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An evaluation of the selected mathematical competence of the first-year students of economic studies

100%
Kopańska-Bródka D., Dudzińska-Baryła R., Michalska E.
Didactics of Mathematics
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2015
|
issue 12(16)
69-84
EN
In Poland, since 1985 when the matura exam in mathematics was no longer compulsory, low-level of math skills and poor learning results have been constantly talked about. The academic community warned that young people were massively avoiding the technical, mathematical fields of study and fields with mathematics as a compulsory subject. We are seeing a constantly decreasing level of mathematical knowledge of first-year students, and sometimes even their ignorance of the elementary issues, basic concepts or an awkwardness in performing calculations. The situation would radically change after the reintroduction of the compulsory matura exam in mathematics in 2010. This article presents the results of the evaluation of the mathematical competence of students (who were obliged to pass the matura exam in mathematics). The evaluation was carried out every year at the beginning of the first year of the economic undergraduate studies during 2012-2014. We have analyzed the level of mathematical competence in the area of knowledge and skills over the subsequent years as well as the knowledge of selected content from the core curriculum of mathematics taught in upper-secondary schools.
2

ТЕСТОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЕЙ УЧНІВ: МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ДОСВІД

75%
Науменко С.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2014
|
issue 6(40)
19-30
EN
This article presents the test evaluation technology of pupils’ competencies that are used in international studies program PISA and project TIMSS. The goal of two international studies is highlighted and forms of assessment of pupils’ competencies are also revealed. The aim of the research according to the PISA program is to identify whether 15-year-old pupils who received general compulsory education possess the knowledge and skills that they need to have for sterling living in society. The purpose of the study that is being carried out by the project TIMSS is a comparative assessment of general education of pupils in grades 4 and 8 as to mathematics and natural sciences in the countries with different educational systems and to identify the factors that affect the level of such training. The forms of assessment in these two studies are presented by tests and questionnaires. In tests there are open (with the option of correct answer) and closed tasks (with short or long answer) available.In a PISA research program the tests evaluate the three types of pupils’ competences (literacy): competence of reading, mathematical competence, naturalistic competence. The tests refer to the real situations in which the pupils’ knowledge is being evaluated as well as understanding of basic concepts and ability to apply their knowledge and skills in the similar, modified and new situations. In a TIMSS research project the tests are the tools for checking of academic achievement of pupils in mathematics and science. The tests evaluate the student’s knowledge and understanding of basic concepts as well as the laws and principles and ability to apply the knowledge in a standard and unfamiliar situation. So, in the tests of international research PISA program and TIMSS project the questions that evaluate the pupils’ understanding of basic concepts, possession of basic studying methods, the ability to apply their new knowledge and skills with a practical purpose, to explain the phenomena of daily life and conducting of the study or processing of the obtained data are used.Such tasks, according to the Ukrainian teachers’ opinions are the most difficult for pupils and therefore they should be widely used in secondary schools. The examples of tasks used in the research program PISA and the TIMSS project with their brief description will be helpful for the teachers while creating the authors’ tests by them to assess the competence of pupils.
3

Gotowość szkolna dzieci 5- i 6-letnich w zakresie kompetencji matematycznych – analiza porównawcza

63%
Szewczuk K.
Edukacja Elementarna w Teorii i Praktyce
|
2014
|
issue 3(33)
25-48
PL
Debata o obniżeniu wieku szkolnego toczy się w Polsce od kilku lat. Ministerstwo Edukacji Narodowej przekonuje, że dzieci przed szkołą nie trzeba ratować, a raczej do niej posłać wykorzystując najlepszy okres w ich rozwoju. Kolejne argumenty przemawiające za wcześniejszym rozpoczęciem nauki dotyczą wyrównywania szans edukacyjnych oraz dostępu do lepszej infrastruktury naukowej, sportowej i informatycznej. Odmienne zdanie na temat wcześniejszego przekroczenia progu szkoły prezentują rodzice, nauczyciele, a także psycholodzy. Zauważają oni, że braki w przygotowaniu szkół pod względem prawnym, kadrowym i organizacyjnym są drastyczne i dotyczą m.in. nauczycieli, rozwiązań całodziennej opieki wykraczającej poza plan zajęć, regulacji dotyczących okresu wakacji szkolnych, terenów zabaw. W kontekście opisanej wyżej sytuacji diagnoza gotowości szkolnej nabiera szczególnego znaczenia. Obrazuje ona pewne możliwości i predyspozycje dziecka, ale ukazuje także jego ograniczenia i braki. Jej nadrzędnym celem jest opracowanie indywidualnego planu pracy z dzieckiem w celu zapewnienia i umożliwienia wszystkim przyszłym uczniom względnie równego startu w szkole. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań diagnozy gotowości szkolnej w zakresie kompetencji matematycznych. Problem główny został sformułowany w postaci pytania: Jaki jest poziom gotowości szkolnej dzieci 5- i 6-letnich uczęszczających do Przedszkola Miejskiego nr 1 w Rabce-Zdroju? Uzyskane w trakcie badań wyniki wskazują, że dzieci sześcioletnie w większości przypadków osiągnęły wysoki poziom gotowości szkolnej w zakresie umiejętności potrzebnych do uczenia się matematyki w klasie pierwszej. Młodsze przedszkolaki (pięciolatki), nie dysponują jeszcze wystarczającym poziomem przygotowania do szkoły. Warunkiem sukcesów edukacyjnych pięciolatków jest intensywny proces stymulowania umiejętności liczenia oraz ustalania prawidłowych sum i różnic. Ocena gotowości szkolnej prowadzona była jednorazowo, co uniemożliwia ukazanie różnic, jakie zaszły w procesie rozwoju myślenia u dzieci w ciągu roku edukacji przedszkolnej. Dokumentuje ona jednak stan aktualny rozwoju dziecka, prezentuje stopień jego kompetencji szczególnie w zakresie matematyki, inspiruje do dalszej, pogłębionej refleksji oraz prowadzenia kolejnych badań.
EN
The debate about lowering the obligatory age for commencing schooling has been going on in Poland now for a number of years. The Ministry of Education argues that children do not need to be rescued from school, but rather sent there as a way to make best use of their optimum period of development. Further arguments in favour of an earlier start to learning invoke concerns relating to equal opportunities in education and the need for access to better infrastructure where learning, sports and information are all concerned. On the other hand, parents, teachers, and psychologists tend to adopt a rather different point of view on this. They note the serious deficiencies in the preparedness of schools with respect to legal, human and organizational resources, as well as the concerns among teachers and others about such issues as the adequacy of daycare provision, adjustments relating to the period of school holidays, play areas, and so on. In the context of the situation described above, the diagnostic assessment of school readiness amongst children is of particular importance. It serves to highlight certain possibilities for the child while establishing their overall suitability, but will also reveal their limitations and shortcomings. Its ultimate goal is to develop an individual plan for working with the child in question, aimed at ensuring for them and others a relatively balanced and equal start in school in all areas. The article presents the results of tests carried out as part of the diagnostic assessment of school readiness in the area of mathematical competence. The main problem here was formulated as a question: what is the level of school readiness of children aged five and six attending the Nursery School No. 1 in Rabka–Zdrój? The results obtained during the research indicate that six-year-old children in most cases have already achieved a high level of school readiness as regards the skills needed for learning mathematics in the first grade. On the other hand, it was found that younger preschoolers (five-yearolds) are insufficiently prepared for schooling: the educational success of five-year-olds thus depends on an intensive process of stimulating numeracy, involving setting precisely gauged mathematical tasks. These diagnostic assessments were only conducted once, making it impossible to show the differences occurring in the development of the thinking of children over the course of a year of preschool education. However, they do document the state of children’s development at a given time, presenting the extent of their competence, particularly in the field of mathematics, and this may serve both to inspire further and deeper reflection and as a basis for subsequent research.
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