therapy workshops based on improvisation and an increased level of the participants’ self-awareness of the role of the body in interpersonal relationships. At this stage of research, however, the conclusions cannot be extended to the whole age-group of the intellectually disabled. This study constitutes a starting point for further exploration of this issue. It outlines a direction, since, based on the results obtained, it can be stated that non-verbal communication plays a significant role in the development of social competences.
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EN
Each group has its own dynamism of development which is mostly comprised of commonly shared values and personality features of the group and its leader. Conflicts are a natural phenomenon in the functioning of a group. If they are only half-solved, they lead to serious crises. An educator plays a vital role in the process of conflict resolution. To make problems arising in a group become the occasion for both personal and group development, an educator has to possess suitable skills of sincere communication with group members, has to determine the core of the conflict, be open to another person’s opinions and be capable of compromise.
EN
The authors focused primarily on a typical act of politeness i.e., congratulations as understood and verbalized by the students of secondary schools. They were mostly interested in student’s answers to the following questions: Can students construct the correct definition of this notion? What advantages, apart from giving pleasure to the person who receives congratulations, does the sender want to achieve by using utterances of this kind? Can one congratulate against oneself, insincerely? Consequently, the definitions of the lexeme created by secondary school students underwent careful scrutiny, and also the addressee of congratulations, the reasons for expressing the words of praise as well as the intentions of congratulating, which can be very different: from demonstrating admiration for the attainments of the allocutor, through motivating them for further efforts, until the desire to achieve one’s own aims and awaiting reciprocity.
PL
Dialog jest rzeczywistym sposobem komunikacji międzyludzkiej, w której podmioty dążą do wzajemnego zrozumienia, zbliżenia i współdziałania. Zakłada on uznanie godności i wolności każdego człowieka oraz jego prawa do wyrażania własnych poglądów. W ramach dialogu powinno się podejmować najbardziej palące problemy współczesnej rzeczywistości wielokulturowej. Jest on wyznacznikiem dojrzałości społeczeństwa.
EN
Dialogue is the real way of interpersonal communication, in which people seek mutual understanding, rapprochement and collaboration. It assumes recognition of the dignity and freedom of every human being and his right to express his or her own views. This is the way to tackle the most pressing problems of contemporary multicultural reality. It is a determinant of the maturity of society.
PL
Komunikacja interpersonalna w lecznictwie jest bardzo ważnym tematem, wymagającym trwałego rozwoju i dokształcania lekarzy ochrony zdrowia. Artykuł jest raportem z badania, którego celem było poznanie opinii studentów kierunku lekarskiego z polskich uczelni akademickich na ten temat. W badaniu wzięło udział 56 studentek i 38 studentów, którzy odpowiadali na pytania dotyczące: technik komunikacyjnych w relacji lekarz – pacjent, protokołów przekazania niepomyślnej informacji, obaw związanych z kontaktem z danym pacjentem, barier komunikacyjnych, wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na komunikację interpersonalną, oddziałów, z którymi są wiązane największe problemy komunikacyjne, użyteczności zajęć fakultatywnych podczas kształcenia studentów na kierunku lekarskim. Wnioski zostały przedstawione w dyskusji, wraz z możliwościami rozwiązania potencjalnych problemów komunikacyjnych w relacji pacjent – lekarz.
EN
Interpersonal communication in medicine is a very important topic that requires constant development and training of health care physicians. The article is a report from a study the aim of which was to find out the opinions of medical students from Polish universities on this subject. The study involved 56 female students and 38 students who answered questions about: communication techniques in the doctor-patient relationship, protocols for passing on unsuccessful information, concerns related to contact with a given patient, communication barriers, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on interpersonal communication, departments with which the greatest communication problems are associated, the usefulness of optional classes during the education of students in the field of medicine. The conclusions were presented in the discussion, along with the possibilities of solving potential communication problems in the patient-doctor relationship.
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